to  .  3  .  06. 


PRINCETON,  N.  J. 


Purchased  by  the 
Mrs.  Robert  Lenox  Kennedy  Church  History  Fund. 


BX  5199   .L28  C6  1895 
Collins,  William  Edward, 

1867-1911, 
Archbishop  Laud 

c ommp mo r  a_t_i  011     1  R Q  5  


ARCHBISHOP  LAUD  COMMEMORATION 

1895. 


r 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/archbishoplaudcoOOcoll 


From  a  picture  by  Mvttens,  in 
the  possession  of  charles  w.  wood,  esq. 

On  the  front  of  the  picture  is  the  following  inscription  : 

LAUD:  L.  BYSHOP  LONDON  1631 

. Ktatis  svje  58 


Brcbbfobop  Xauo  Commemoration,  1805. 


Lectures  on  Archbishop  Laud 


TOGETHER   WITH  A 


Bibliography  of  Laudian  Literature 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue 


edited  by 


WILLIAM   EDWARD  COLLINS,  M.A. 

Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  at  King's  College,  London. 


A LLH ALLOWS   BARKING,   LONDON,  E.C. 

AND  TO   BE  OBTAINED  OF 

A.  Southey  &  Co.,  Printers,  146,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  e.c. 

1895. 


Prejudged  by  foes  determined  not  to  spare. 

An  old  'weak  Man  for  vengeance  thrown  aside, 

Laud  "in  the  painful  art  of  dying"  tried, 

(Like  a  poor  bird  entangled  in  a  snare 

Whose  heart  still  flutters,  though  his  icings  forbear 

To  stir  in  useless  struggle)  hath  relied 

On  hope  that  conscious  innocence  supplied. 

And  in  his  prison  breathes  celestial  air. 

Why  tarries  then  thy  chariot  ?    Wherefore  slay, 

O  Death  !  the  ensanguined  yet  triumphant  wheels. 

Which  thou  prepar'st,  full  often,  to  convey 

(What  time  a  State  with  madding  faction  reels) 

The  Saint  or  Patriot  to  the  world  that  heals 

All  wounds,  all  perturbations  doth  allay? 

William  Wordsworth . 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTION   

Erratum 

LECTURES— 

I.    Laud's   Position    in   the   History   of  the 
English  Church.    By  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Peterborough        .« CI  XTg,\  <^ai"  0  W . ' 
II.    Laud  as  a  Statesman.      By  the  Rev.  Prof 
Collins 

III.  Laud's  Educational  Work.     By  Prof.  Mar 

goliouth 

IV.  Laud  in  Controversy.     By  the  Rev.  W.  H 

Hutton  B.D  

V.    Laud's   Personal    Religion.      By  the  Rev 
C.  H.  Simpkinson 
Archbishop  Laud.    From  the  Times 

LAUDIAN  BIBLIOGRAPHY— 

A.  Works  of  Archbishop  Laud  

Appendix.   Works  prepared  or  authorised 

BY  HIM 

B.  Works  relating  to  Archbishop  Laud 

Appendix  i.    Satirical  Prints,  &c  

Appendix  it.    Books    dedicated    to  Arch 
bishop  Laud  ... 

Additional  Note 

WRITINGS  OF  ARCHBISHOP  LAUD— 

A.  Resignation  of  the  Chancellorship 

B.  Verses  on  Various  Occasions 

CATALOGUE  OF  THE  LAUDIAN  EXHIBITION  .. 
INDEX  


Page 
vii 

xxi 


3 
29 
67 
95 

"3 
157 

165 

189 
192 
262 

264 

268 

273 
275 

279 
321 


INTRODUCTION. 


I.    The  Memory  of  Archbishop  Laud. 
II.    The  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration,-  1895. 
III.    The  Memorial  Volume. 

a.  The  Portrait. 

b.  The  Lectures. 

c.  The  Laudian  Bibliography. 

d.  Newly  published  Writings  of  Laud,  <S-c. 

e.  The  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 

f.  Conclusion. 


I.    THE  MEMORY  OF  ARCHBISHOP  LAUD. 

Two  hundred  and  fifty  years  have  elapsed  since  Archbishop  Laud 
laid  down  his  life  upon  the  scaffold.  During  this  period  his  personal 
character,  his  principles,  and  his  work  in  Church  and  State,  have 
been  viewed  in  nearly  every  light  that  indifference,  prejudice, 
or  partisanship  could  throw  upon  them.  He  has  been  pursued 
from  his  own  day  to  the  present  (as  was  perhaps  only  to  be 
expected)  by  the  unfriendly  criticism  of  non-conformists,  and  enjoys 
a  reputation  as  a  persecutor  which  he  shared  only  with  Bishop 
Bonner  and  Bloody  Mary.  But  apart  from  this  perpetual  under- 
current, many  stages  of  opinion  can  be  clearly  traced.  The  nearly 
indiscriminate  eulogy  of  Heylin  and  the  constitutional  Churchmen 
of  the  later  Stuart  reigns  gave  place  in  time  to  the  colder  and  less 
appreciative  tones  of  the  latitudinarian  divines,  who  looked  upon 
him,  with  Burnet,  as  "  hot  and  indiscreet,  eagerly  pursuing  such 
matters  as  were  either  very  inconsiderable  or  mischievous,"  or 


viii 


thought  with  Hacket  that  although  "  there  were  very  good  things  to 
be  found  in  the  Lord  Archbishop,"  yet  there  was  much  more  which 
"  was  unpardonable.''  The  former  view  revived  under  Queen  Anne, 
and  never  died  out.  It  is  to  be  found  now  and  again  throughout 
the  eighteenth  century,  and  especially,  for  instance,  in  the  pages  of 
the  European  Magazine  of  a  hundred  years  ago  (see  p.  269)  ;  but  more 
and  more  it  came  to  be  identified  with  high  Toryism  ;  often  with 
Jacobitism.  The  estimate  of  Burnet  and  Hacket  came  to  be  gene- 
rally accepted,  and  has  become  more  and  more  exaggerated  in  the 
process,  until  at  length  the  climax  was  reached  in  the  bitter  and 
strangely  distorted  estimate  of  Lord  Macaulay. 

The  natural  result  of  the  Tractarian  movement  was  to  revive 
and  popularise  a  presentment  which  erred  quite  as  much  on  the 
other  side.  This,  however,  can  scarcely  be  said  to  have  held  its 
ground  against  that  of  Macaulay,  which  has  continued  to  be  the 
prevalent  view  among  uninformed  people  down  to  the  present  day, 
as  will  be  at  once  realised  by  anyone  who  has  followed  the  utter- 
ances of  provincial  newspapers  and  Nonconformist  preachers  on  the 
subject  during  the  last  few  months. 

At  length,  however,  the  prospect  is  becoming  clearer.  No 
doubt  there  will  always  be  two  or  more  views  held  as  to  the  man 
and  his  work.  But  there  is  at  least  a  tendency  to  base  these  views 
upon  a  study  of  the  facts  of  the  case,  rather  than  upon  certain 
pre-conceived  ideas.  Something,  at  any  rate,  of  the  rancour  of 
partisanship  has  passed  away.  And  whilst  lapse  of  time  is  doubtless 
one  great  factor  in  this  change,  it  is  due,  far  more  largely  than  to 
any  other  single  event,  to  the  publication  of  Dr.  S.  R.  Gardiner's 
great  History  of  England.  We  are  better  able  now  to  see  how  much 
there  was  of  good  in  the  principles  and  aims  of  the  noblest  spirits 
on  both  sides.  And  many  have  been  found  to  do  honour  to  Arch- 
bishop Laud's  courage,  zeal,  personal  piety,  and  love  of  learning, 
who  sympathise  very  little,  or  not  at  all,  with  the  political  principles 
which  he  deemed  it  almost  part  of  his  religion  to  uphold.  But  after 
all,  his  work  on  behalf  of  the  English  Church  is  that  by  which,  in 
the  long  run,  he  must  stand  or  fall.    It  is  here,  for  good  or  for  evil, 


Introduction. 


ix 


hat  his  influence  has  been  most  manifest.  And  the  voice  of  those 
who  best  represent  the  mind  of  that  Church  has  gone  forth  with  no 
uncertain  sound.  Whatever  he  may  be  to  other  men,  to  us  at  least 
he  is  an  apostle.  There  can  surely  be  no  doubt  that  the  whole 
course  of  our  history  since  then  has  been,  in  the  main,  in  accordance 
with  the  great  aims  which,  however  imperfectly,  Archbishop  Laud 
strove  to  carry  out.  Failures  in  judgment,  in  humility,  in  charity, 
there  may  have  been  ;  but  the  broad  fact  remains  that  to  him,  more 
perhaps  than  to  any  other  man,  the  Church  of  England  owes  her 
present  shape. 

But  although  there  has  been  a  great  and  growing  recognition  of 
the  debt  which  we  owe  to  him,  no  adequate  attempt  has  been  made 
to  commemorate  his  services.  After  the  Restoration  a  medal  was 
indeed  struck  in  his  honour,  many  copies  of  which  still  exist,  in 
silver  or  in  brass  :  but  this  was  no  more  than  might  have  been  done 
to  commemorate  a  great  victory  or  to  inaugurate  a  mayoralty.  His 
body  was  translated  to  Oxford  in  1663,  and  buried  in  solemn  state  in 
the  Chapel  of  S.  John's  College,  Oxford,  between  the  founder  and 
Juxon  :  but  by  his  own  express  direction  it  was  done  privately,  and 
at  night.  (See  the  details  in  Hutton's  William  Laud,  p.  228).  It 
may  perhaps  have  been  no  more  than  an  accidental  coincidence, 
but  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  his  death  was  marked  by  the 
appearance,  in  the  Christian  Remembrancer  for  January  1845,  of 
Mozley's  memorable  article.  But  this  was  all.  The  completion  of 
a  quarter  of  a  millenium  from  the  date  of  his  death  seemed, 
therefore,  a  fitting  opportunity  for  bringing  before  the  public  mind 
one  whose  significance  to  our  own  day  is  illustrated  by  the  fact 
that,  within  a  few  months,  three  such  lives  of  him  have  appeared  as 
those  by  "A  Romish  Recusant,"  Mr.  Simpkinson,  and  Mr.  Hutton. 
And  the  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration  of  1895  is  the  result. 

II.    THE  ARCHBISHOP  LAUD  COMMEMORATION,  1895. 

It  is  not  necessary  here  to  tell  the  story  of  the  Commemoration 
at  any  length.    The  idea  originated  in  the  Church  of  AllhaUows 


X 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Barking,  "a  Church,"  as  Heylin  says,  "of  Laud's  own  Patronage  and 
Jurisdiction";  there  the  Commemoration  was  carried  out;  and  it 
was  from  the  first  intended  that  if  there  were  any  proceeds  after 
paying  expenses,  they  should  go  to  the  Restoration  Fund  of  this 
Church.*  With  the  co-operation  of  an  influential  Committee, 
whose  names  will  be  found  at  the  beginning  of  the  revised 
Exhibition  Catalogue  (p.  281),  the  following  scheme  was  drawn  up, 
and  was  carried  out  in  its  entirety : — 

r.  Services  in  Allhallows  Barking  Church,  E.C. 

Thursday,  Jan.  10th  (Beheading  of  Archbishop  Laud). 
7.0  a.m. — Holy  Eucharist. 
7.30  a.m. — Mattins 

1.5  p.m. — Te  Deum  on  the  site  of  the  Scaffold  in  Trinity 
Square,  with  the  reading  of  the  account  of  the 
death  of  the  Archbishop. 

5.0  p.m. — Evensong  (Choral). 

Friday ,  Jan.  11th  (Deposition  of  Archbishop  Laud). 
8.0  a.m. — Holy  Eucharist  (Choral). 
11. o  a.m. — Mattins. 
8.0  p.m. — Evensong. 

2.  Exhibition  of  Laudian  Relics. 

This  was  held  in  the  handsome  Schoolroom  adjoining  the 
Church  (designed  by  Mr.  J.  L.  Pearson,  R.A.,  and  given  to  the 
Parish  by  the  Rev.  A.  J.  Mason,  D.D.,  the  Vicar).  It  was 
declared  open  after  the  Service  at  1.5  p.m.  on  Jan.  10,  and 
remained  open  daily  (Sundays  excepted)  from  11  a.m.  to  5  p.m. 
until  the  end  of  the  month,  and  on  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays 
from  7.30  p.m.  to  9.30  p.m.  also.  A  charge  of  One  Shilling  was 
in  general  made  for  admittance. 


*  This  has  been  done.  After  paying  all  expenses  there  remained  a  small 
balance :  and  the  proceeds  of  the  present  volume,  if  any,  will  be  devoted  to  the 
same  good  object. 


Introduction. 


xi 


3.  A  Course  of  Lectures  was  delivered  in  the  Church,  at  3.30  p.m. 
on  the  following  days  :  Thursday  Jan.  10th,  Thursday  Jan.  17th, 
Monday  Jan.  21st,  Thursday  Jan.  24th,  and  Thursday  Jan.  31st. 
The  subjects  and  names  of  lecturers  will  be  found  in  the  Table 
of  Contents. 

The  Commemoration  was  an  unqualified  success.  Thursday 
Jan.  10th  was  clear,  but  piercingly  cold ;  but  long  before  one 
o'clock  there  was  a  very  large  concourse  of  people,  all  (or  nearly 
all)  evidently  sympathetic,  upon  Tower  Hill  and  about  the  site 
of  the  Scaffold  (in  the  garden  of  Trinity  Square).  At  1.5  a 
procession  left  the  Church,  consisting  of  the  choir  of  Allhallows 
Barking,  augmented  by  members  of  several  other  neighbouring 
choirs,  in  cassock  and  surplice,  and  the  clergy.  And  although  no 
effort  had  been  made  to  attract  numbers  (in  fact  no  general  invi- 
tation was  issued)  a  considerable  body  of  clergy  took  part,  in 
addition  to  those  serving  the  Church  of  Allhallows.  At  the  site 
the  Te  Deum  was  sung,  and  Dr.  Mason  read  the  account  of  the 
Archbishop's  death,  from  Heylin,  in  a  voice  that  could  be  heard 
far  and  wide :  and  then,  after  prayer,  the  procession  returned  to 
the  Church.  The  proceedings  were,  as  the  Times  said,  simple  and 
dignified  throughout. 

The  Exhibition  was  not  less  successful.  It  was  crowded 
throughout  the  first  day,  and  the  attendance  during  the  rest  of  the 
time  that  it  remained  open  was  very  satisfactory,  especially  when 
the  bad  weather  is  taken  into  account.  In  all,  over  two  thousand 
persons  paid  it  a  visit :  and  it  was  evidently  greatly  appreciated, 
being  small  enough  to  be  studied  in  detail,  and  yet  very  repre- 
sentative. 

Long  before  3.30  p.m.  on  Jan.  10th  the  Church  was  crowded 
in  every  part  to  hear  the  Bishop  of  Peterborough's  lecture ;  the 
greater  part  of  the  congregation  consisting  of  men.  At  the  time 
appointed  his  lordship,  who  wore  his  violet  cassock,  with  his 
pectoral  cross  and  black  academical  gown,  was  conducted  to  the 
pulpit  by  the  vicar.    Dr.  Mason,  from  his  stall,  gave  out  the  hymn 


xii  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


"  O  God,  our  help  in  ages  past,"  which  was  sung  unaccompanied. 
Then  the  Bishop,  having  said  the  Collect  for  SS.  Simon  and  Jude, 
and  the  Lord's  Prayer,  began  his  lecture,  which  was  listened  to 
with  rapt  attention.  After  the  Benediction  the  large  congre- 
gation left  the  Church,  many  of  them  proceeding  at  once  to  the 
Exhibition. 

The  other  services,  and  the  lectures,  were  very  well  attended  ; 
and  the  interest  remained  unimpaired  to  the  end  of  the  Commemo- 
ration. 

The  Commemoration  received  a  very  considerable  share  of 
public  attention.  All  the  London  daily  newspapers,  and  most  of 
the  chief  provincial  ones,  had  leading  articles  on  the  subject, 
some  of  them  on  Jan.  ioth  or  nth,  and  some  a  little  before  or 
after.  The  best  of  these,  from  the  Times  of  Jan.  nth,  is  reprinted 
in  this  volume  (at  p.  157  f.) ;  but  many  more  were  of  no  small 
permanent  value.  Moreover,  a  very  large  number  of  newspapers 
and  magazines,  home  and  colonial  and  foreign,  dealt  with  the 
subject  at  greater  or  less  length,  many  of  them  giving  illustrations 
of  the  exhibits,  or  other  illustrations  in  connection  with  the  Com- 
memoration. And  as  Secretary  I  received  a  very  large  number  of 
letters,  some  of  them  of  the  most  touching  character,  which  seemed 
to  show  that  thought  had  been  quickened  and  interest  roused,  and 
that  much  good  had  been  done  in  many  ways. 

Naturally  too,  it  came  in  for  no  small  share  of  adverse  criticism. 
Much  of  this  was  very  welcome,  not  only  as  showing  "  How  it 
strikes  a  Contemporary,"  and  not  only  for  its  own  intrinsic  value,  but 
because  in  many  cases  there  was  an  evident  and  progressive  appre- 
ciation of  the  fact  that  those  who  were  concerned  in  the  matter 
were  not  necessarily  either  bigoted  fanatics  or  crack-brained  enthu- 
siasts. On  the  other  hand,  there  was  much  that  could  easily  have 
been  spared.  The  amazingly  wild  statements  of  some  newspapers — 
naturally,  provincial  ones  above  all — showed  that,  though  truth  may- 
be stronger  than  falsehood,  yet  at  least  falsehood  is  very  strong. 
Thus  a  quotation  from  Macaulay  was  (of  course)  always  treated  as 
final  and  conclusive.    Charles  I.  was  again  and  again  confused  with 


Introduction. 


xiii 


Charles  II,  and  spoken  of  accordingly.  The  statement  that  Laud 
was  Archbishop  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  was  made  without 
hesitation  and  (apparently)  received  without  contradiction.  It 
seemed  to  be  a  permissible  opinion  that  his  name  might  be  spelled 
Lund,  or  Lord,  or  Loud.  That  he  made  use  of  the  thumb-screw 
and  the  Scavenger's  Daughter  and  the  fire  and  stake  was  as  indis- 
putable a  fact  of  history  as  that  he  was  a  Jesuit  in  disguise.  A  great 
London  daily  newspaper  accepted  and  made  use  of  (though  it  did 
not  originate)  the  statement  that  he  was  mainly  responsible  for  the 
ejection  of  the  ministers  in  1662  ;  and  it  need  hardly  be  said  that 
numbers  of  small  fry  followed  in  its  wake.  After  this  it  would  be 
superfluous  to  mention  any  of  the  vast  number  of  smaller  mistakes 
which  were  made. 

Perhaps  even  more  remarkable  (not  to  say  deplorable)  was  the 
intolerant  tone  of  certain  pronouncements  on  the  subject.  Thus 
there  was  a  characteristic  effusion  in  the  Daily  News ;  and  a  small 
section  of  the  so-called  "religious"  newspapers  distinguished  them- 
selves by  their  acerbity.  And  the  Commemoration  called  forth  a 
number  of  anonymous  communications  (mostly  on  postcards)  which 
strangely  recall  the  kind  of  thing  with  which  Archbishop  Laud  had 
to  deal ;  and  show  that  the  spirit  which  animated  the  fanatic  of  his 
day  is  by  no  means  extinct.  A  few  of  these  are  printed  here  on 
account  of  their  historical  interest ;  and  nobody  who  is  acquainted 
with  such  "libels"  as  are  preserved  in  the  Record  Office  or  in 
Lambeth  Palace  Library  will  have  any  difficulty  in  recognising  the 
resemblance  : — 

1.  "There  will  be  another  anniversary  of  a  socalled  Martyr  on 
the  30th.  The  tricky  Ch  1st.  You  and  your  colleagues,  can 
go  through  some  more  mumby  jumby  in  pseudo  religiosity 
What  an  outcome  of  medevial  (sic)  legerdemain  and  fireworks. 
Poor  fellows  your  minds  seem  incapable  of  understanding 
progress,  but  ever  harping  on  the  past,  all  such  frauds  as 
Ch  1st  Laud,  Strafford,  C  2nd  James  2nd  were  a  disgrace  to  our 
Nation  and  all  you  parrotters  (sic)  of  the  19th  centy  ought  to  be 


xiv  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


sent  to  the  Tower  or  Treadmill.  You  are  dispensers  of  the 
husks  and  Chaff   There  is  no  sense  in  your  patter." 

2.  "  Archbishop  Laud,  the  man  whom  you  delight  to  honor  but  ot 
whom  the  Lord  hath  said  '  this  man  draweth  near  unto  Me  with 
his  lips  but  his  heart  is  far  from  Me.'  The  man  who  sought  to 
deprive  the  Church  of  God  of  all  real  inward  and  spiritual 
grace  and  substitute  in  its  stead  an  unreal  external  sin  (sic),  as 
though  the  Lord  took  pleasure  in  gorgeous  apparel  and  lighted 
candles.  The  man  who  sought  to  propagate  his  hollow  forms 
by  persecutions  and  cruelties  of  the  most  atrocious  character, 
throwing  into  prison  slitting  and  cutting  off  noses  and  ears  of 
those  who  believed  and  realised  that  religion  was  a  thing  of  the 
heart     This  is  the  man  whom  you  delight  to  honor  !" 

3.  "  You  are  doing  the  work  of  the  great  Whore  of  Babylon  and 
leading  them  to  the  Pope  as  your  Laud  did.  And  you  deserve 
the  same  recompense  as  he  received  from  his  righteous  judges. 
Curse  you  " 

There  are  others  even  grosser  ;  but  they  cannot  be  quoted  here. 
The  writers  of  communications  such  as  these  may  be  compared 
with,  e.g.,  the  authors  of  some  of  the  tracts  in  the  Bibliography. 
And  perhaps  it  may  be  pointed  out  here,  more  suitably  than  else- 
where, that  one  of  the  latter  would  seem  to  have  predicted  the 
actual  year  of  the  Laud  Commemoration,  mdcccxcv.  *  (See 
Laudian  Bibliography  No.  135).  Such,  at  any  rate  is  the  least 
unintelligible  meaning  which  can  be  twisted  out  of  the  latter  part  of 
Richard  Newrobe's  title. f  And  perhaps  it  might  not  yet  be  too 
late  to  prove  that  "  the  12.  day  of  the  moneth  Tridemiter,  according 
to  the  Infernall  collateration.  peccandi  "  stands  for  the  10th  day  of 
January.  The  suggestion  is  given  for  what  it  is  worth,  to  all  whom 
it  may  concern ! 

*  I  could  scarcely  believe  my  eyes  when  I  first  saw  this  tract  in  the 
Reading  Room  of  the  British  Museum. 

+  There  is  no  reference  of  any  kind  to  the  year  18!I5  in  the  body  of  the 
pamphlet,  nor  anything  to  explain  the  latter  part  of  the  title.  But  in  this  it  by 
no  means  stands  alone. 


Introduction. 


xv 


III.    THE  MEMORIAL  VOLUME. 

From  the  first  the  announcement  had  been  made  that  the 
lectures  &c.  would  be  published  in  a  permanent  form ;  but  the 
work  of  preparation  has  proved  to  be  so  much  more  than  was  at 
first  expected,  and  has  been  so  much  interrupted  by  other  duties, 
that  a  certain  amount  of  delay  has  been  unavoidable.  It  is  hoped 
that  this  may  be  to  some  extent  compensated  for  by  the  fact  that 
the  Bibliography  is  more  complete  than  it  otherwise  could  have 
been. 

It  remains  to  speak  in  detail  of  the  contents  of  the  volume. 

a.  The  Portrait. — Some  days  after  the  Exhibition  was  opened, 
it  was  enriched,  through  the  great  kindness  of  Mrs.  Davis 
Cooper,  by  the  addition  of  a  miniature  of  Archbishop  Laud 
on  ivory  (Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue  No.  74).  It  had  been 
painted  by  herself  in  1858,  from  a  portrait  by  Myttens,  which  was 
then  in  her  husband's  hands  for  the  purpose  of  being  used  in  the 
preparation  of  a  large  engraving  containing  many  figures.  The 
miniature  not  only  formed  an  additional  feature  of  great  interest  in 
the  Exhibition,  throwing  light  upon  the  mutual  relations  of  the 
Vandyck  portraits,  the  bust,  and  the  engravings,  but  it  opened  up 
also  an  important  question  as  to  the  present  whereabouts  of  the 
Myttens  portrait,  of  which  nothing  was  known.  A  letter  to  the 
Times  on  the  subject,  however,  at  once  brought  an  answer  from  the 
present  owner,  Charles  W.  Wood,  Esq.,  of  r,  Gloucester  Place,  W., 
who  not  only  allowed  Dr.  Mason  and  myself  to  see  the  picture,  but 
in  the  kindest  manner  possible  consented  that  an  autotype  repro- 
duction should  form  the  frontispiece  to  this  volume.  And  all  who 
possess  it  will  see  at  once  how  great  is  their  debt  to  him  for  allowing 
the  reproduction  of  this  magnificent  portrait,  which  must  surely  be 
allowed  to  rank  even  above  those  by  Vandyck. 

b.  The  Lectures. — These  are  printed  exactly  as  they  were 
delivered,  a  few  references  being  added  in  one  or  two  cases  only. 


xvi  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


The  first,  by  the  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  has  already  been  printed 
verbatim  in  the  Guardian  for  Jan.  16  :  the  others  are  now  printed  for 
the  first  time,  although  parts  of  some  of  them  have  been  reported 
and  printed  nearly  in  full. 

c.  The  Laudian  Bibliography . — This  has  involved  a  consider- 
able amount  of  labour  of  a  rather  perplexing  kind,  especially  as 
it  had  to  be  carried  out  by  one  who  was  a  novice  at  the  work,  and 
could  only  give  to  it  spare  hours  which  were  all  too  few.  Omissions 
there  probably  are :  a  first  bibliography  is  hardly  ever  final,  and 
indeed  it  is  one  of  the  functions  of  such  a  work  to  be  the  means 
of  enabling  the  learned  to  find  out  its  own  imperfections.  But  both 
omissions  and  other  errors  might  have  been  fewer  had  it  been 
possible  to  begin  with  the  method  which  was  only  learned  little  by 
little  in  the  school  of  experience. 

Excepting  in  one  or  two  instances,  no  attempt  has  been  made 
to  reproduce  the  typography  of  the  original  titlepages  ;  and  in  some 
cases  it  has  not  seemed  necessary  to  give  the  entire  text ;  but  the 
practice  in  this  matter  can  hardly  be  considered  uniform.  In 
general,  too,  a  reference  is  given  (in  the  case  of  rare  books),  to  some 
library  &c.  in  which  a  copy  is  to  be  found  ;  but  this  has  not  been 
possible  in  every  instance. 

In  the  case  of  one  who  occupied  so  large  a  place  in  the  history 
of  his  time,  the  difficulty  has  often  been  rather  what  to  leave  out 
than  what  to  include :  for  almost  every  satire  of  the  time  brings  in 
his  name  in  some  form  or  other.  On  the  other  hand  the  lists  of 
satirical  portraits,  of  books  dedicated  to  the  Archbishop,  and  of 
foreign  pamphlets  will  all  probably  prove  to  be  incomplete.  Books 
or  collections,  too,  in  which  one  or  more  of  Laud's  letters  first 
appeared  in  print — such  as  the  Strafford  Letters,  Vossii  Epistote, 
or  the  Gentleman's  Magazine — are  purposely  omitted  from  the 
list:  but  under  No.  75  will  be  found  a  reference  to  the  works  in 
which  all  the  letters  hitherto  printed  first  appeared. 

The  classification  of  the  books  included,  moreover,  has  often 
proved  no  easy  matter ;  but  the  system  which  has  been  adopted 


Introduction. 


xvii 


has  been  explained  at  the  beginning  of  the  Bibliography.  New 
editions  of  any  work  are  placed  in  order  of  their  date,  immediately 
after  the  first  edition,  and  are  distinguished  by  being  somewhat 
indented.  Translations  have  been  placed  in  the  same  class  as  the 
works  which  they  represent :  thus  for  instance  a  translation  of  a 
letter  of  Laud's  will  be  found  classified  under  the  heading  of 
Laud's  Works  :  this  seemed  inevitable  because,  in  the  case  of  some 
of  the  letters  which  exist  in  English  translations  only  (such  as 
No.  39),  it  is  really  impossible  to  say  whether  the  translation  is  his 
or  not.  And  where  there  are  a  large  number  of  works  in  any  one 
year  (as  in  1641),  they  are  arranged  in  order  of  subjects  (as  far  as 
possible)  and  not  alphabetically.  The  latter  plan  has  its  advan- 
tages, but  the  fatal  objection  is  the  fact  that  the  Mercurie  letters 
(Nos.  148-152),  for  instance,  would  have  been  separated  entirely 
from  one  another  The  former  plan  doubtless  has  its  disadvantages; 
but  they  will  to  some  extent  be  obviated  by  the  fulness  of  the  index. 
And  as  the  numbering  is,  after  all,  only  made  for  convenient 
reference,  there  seemed  to  be  no  reason  against  inserting,  with 
numbers  but  within  brackets,  several  works  which  may  in  fact  never 
have  appeared  (such  as  No.  18)  or  may  have  nothing  to  do  with 
Laud  (such  as  No.  37). 

Several  interesting  points  may  be  noticed,  which  have  been 
unearthed  during  the  preparation  of  the  Bibliography.  There 
is  for  instance  the  very  curious  incomplete  and  unpublished 
pamphlet  (No.  93)  which  has  apparently  been  overlooked  hitherto 
in  connection  with  Laud,  and  which  tells  its  own  tale  so  clearly. 
There  is,  again,  the  curious  reference  to  the  year  mdcccxcv, 
which  has  been  already  noticed  (No.  135).  A  flood  of  light,  too, 
is  thrown  on  the  closeness  of  the  relations  between  England  and 
Holland,  by  the  fact  that  so  large  a  number  of  translations  appeared, 
and  so  quickly,  of  the  publications  on  behalf  of  and  against 
the  Archbishop.  It  illustrates,  moreover,  the  character  of  the 
two  peoples;  for  although  a  considerable  number  of  tracts  appeared 
in  England  dealing  with  the  affairs  of  the  Low  Countries,  there 
are  very  few  translations ;  and  the  total  number  of  such  tracts 


xviii  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


certainly  cannot  compare  with  the  number  published  abroad 
relating  to  England.  And,  although  the  fact  is  already  well  known, 
it  is  worth  noticing  how  many  English  books  in  this  list  either  really 
were,  or  professed  to  be,  printed  abroad.  We  see,  too,  that  the 
printers  of  that  century  (as  is  shown,  for  example,  in  Nos.  177  and 
207,  and  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue  No.  81)  used  to  employ  the 
same  wood  block  over  and  over  again  to  represent  different  people, 
with  a  boldness  which  has  only  survived  in  a  very  small  degree  in 
these  degenerate  days.  And  once  again,  it  is  interesting  to  find 
that  the  last  edition  of  Heylin's  Cyprianus  Anglicus,  and  the  last  two 
editions  of  White's  Answer  to  Fisher  (which  includes  Laud's  Third 
Conference)  appeared  in  Dublin. 

d.  Newly  published  writings  of  Laud. — It  formed  no  part  of 
the  present  scheme  to  collect  together  everything  of  Archbishop 
Laud's  which  had  not  appeared  in  the  collected  edition  of  his  works. 
Had  this  been  intended,  the  State  Paper  Office  would  have  supplied 
many  formal  documents,  and  a  great  number  of  short  notes  by  the 
Archbishop  upon  speeches  or  despatches — most  of  which  are  to  be 
found  described  or  transcribed  in  the  published  Calendars.  And 
a  few  things  are  to  be  found  elsewhere,  e.g.  one  letter  (to  the 
City  of  Edinburgh)  in  the  English  Historical  Review,  and  various 
papers  in  the  different  volumes  published  by  the  Historical  MSS. 
Commission. 

But  although  this  was  not  intended,  the  case  is  different  with 
writings  which  are  otherwise  inaccessible.  Laud's  Instrument  of 
Resignation  of  the  Chancellorship  of  Oxford  is  here  published  for 
the  first  time,  from  the  original  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  of  which  a 
photograph  was  included  in  the  magnificent  collection  lent  by 
Professor  Margoliouth  to  the  Laudian  Exhibition  (Catalogue  No.  54). 
Three  curious  and  interesting  sets  of  Latin  verses,  written  by  Laud 
on  public  occasions  while  he  was  President  of  S.  John's  College, 
are  reprinted  verbatim  from  the  very  rare  volumes  (see  Bibliography 
Nos.  1-3)  in  the  British  Museum. 


Introduction. 


xix 


e.  The  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue— This  has  been  subjected 
to  a  certain  amount  of  revision  and  correction,  though  not  such  as 
to  alter  its  form  in  any  way.  The  original  Catalogue  was  neces- 
sarily prepared  very  hastily,  and  a  few  errors  which  occurred  in 
consequence  have  now  been  corrected ;  whilst  descriptions  have 
been  inserted  of  exhibits  which  appeared  too  late  to  be  catalogued, 
and  the  numbers  are  altered  accordingly. 

Something  may  be  added  here  as  to  the  Exhibition  itself.  It 
would  seem  to  have  been  very  fairly  complete.  In  fact,  I  am  only 
aware  of  five  desiderata  of  any  importace. 

(i)  There  is  in  Lambeth  Palace  Library,  as  was  pointed  out 
by  the  writer  of  an  able  article  in  the  Illustrated  London  News,  a 
lozenge-shaped  pane  of  glass  from  a  window  of  the  old  Croydon 
Palace,  upon  which  Laud  has  written  with  a  diamond.  Of  this 
nothing  was  known  until  it  was  too  late  to  apply  for  the  loan  of  it. 
(ii)  The  Committee  had  not  discovered  the  whereabouts  of  the 
magnificent  portrait  of  Laud  by  Myttens  until  the  last  week  in 
January,  (iii)  There  are  at  Ickwell-Bury  in  Bedfordshire,  a  large 
silver  Monteith  (or  punch-bowl)  and  several  pairs  of  silver  candle- 
sticks bearing  the  Laud  and  Robinson  arms,  and  a  Vandyck  por- 
trait of  Laud,  in  which  the  "  drooping  eye  "  is  especially  noticeable. 
These  were  the  gift  of  the  Archbishop  to  his  grand-niece  Sarah,  the 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Robinson,  who  became  the  wife  of  John 
Harvey  of  Ickwell-Bury,  Esq.  Owing  to  serious  illness,  their 
present  owner,  Mrs.  Harvey  of  Ickwell-Bury,  did  not  know  of  the 
Exhibition  in  time  to  lend  these,  as  she  would  otherwise  gladly 
have  done,  (iv)  There  is  a  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  Bellarmine's 
Disputationes,  in  three  volumes,  Lugdunum,  1596,-9,-6.  folio,  in 
Archbishop  Marsh's  Library*  at  Dublin,  with  copious  (and  very 
interesting)   annotations   in    Laud's  handwriting  :    but  unfortu- 

•  This  Library  originally  belonged  to  Bishop  Stillinsrfleet,  of  'Worcester,  and 
was  purchased  from  his  executors  by  Abp.  Marsh,  for  public  use  in  the  diocese 
of  Dublin.  The  copy  of  Bellarmine  may  therefore  have  been  used  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  Stilling-fleet's  Rational  Account.    {Bibliography  No.  231). 


xx  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


nately  nothing  was  known  of  this  until  the  Exhibition  was  already 
open.  Its  absence  is,  however,  of  less  consequence  owing  to  the 
fact  that  the  notes  have  already  been  printed  in  Laud's  Works 
VI.  607-708.  (v)  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch  was  unable  to 
lend  to  the  Exhibition  a  miniature  portrait  of  Archbishop  Laud  in 
his  possession. 

In  order  that  this  list  may  not  seem  incomplete,  mention  must 
be  made  here  of  two  other  Laudian  relics  which  I  have  been  quite 
unable  to  trace.  (i)  A  copy  of  Andrewes's  Tortuva  Torti  (1609) 
with  numerous  MS  notes  by  Laud,  was  advertised  for  sale,  as  I  am 
informed  by  Professor  Mayor,  in  the  book  catalogue  of  Mr.  T. 
Kerslake  (of  Bristol)  for  October  1859  (No.  52).  The  comments  of 
the  scholar  upon  the  famous  work  of  his  illustrious  master  in  the 
art  of  controversy  should  be  very  valuable  ;  but  so  far  I  have  failed 
to  trace  the  book,  (ii)  The  same  thing  is  true  of  a  MS  by  Laud 
upon  Church  Government,  which  was  sold  for  £21  at  Dawson 
Turner's  in  1859  [Lowndes  Bibl.  Manual,  p.  1318].  It  should  also 
be  mentioned  that  there  is  a  very  beautiful  ivory  drinking-cup  in 
private  hands,  which  was  exhibited  at  Harrow  many  years  ago, 
and  of  which  a  drawing  was  given  in  the  Illustrated  London  News  at 
the  time,  as  Archbishop  Laud's  Chalice.  But  there  seems  to  be 
no  sufficient  reason  for  describing  it  as  a  chalice,  nor  for  ascribing 
it  to  Archbishop  Laud  ;  and  consequently  the  present  owners  felt 
that  it  ought  not  to  have  a  place  in  the  Laudian  Exhibition. 

/.  Conclusion. — It  remains  only,  in  conclusion,  to  return  thanks 
to  a  large  number  of  friends  who  have  helped  me  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  this  volume.  Mr.  F.  A.  Hyett,  who,  with  the  Rev.  W. 
Bazeley,  is  engaged  upon  a  Gloucestershire  Bibliography,  most  gene- 
rously placed  at  my  disposal  his  collections  in  relation  to  Archbishop 
Laud;  and  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Boulter  lent  me  a  large  collection  of 
cuttings  from  book-catalogues  having  reference  to  him :  both  of 
these  have  been  useful.  My  debt  to  Mr.  Charles  W.  Wood  has 
been  already  acknowledged.  And  for  kind  help  of  various  sorts 
I  am  indebted  to  the  Bishop  of  Edinburgh   Lord  Northbourne, 


Introduction.  xxi 

Mr.  C.  H.  Firth,  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Fish,  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  T.  Fowler, 
Mr.  Hubert  Hall  (of  the  Record  Office),  Mrs.  Harvey  of  Ickwell- 
Bury,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton,  Mr.  Falconer  Madan,  Professor 
Margoliouth,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mason,  the  Rev.  Professor  J.  E.  B. 
Mayor,  Mr.  H.  C.  Richards,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow-Simpson,  the 
Rev.  Professor  G.  T.  Stokes,  and  the  late  Rev.  Precentor  Venables; 
and  above  all,  to  Miss  Mary  Sterland,  for  much  help  in  correction 
of  proofs  and  in  many  other  ways. 

.  W.  E.  C. 

MORWENSTOW, 

S.  Bartholomew's  Day  1895. 


ERRATA. 


p.  186.  No.  68.    For  Bp.  read  David. 

p.  197.  No.  94.  The  letter  is  by  Bishop  Hall,  as  I  ought  to  have 
remembered.  It  occurs  as  No.  4  in  his  third  Decade  of  Epistles, 
first  published  in  1611,  as  a  Letter  to  Mr.  W.  L.  {always  supposed 
to  be  William  Laud.)  But  of  course  he  had  no  hand  in  this  repub- 
lication. 


I. 

LAUD'S  POSITION  IN  THE  HISTORY 
OF  THE  ENGLISH  CHURCH. 

The  Right  Rev.  Mandell  Creighton,  D.D., 
Lord  Bishop  of  Peterborough. 


LAUD'S    POSITION    IN    THE    HISTORY    OF  THE 
ENGLISH  CHURCH. 


We  turn  to  the  records  of  the  past  with  a  desire  to 
escape  from  the  perplexities  which  beset  our  judgment 
of  the  present.  We  long  to  find  principles,  clearly 
marked,  working  themselves  out  to  a  triumphant  end. 
We  pine  for  characters  of  majestic  simplicity,  whose  in- 
tegrity and  wisdom  are  alike  beyond  dispute.  It  is  sad 
to  confess  that  the  search  for  heroes  is  fruitless  ;  that 
there  are  few  characters  which  defy  criticism  ;  that  the 
forms  of  controversy  have  changed  rather  than  their 
nature  ;  that  men  and  women  are  still  sons  and 
daughters  of  debate  ;  that  the  issues  of  the  activity  of 
those  who  played  a  great  part  in  affairs  are  strangely 
complicated,  and  still  make  demands  on  our  charity  in 
judging  them. 

It  is  not  my  purpose  to-day  to  eulogise  the  character 
of  him  whose  memory  we  are  met  to  celebrate.  My 
object  is  to  put  before  you  the  task  which  he  undertook, 
and  the  difficulties  which  beset  him.  The  judgment  of 
history  is  necessarily  stern  :  it  can  make  no  allowance 
for  good  intentions :  it  must  pass  beyond  immediate 
success  or  failure  and  must  estimate  all  the  results  of 
action  which  it  has  the  penetration  to  perceive.  First, 
then,  I  should  say  that  William  Laud  has  an  unfailing 
claim  upon  the  homage  of  English  Churchmen,  because 
he  did  much  to  fix  the  character  of  the  system  of  the 
English  Church.     Some  explanation  is  necessary  to 


4 


show  how  and  why  such  a  task  devolved  on  him  ;  and 
for  this  purpose  I  must  ask  you  to  follow  me  in  a  brief 
survey  of  the  actual  conditions  which  Laud  had  to  face. 
The  great  religious  movement  of  the  sixteenth  century 
produced  a  universal  change,  which  affected  all  countries 
alike.  It  marshalled  into  opposite  camps  tendencies  of 
thought  which  had  long  been  antagonistic,  though  the 
antagonism  had  been  humoured  or  suppressed.  It  swept 
away  the  dominant  theology  which  had  formed  the 
groundwork  for  the  abuses  which  provoked  revolt. 
Post-Tridentine  theology  in  the  Roman  Church  owes 
more  to  Luther  than  to  his  scholastic  predecessors  of 
the  fifteenth  century.  Everywhere  there  were  changes, 
and  it  was  difficult  to  foresee  the  final  settlement  in  any 
quarter. 

In  England  the  limitations  of  change  were  at  first 
clearly  defined.  They  were — abolition  of  the  Papal 
jurisdiction,  remedy  of  abuses  in  the  organisation  of  the 
Church  which  were  due  to  that  jurisdiction,  greater 
simplicity  and  intelligibility  in  public  worship.  These 
corresponded  with  the  fuller  development  of  that 
national  consciousness  whose  watchword  has  always 
been  "  England  for  the  English."  They  corresponded 
with  the  political  ideal  of  England's  position,  which  first 
took  a  definite  shape  in  the  hands  of  Wolsey,  and  has 
ever  since  prevailed  —  that  England  should  use  its 
natural  advantages  and  its  large  resources  to  act  as  an 
independent  arbitrator  in  European  affairs.  The  con- 
ception of  an  English  patriarchate,  quasi  alterius  orbis papa , 
was  as  old  as  Anselm,  and  was  almost  realised  by 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.  5 

Wolsey.  It  seemed  no  great  innovation  to  give  it 
practical  effect. 

But  when  change  is  in  the  air  it  is  impossible  to 
erect  barriers  beyond  which  it  may  not  pass.  The  reigns 
of  Edward  VI.  and  Mary  witnessed  two  forms  of  re- 
action, both  of  them  worked  by  a  small  party  from 
above,  neither  of  them  according  with  the  wishes  of  the 
English  people.  One  thing  only  was  obvious  to  the 
statesmen  of  Elizabeth's  reign — that  Romanism  meant 
the  loss  of  English  liberty  and  England's  subjection  to 
the  overwhelming  influence  of  the  Spanish  monarchy. 
But  in  England  itself  men's  minds  had  been  stirred  by 
alternate  persecutions,  and  partisanship  had  arisen  on 
both  sides.  Parties  had  unconsciously  formed  them- 
selves, and  corresponded  with  parties  existing  on  the 
Continent,  where  national  and  social  antagonisms  had 
assumed  a  religious  garb.  It  was  difficult  to  see  how 
the  conception  which  lay  at  the  root  of  the  English 
Reformation  was  to  be  realised,  an  independent  and 
united  England,  strong  in  its  union,  and  able  through 
its  strength  to  mediate  in  the  struggles  on  the  Continent 
and  produce  peace  by  the  example  of  its  own  moderating 
influence. 

We  miss  the  whole  point  of  what  actually  occurred 
if  we  do  not  recognise  the  existence  of  this  ideal,  which 
was  the  result  of  England's  past  experience.  England 
united  was  safe,  and  could  impose  its  will  gradually  but 
decisively  on  the  Continent  ;  England  disunited  was 
helpless,  and  became  the  scene  of  plots,  intrigues,  and 
passionate  animosities,  which  would  drag  it  into  Conti- 


6 


nental  warfare  as  a  feeble  ally  to  one  or  other  of  the 
contending  powers.  Religious  unity  was  felt  by  the 
wisest  to  be  a  political  necessity ;  no  sacrifice  was  too 
great  to  obtain  it.  The  best  hope  was  that  the  English 
people  would  accept  the  spirit  of  the  changes  made 
under  Henry  VIII.,  and  forget  after  a  little  time  the 
spirit  displayed  under  Edward  VI.  and  Mary.  If  the 
framework  was  securely  erected,  things  might  slowly 
adjust  themselves.  Hot  blood  would  cool  ;  opinions 
would  modify  one  another  ;  the  general  forms  of  public 
worship  were  such  as  all  men  might  readily  agree  to 
accept  ;  on  doubtful  points  of  practice  and  belief  there 
was  large  latitude. 

Such  were  the  hopes  of  the  wise  and  prudent ;  but 
it  requires  little  knowledge  of  history  to  know  that 
wisdom  and  prudence  play  a  very  slight  part  in  directing 
human  affairs.  The  motive  power  in  all  things  is 
generally  the  passionate  resolve  of  small  bodies  of  men 
to  have  their  own  way  because  it  is  their  own.  There 
was  a  sufficient  number  of  adherents  of  the  Marian 
Church  to  form  a  party,  which  intrigued  abroad  for 
Elizabeth's  downfall  and  the  subjection  of  England  to 
Spain.  This  party  had  little  hold  in  England  itself, 
where  Romanism  might  have  speedily  been  absorbed  if 
the  religious  settlement  had  prospered  as  it  was  hoped. 
But  the  returned  exiles  from  Geneva  had  adopted  the 
views  of  the  French  reformer,  and  strove  to  give  them 
practical  effect.  The  theology  of  Calvin  was  a  weighty 
contribution  towards  many  questions  which  had  been 
brought  into  prominence  in  recent  controversy.  The 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church,  7 

rulers  of  the  English  Church  regarded  it  with  sympathy, 
and  had  no  desire  to  prevent  its  free  discussion  or  to  limit 
arbitrarily  its  acceptance.  But  Calvin  was  not  only  the 
author  of  a  system  of  theology,  but  of  a  new  system 
of  Church  government  and  of  public  worship.  His 
English  adherents  were  not  content  to  hold  his  theo- 
logical opinions  ;  they  strove  to  impose  his  system  of 
worship  and  government.  They  denounced  Episcopacy; 
they  discarded  surplices  ;  they  objected  to  the  Liturgy  ; 
they  steadily  worked  for  the  purpose  of  imposing  upon 
England  the  Genevan  system  of  discipline. 

The  immediate  result  of  their  action  was  to  give 
force  and  vitality  to  the  old  form  of  worship.  Men  were 
not  unwilling  to  exchange  the  old  services  in  Latin  for 
those  modelled  on  them  which  were  contained  in  the 
Prayer-book.  But  in  the  face  of  the  agitation  set  on 
foot  by  the  adherents  of  Geneva,  what  security  had  they 
that  these  would  be  decently  performed  or  permanently 
retained  ?  If  England  was  after  all  to  submit  to  a 
foreign  yoke,  Rome  was  preferable  to  Geneva.  So  some 
argued ;  and  the  pardonable  hesitation  of  many  who 
were  not  interested  in  religious  controversy  deepened 
into  a  quiet  adherence  to  the  old  system,  which  at  least 
was  definite  when  all  else  seemed  shifting.  Thus  a 
Romanist  party  grew  up  in  England,  which  was  danger- 
ous, not  on  religious  grounds,  but  because  it  gave  an 
opportunity  for  political  interference  from  without. 

Thus  the  prospect  of  a  united  England  faded  away 
on  one  side.  The  question  still  remained,  How  could  it 
best  be  maintained  on  the  other  ?    There  can  be  little 


8 


Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


doubt  that  the  mass  of  the  people  were  satisfied  with  the 
Prayer-book.  But  there  was  a  minority  who  favoured 
a  more  radical  change.  This  minority  was  at  first  not 
so  much  strong  in  numbers  as  in  resoluteness.  It  did 
not  represent  popular  feeling,  but  consisted  of  earnest 
men,  many  of  whom  had  been  in  exile,  men  who  took 
orders  in  the  Church,  and  claimed  to  work  for  the  public 
good  according  to  their  own  convictions.  This  body 
•found  a  home  in  the  desolate  Universities,  where  they 
influenced  the  minds  of  the  young  and  built  up  adhe- 
rents. To  them  the  Prayer-book  was  merely  a  temporary 
makeshift — a  halfway  house  between  the  Romanism 
which  they  detested  and  the  Calvinism  which  they  soon 
hoped  to  establish. 

For  an  understanding  of  the  course  of  events  it  is 
necessary  to  remember  two  things  which  are  generally 
overlooked  or  misrepresented.  First  of  all,  the  Puritan 
party  were  not  struggling  for  toleration,  but  for  mastery. 
They  did  not  ask  for  wider  option  within  the  system  of 
the  Church,  but  they  wished  to  substitute  another 
system  for  it.  Every  point  of  concession  gained  was 
but  a  step  towards  a  new  demand.  Objections  were 
made  first  to  the  use  of  the  surplice,  then  to  the  liturgy, 
then  to  Episcopacy.  The  aim  of  the  objectors  was 
gradually  to  introduce  Lhe  Presbyterian  system.  The 
minister  was  to  be  approved  by  the  classis  ;  ceremonies 
were  to  be  gradually  dropped  ;  churchwardens  and  over- 
seers were  to  be  turned  into  elders  ;  the  Church  was  to 
be  administered  by  classical,  provincial,  and  general 
assemblies  ;  Bishops  might  remain  as  chairmen  of  these 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church,  g 


meetings  till  the  time  came  for  their  disappearance  ;  the 
liturgy  was  to  be  slurred  over,  and  the  congregation 
invited  only  to  a  sermon  prefaced  by  a  long  extempore 
prayer.  By  a  judicious  perseverance  in  this  policy  the 
Church  was  to  be  transformed  into  Presbyterianism. 
This  was  the  persistent  endeavour  of  the  Puritans  ;  it 
was  consistent  and  intelligible. 

A  second  point  to  notice  is  that  the  leaders  in  this 
movement  were  found  amongst  the  clergy,  particularly 
in  the  Universities.  The  Romanists  manifested  their 
hostility  by  withdrawing  from  the  Church,  organising 
themselves  apart,  and  looking  for  help  from  abroad  to 
bring  back  England  to  their  way  of  thinking.  The 
Puritans  entered  into  the  organisation  of  the  Church  and 
strove  to  change  it  from  within.  The  first  Nonconform- 
ists were  clergy  who  refused  to  conduct  their  services 
according  to  the  Prayer-book. 

It  was  this  fact  which  constituted  the  great  difficulty 
in  the  way  of  uniting  religious  feeling  in  England  on  a 
basis  which  would  give  unity  and  strength.  Religious 
questions  were  unfortunately  also  political  questions. 
England,  united  either  with  Romanism  or  with  foreign 
Protestantism,  would  have  sacrificed  its  independent 
position  and  would  never  have  emerged  into  the  England 
of  to-day.  If  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  was  the  great  period 
in  the  making  of  modern  England,  it  was  because 
Elizabeth  always  aimed  at  holding  a  mediating  position 
abroad,  and  husbanded  England's  resources  while  other 
countries  were  squandering  theirs  in  warfare.  Had  the 
Puritans  prevailed,  this  advantage  would  have  been  lost. 


io  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Taking  the  largest  historical  view,  I  think  it  must  be 
admitted  that  England  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  those 
who  upheld  its  struggling  Church.  We  may  admire  the 
zeal  and  the  conscientiousness  of  the  Puritans  ;  we  may 
own  that  they  contributed  valuable  elements  to  the 
national  character,  and  largely  influenced  for  good 
England's  subsequent  development.  But  we  must  say 
in  all  fairness  that  they  were  not  patriotic  in  their  early 
days,  and  that  their  endeavours  to  make  England  Calvin- 
istic  did  not  correspond  to  the  best  interests  of  the 
nation.  We  may  regret  that  their  excellent  qualities 
were  deprived  of  their  full  influence  because  they  were 
expressed  mainly  in  resolute  antagonism. 

Thus  the  English  Church  was  identified  with  the 
English  nation  alike  in  its  strength  and  in  its  weakness. 
The  Church  was  surrounded  by  powerful  foes,  organised 
on  a  definite  basis,  and  it  seemed  almost  impossible  for 
it  to  make  good  its  mediate  position.  The  English  State 
was  in  a  similar  position  ;  no  statesman,  except  Elizabeth 
herself,  thought  it  possible  for  England  to  stand  alone. 
Yet  Elizabeth  succeeded,  in  spite  of  overwhelming  diffi- 
culties. Church  and  State  alike  grew  into  a  conscious- 
ness of  their  mission,  of  their  capacities,  and  of  their 
inherent  strength. 

It  is  enough  for  me  to  suggest  the  close  connection 
between  the  two.  I  am  concerned  only  with  the  Church. 
There  was  the  system  corresponding  truly  to  the  needs 
of  the  nation's  life,  and  generally  accepted ;  but  the 
difficulty  was  in  working  it  efficiently.  There  was  no 
desire  on  the  part  of  the  authorities  of  the  Church  to 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.      1 1 


check  prematurely  theological  controversies.  Many  of 
the  Bishops  were  strongly  imbued  with  Calvin's  teach- 
ing. But  it  was  necessary  to  have  an  orderly  and  decent 
service,  in  which  all  might  join.  To  this  the  Puritans 
objected  :  they  would  have  no  remnants  of  the  past  ; 
they  could  not  work  in  fetters ;  they  would  be  con- 
tent with  nothing  less  than  the  system  of  Geneva. 
Episcopal  visitations,  admonitions,  and  injunctions  were 
powerless.  Ecclesiastical  authority  was  set  at  nought. 
Attempts  were  made  again  and  again  to  meet  the  demands 
of  the  Nonconformists :  ceremonies  were  explained, 
ritual  was  simplified,  trivial  matters  were  allowed  to 
assume  importance.  Every  effort  was  made  to  procure 
peace,  but  was  made  in  vain. 

This  period  of  experiment  to  discover  a  basis  of 
unity  compatible  with  the  maintenance  of  the  ecclesi- 
astical system  was  not  favourable  for  the  definite 
exhibition  of  the  system  itself.  Many  Bishops  were 
themselves  uncertain  how  far  they  might  go  in  their 
concessions.  The  country  parishes  were  often  ill 
manned ;  the  ecclesiastical  organisation  was  defective  ; 
there  was  much  disorder.  It  required  time  for  a  sense 
of  loyalty  to  the  Church  to  gather  round  a  genuine 
appreciation  of  its  system.  For  this  purpose  thought 
and  knowledge  were  necessary.  Amid  the  violent  utter- 
ances of  partisans  the  real  issue  was  obscured  ;  and  the 
lofty  aims  of  cultivated  piety  were  not  immediately 
attractive  in  a  time  of  discord.  But  it  was  through  con- 
troversy that  opinion  developed,  and  the  position  of  the 
Church  became  better  defined.    First  Jewel  stated  its 


12 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


difference  from  the  Roman  system  ;  then  Hooker,  with 
still  more  massive  learning,  fortified  it  against  the 
attacks  of  the  Puritans,  and  indicated  the  limits  of 
possible  concession. 

The  onslaught  of  Calvinism  gradually  died  away 
before  the  appeal  to  Christian  antiquity  and  the  history 
of  the  Christian  Church.  Whitgift,  as  Archbishop, 
could  exercise  stronger  discipline  over  the  clergy  than 
Parker  had  ventured  on.  Yet  Whitgift  was  content  with 
demanding  an  acknowledgment  that  the  Prayer-book 
was  unobjectionable.  He  asked  only  for  outward  uni- 
formity and  obedience  to  the  law.  It  was  unfortunate 
that  the  last  demand  was  so  convenient  in  its  form  ;  for 
it  suggested  a  mass  of  enlightened  opinion,  which  was 
not  convinced  by  argument  or  by  reference  to  strictly 
ecclesiastical  principles,  but  was  suppressed  by  a  system 
imposed  from  motives  of  public  policy.  However,  the 
influence  of  Calvinism  as  a  system  of  Church  Govern- 
ment and  discipline,  gradually  waned.  When  it  assumed 
a  merely  doctrinal  aspect  Whitgift  was  willing  to  make 
large  concessions.  It  was  for  wiser  heads  than  his  to 
see  that  the  theology  ol  Calvin  had  already  exercised 
its  due  influence  on  the  English  Church,  and  that  further 
definition  on  the  dubious  points  contained  in  the 
Lambeth  articles  was  not  desirable.  The  Hampton 
Court  Conference  emphasised  the  fact  that  Calvinism 
was  not  to  change  the  system  of  the  Church  ;  that  the 
Prayer-book  stood  the  test  of  Scripture  interpreted 
by  primitive  usage  ;  and  that  this  interpretation  was 
not  to  be  set  aside  in  favour  of  the  private  judgment 


L  aud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church .      1 3 

of  the  most  eminent  theologians  of  the  sixteenth 
century. 

During  this  period  the  system  of  the  Church  was 
constantly  on  the  defensive,  and  so  had  little  oppor- 
tunity of  putting  forth  its  full  strength.  There  was  a 
genuine  desire  to  make  it  suitable  for  the  whole  mass  of 
the  English  people.  Suggestions  for  this  purpose  had 
been  freely  made  and  fully  considered.  From  a  period 
of  controversy  emerged  the  conviction  of  essential  prin- 
ciples. It  was  the  old  Church,  freed  from  accretions, 
brought  back  to  its  primitive  form,  recognising  individual 
liberty  and  consequent  responsibility,  appealing  to  the 
head  as  well  at  to  the  heart,  with  Scriptural  reasons  for 
what  it  did  and  what  it  omitted.  All  this  became  in- 
creasingly apparent  to  the  new  generation  which  had 
grown  up  under  the  influence  of  its  services,  and  had 
caught  their  meaning. 

This  developed  consciousness  found  its  fitting  ex- 
pression in  the  formation  of  characters,  which  were 
avowedly  built  on  the  system  of  the  Church,  and  which 
set  forth  its  distinctive  features.  Controversy,  alas  !  is 
sometimes  inevitable  ;  but,  like  any  other  form  of  war- 
fare, it  is  in  itself  unlovely,  and  is  only  valued  for  the 
peace  which  follows  upon  it.  Pious  lives  are  more 
effective  than  learned  disputations  ;  the  still,  small  voice 
of  devotion  penetrates  farther  than  the  keenest  argu- 
ments. Bishop  Andrewes  was  the  type  of  a  temper 
which  was  powerful  among  the  clergy  ;  George  Herbert 
and  Nicholas  Ferrar  were  examples  of  its  influence 
among  the  laity.    Herbert  was  led  to  take  orders  at  the 


14  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


age  of  thirty-seven,  and  during  his  brief  pastorate  of 
three  years  was  a  model  of  devotion  to  the  duties  of  his 
office.  Ferrar  withdrew  from  public  life  that  he  might 
live  with  his  family  and  friends  in  an  atmosphere  of 
quiet  and  educated  piety.  These  men  had  common 
characteristics  :  they  were  lovers  of  peace,  they  were 
men  of  learning,  they  strove  to  form  their  lives  by  the 
practice  of  orderly  devotion,  they  loved  the  Church,  and 
strove  to  make  its  meaning  clear  by  scrupulous  care  for 
everything  which  could  make  its  services  intelligible  and 
attractive.  Cultured  devotion  and  spiritual  sweetness 
have  perhaps  never  been  set  forth  more  cogently  and 
persuasively  than  in  their  lives,  their  characters,  and 
their  writings.  They  indicated  splendid  possibilities  of  a 
religious  future,  which  had  been  the  dream  of  thinking 
minds  during  the  weary  century  of  debate  through  which 
Europe  had  disconsolately  passed. 

For  it  is  well  to  abandon  all  illusions  about  the 
sixteenth  century.  There  were  strong  men  ;  there  were 
powerful  minds  ;  but  there  was  a  dearth  of  beautiful 
characters.  A  time  of  revolt  and  upheaval  is  a  time  of 
one-sided  energy,  and  of  moral  uncertainty,  of  hardness, 
of  unsound  argument,  of  imperfect  self-control,  of  vacil- 
lation, of  self-seeking.  It  is  difficult  in  such  a  time  to 
find  heroes,  to  discover  a  man  whom  we  can  unreservedly 
admire.  The  Church  of  Rome  had  fortified  itself  against 
attack  by  the  Inquisition,  and  by  the  passionate  zeal  of 
the  Society  of  Jesus,  which  soon  degenerated  into  un- 
principled intrigue.  Calvin  raised  against  it  a  massive 
system,  which  bound  together  the  members  of  his  com- 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.     1 5 


munity  by  an  overpowering  sense  of  their  direct  depend- 
ence on  God  through  His  particular  election  of  each 
individual  soul.  Beside  these  two  great  systems  all  else 
seemed  inconclusive,  poor,  feeble,  and  doomed  to  failure. 
Yet  where  in  either  of  them  was  there  place  for  the  aspi- 
rations of  the  devout  scholar,  of  the  man  who  reverenced 
liberty,  who  believed  in  progressive  enlightenment,  who 
longed  for  an  intelligent  order  of  things  in  which  the 
Christian  consciousness  should  seek  for  spiritual  truth  ? 
It  was  not  merely  by  accident  that  the  great  scholar 
Isaac  Casaubon  ended  his  days  in  England,  made  happy 
by  the  society  of  Andrewes.  It  is  significant  of  the 
temper  of  the  times  that  the  Puritans  pelted  him  with 
stones  in  the  street  when  they  found  that  he  was  not  a 
partisan  on  their  side.  Still,  despite  this,  Casaubon, 
with  his  vast  learning  and  his  wide  experience  of  the 
Continent,  found  peace  for  his  soul  in  England,  which 
he  called  "the  isle  of  the  blessed."  In  it,  despite  all 
drawbacks,  still  lingered  a  reverence  for  knowledge,  a 
love  of  truth,  and  a  sense  of  the  problems  of  the  future. 

Now,  herein  lies  Laud's  claim  to  greatness,  that  he 
recognised  the  possibilities  of  the  English  Church,  not 
merely  for  England  itself,  but  as  the  guardian  of  all  that 
was  best  and  most  fruitful  for  the  future  of  religious  pro- 
gress. "This  poor  Church  of  England,"  he  said  in  his 
speech  upon  the  scaffold,  "hath  flourished,  and  hath 
been  a  shelter  to  other  neighbouring  Churches  when 
storms  have  driven  upon  them."  Laud  had  at  heart 
the  ideal  of  a  united  England,  with  a  Church  at  once 
Catholic,  Scriptural,  Apostolic,  free  from  superstition, 


i6 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


yet  reverently  retaining  all  that  was  primitive  ;  a  resting- 
place  for  all  men  of  enlightenment  ;  a  model  of  piety  and 
devotion  to  a  distracted  world  ;  strong  in  its  capacity  for 
mediating  between  opposing  systems  ;  full  of  the  zeal 
which  comes  from  knowledge  and  largeheartedness.  He 
saw  the  value  of  the  qualities  which  Andrewes  had 
quietly  and  patiently  expressed,  and  he  longed  to  set 
them  forth  universally  and  unmistakably  that  they  might 
do  their  work  in  the  hearts  and  consciences  of  men.  He 
had  a  clear  conception  of  the  mission  of  the  English 
Church,  and  his  one  aim  was  to  embody  that  conception 
in  its  system  with  clearness  and  definitenesss  which 
could  not  fail  to  be  convincing.  Hitherto  this  conception 
had  been  blurred  and  obscured,  had  slowly  found  its  way 
into  shape,  and  had  remained  in  the  background  amid 
the  din  of  contending  parties.  Laud  wished  to  make  it 
positive,  to  set  it  in  the  forefront,  and  rally  England 
round  it. 

There  are  two  things  which  must  be  kept  distinct- 
Laud's  conception  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  the 
means  which  he  took  to  embody  this  conception.  I  am 
endeavouring  to  judge  it  strictly  on  historical  grounds. 
The  questions  which  agitated  Laud's  time  still  agitate 
in  some  degree  our  own  day  also.  But  we  must  not 
suppose  that  they  wore  the  same  appearance  then, 
or  had  the  same  meaning.  What  Laud  had  before 
him  was  briefly  this :  the  attempt  to  substitute  the 
system  of  Calvin  for  the  system  of  the  Church  had 
failed  ;  but  Calvinism  was  still  strong  ;  and  there  was  a 
desire  on  the  part  of  politicians  to  make  such  a  religious 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.    1 7 


settlement  in  England  as  suited  general  convenience. 
Why,  it  is  often  asked,  did  not  James  I.,  Laud,  and 
Charles  I.  fall  in  with  this  suggestion  of  obvious  utility, 
and  allow  a  Church  which  had  room  for  all  ? 

There  is,  of  course,  the  answer  that  an  institution 
must  after  all  be  something,  and  that  there  are  limits  to 
latitude  of  opinion  which  no  institution  can  transcend. 
But  this  does  not,  I  think,  account  for  Laud's  attitude. 
He  was  a  statesman,  and  not  merely  a  politician.  He 
recognised  that  England  had  a  part  to  play  in  the  world, 
a  duty  which  it  could  not  refuse  to  fulfil.  He  saw  that 
that  duty  was  one  of  composing  differences,  of  mediating, 
pacifying,  and  influencing.  It  seems  to  me  that  this 
has  been,  and  still  is,  England's  great  contribution  to 
European  progress.  Sufficiently  isolated  to  be  able  to 
stand  aloof  from  foreign  politics  and  solve  her  own 
problems,  she  is  yet  sufficiently  near  to  be  receptive  of 
all  foreign  movements,  and  to  deal  with  them,  both 
practically  and  speculatively,  in  a  wise  and  deliberate 
way.  But  it  is  hard  for  any  nation  consistently  to  hold 
such  an  attitude,  which,  indeed,  can  only  be  realised  in 
great  crises  by  great  statesmen.  Elizabeth  in  a  time  of 
great  danger  and  difficulty  stood  alone  among  her 
Ministers,  and  directed  England's  course,  against  their 
judgment  of  temporary  expediency,  steadily  in  this 
direction.  For  some  time  she  alone  understood  the 
difference  between  an  English  Church  and  an  Anglican 
Church.  Owing  to  her  resoluteness,  there  was  time  for 
the  lesson  to  be  learned  :  and  Laud  was  the  first  who 
fully  apprehended  its  full  significence.     To  him  the 


i8 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Church  of  England  was  not,  as  it  had  been  to  his  prede- 
cessors, an  arrangement  for  expressing  the  religious 
consciousness  of  the  English  people.  It  was  a  system, 
instinct  with  life,  full  of  mighty  possibilities,  with  a 
world-wide  mission,  peculiarly  its  own.  He  asked 
England  to  take  this  view,  to  recognise  its  achievements, 
to  value  its  great  possession,  to  sink  minor  differences, 
and  put  forth  its  united  power  for  God's  glory.  The 
services  of  the  Church,  he  thought,  were  intelligible  in 
their  simplicity,  and  had  suffered  in  the  past  because 
they  had  never  been  suitably  displayed.  Let  them  only 
be  fully  and  fairly  performed,  and  they  would  of  them- 
selves attract  and  convince.  Men  would  soon  understand 
and  love  them. 

So  Laud  began  his  ecclesiastical  revival  with  care 
for  outward  things.  It  was  not  that  he  put  principles  in 
the  background,  but  he  thought  that  the  worship  of  the 
Church  was  the  best  form  of  teaching.  Argument  and 
controversy  had  done  little  ;  let  the  voice  of  devotion 
be  heard,  and  it  would  prevail  : — 

I  laboured  (he  says)  that  the  external  worship  of  God  in  this 
Church  might  be  kept  up  in  uniformity  and  decency  and  in  some 
beauty  of  holiness.  And  this  the  rather  because,  first,  I  found  that 
with  the  contempt  of  outward  worship  of  God  the  inward  fell  away 
apace,  and  profaneness  began  boldly  to  show  itself. 

There  was  a  second  reason  which  weighed  strongly  with 
Laud.  The  strength  of  Romanism  in  England  lay  in 
the  divided  condition  of  the  Church  : — 

I  could  speak  (Laud  goes  on)  with  no  conscientious  person 
almost  that  were  wavering  in  religion,  but  the  great  motive  which 
wrought  upon  them  to  disaffect  or  think  meanly  of  the  Church  of 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.  ig 

England,  was  that  the  external  worship  of  God  was  so  lost,  and  the 
churches  themselves  suffered  to  lie  in  such  a  base  and  slovenly 
fashion  in  most  places  of  the  kingdom. 

So  Laud's  desire  was  to  teach  men  by  the  eye  and 
by  the  heart  ;  to  set  before  them  the  quiet  dignity  of  an 
orderly  system,  and  let  its  teaching  gradually  sink  into 
their  minds.  He  enforced  uniformity,  not  because  uni- 
formity was  convenient  for  the  nation,  nor  because  it 
was  enacted  by  law,  but  because  it  was  necessary  to  set 
forth  the  strength  and  beauty  of  the  devotional  system 
of  the  Church  of  England.  Within  that  system  he  was 
prepared  to  allow  large  latitude  for  difference  of  opinion. 
He  had  no  wish  to  curb  liberty  of  thought,  but  he  aimed 
at  checking  what  he  held  to  be  disorderly  and  disloyal 
action.  There  was  the  Prayer-book.  Let  men  rever- 
ently perform  the  services  therein  prescribed,  and  let 
them  discuss  temperately  and  charitably  theological 
questions  in  a  scholarly  spirit.  Laud  was  always 
anxious  to  remove  difficulties  which  prevented  thoughtful 
men  from  taking  holy  orders.  He  was  satisfied  that 
Chillingworth  should  subscribe  the  Thirty-nine  Articles 
as  being  articles  of  peace — i.e.,  "  as  containing  no  errors 
which  may  necessitate  or  warrant  any  man  to  disturb 
the  peace  or  renounce  the  communion  of  it."  He  had 
no  fear  of  the  results  of  free  inquiry,  if  devotion  and 
reverence  held  the  first  place.  The  system  of  the  Church 
was  to  be  definite,  but  it  was  to  be  large,  sympathetic, 
and  liberal. 

This  in  outline  was  Laud's  ideal.  Even  those  who 
do  not  agree  with  it  may  at  least  admit  its  nobility,  and 

C2 


20 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


confess  that  it  was  a  worthy  object  to  absorb  the 
energies  of  an  ecclesiastical  statesman.  But  even  those 
who  agree  with  it  most  entirely  must  recognise  that  Laud 
was  wrong  in  the  means  by  which  he  tried  to  accomplish 
his  end.  Indeed  it  may  be  doubted  if  he  possessed  that 
first  great  quality  for  a  practical  statesman — instinctive 
sympathy  for  the  conditions  under  which  his  work  has 
to  be  done.  Laud  knew  what  he  wanted — that  in  itself 
gives  a  certain  claim  to  greatness — but  he  took  the 
readiest,  the  most  obvious  way  to  gain  his  end,  and 
scarcely  stopped  to  consider  how  he  could  work  most 
acceptably.  His  training  was  academic,  his  mind  was 
logical  ;  he  had  all  the  defects  of  a  purely  academic 
character.  He  lacked  personal  dignity  and  geniality. 
He  did  not  recognise  the  large  part  which  is  played  in 
popular  opinion  by  prejudice.  He  thought  that,  if  a 
thing  was  reasonable,  the  only  way  of  proving  its  reason- 
ableness was  by  enforcing  it.  He  was  conscious  of  his 
personal  limitations,  and  the  consciousness  seems  to 
have  depressed  him  instead  of  spurring  him  to  self- 
discipline  and  self-improvement.  Rarely  has  a  man 
displayed  so  much  activity  with  so  little  hopefulness. 
He  does  not  seem  to  have  felt  the  need  for  enthusiasm, 
and  he  did  not  kindle  it  in  others.  His  plans  came  before 
men's  eyes  in  a  mass  of  details  which  were  not  irradiated 
by  an  intelligible  principle.  He  treated  mankind  as  if 
they  were  children,  and  he  their  schoolmaster.  "  Do 
this  because  I  tell  you,  and  you  will  see  its  use  in  time," 
is  not  a  command  which  is  readily  obeyed  by  Englishmen. 
He  did  not  draw  the  line  between  what  was  of  primary 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.  21 


importance  and  what  was  trivial,  between  regulating  the 
services  of  the  Church  and  the  demeanour  of  the  wor- 
shippers. Men  might  recognise  the  desirability  of  the 
orderly  and  decent  performance  of  the  service,  of  the 
restoration  of  churches,  of  guarding  the  Communion- 
table from  profane  uses  by  removing  it  from  the  body  of 
the  church  to  the  east  end.  But  it  was  a  most  unde- 
sirable extension  of  authority  to  prescribe  specific  acts 
of  reverence  as  equally  applicable  to  all.  He  was  over- 
hasty,  over-punctilious.  He  was  proud  of  his  prodigious 
activity,  which  sometimes  degenerated  into  fussiness. 
He  made  men  feel  unquiet,  because  they  did  not  know 
how  much  farther  he  was  going.  He  was  not  content 
with  laying  down  great  lines  which  could  be  quietly 
filled  in  afterwards. 

But  more  than  this,  he  completely  identified  the 
Church  with  the  State.  He  knew,  to  quote  his  own 
words,  "  that  my  order  as  a  Bishop,  and  my  power  of 
jurisdiction,  is  by  Divine  apostolical  right,  and  unalter- 
able (for  aught  I  know)  in  the  Church  of  Christ ;  "  but 
he  took  no  other  view  of  his  right  to  exercise  his  office, 
either  of  power  or  jurisdiction,  than  as  derived  from  the 
Crown,  and  exercisable  according  to  law.  He  does  not 
seem  to  have  thought  of  the  paternal  jurisdiction  inherent 
in  his  office,  and  independent  of  anything  that  the  State 
could  confer.  The  loss  of  this  conception  did  more  to 
confuse  men's  minds  about  the  nature  of  the  Church 
than  any  of  Laud's  measures  did  to  make  it  clear.  His 
action  did  much  to  stereotype  the  view  of  a  Bishop's 
office,  as  an  executor  of  national  laws,  passed  through 


22  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


motives  of  expediency,  and  founded  on  other  than 
theological  reasons.  This  was  the  view  which  rendered 
Episcopacy  unpopular,  which  gave  strength  to  Non- 
conformity, and  involved  the  system  of  the  Church  in 
current  politics.  If  Laud  had  conferred  with  his  clergy, 
and  striven  to  guide  and  influence  them  by  the  authority 
of  his  episcopal  office,  if  he  had  exhorted  his  suffragans 
to  do  the  same,  his  revival  might  not  have  gone  so  far, 
but  it  would  assuredly  have  rested  on  a  firmer  basis.  It 
would  have  been  ecclesiastical  in  a  true  sense,  and  would 
have  associated  discipline  with  the  system  of  the  Church 
rather  than  the  laws  of  the  State.  If  the  Church  of 
England  claimed  to  refer  to  primitive  antiquity  for  its 
belief  and  practice,  surely  its  Episcopal  government 
should  be  carried  on  with  reference  to  primitive  methods. 
As  it  was,  Laud's  exercise  of  authority  was  an  anomaly. 

But  Laud  not  only  exercised  his  office  as  deriving 
its  power  from  the  State,  but  further  held  secular  office 
in  the  State.  This  was  one  of  the  great  evils  of  the 
mediaeval  Church,  a  fertile  source  of  abuses.  Yet  Laud 
shut  his  eyes  to  its  obvious  dangers,  and  believed  that 
civil  power  was  best  in  the  hands  of  Churchmen. 
Moreover,  the  work  which  Laud  had  set  himself  in  the 
Church  was  more  than  enough  for  any  man's  energies. 
He  could  not  carry  the  burden  which  he  placed  upon 
his  shoulders.  When  much  work  has  to  be  done  a  man 
is  bound  to  be  niggardly  of  his  time ;  he  becomes 
impatient  of  details ;  he  delegates  business  which 
he  considers  unimportant.  But  spiritual  work  is  all 
concerned  with  details  ;  and  he  who  would  work  for 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.  23 


God  must  learn  never  to  be  in  a  hurry,  must  curb  his 
natural  impatience,  must  remember  how  tenderly  God 
has  dealt  with  him,  must  regard  no  time  wasted  which 
composes  differences,  or  removes  scruples,  or  resolves 
doubts,  which  cheers,  consoles  or  convinces.  Laud's 
visitations  and  injunctions  depended  for  their  effect  on 
the  manner  in  which  they  were  carried  out.  If  their 
execution  was  committed  to  an  official,  who  was  only 
concerned  with  results,  they  were  sure  to  give  grievous 
offence.  If  they  were  done  hurriedly,  fretfully,  peevishly, 
they  were  not  likely  to  be  understood.  It  is  impossible 
not  to  admit  that,  as  years  went  on,  and  the  burden  of 
work  increased,  Laud  failed  in  temper  and  discretion, 
grew  more  arbitrary  and  less  hopeful.  He  was  grimly 
doing  his  duty,  sensitive  to  the  dislike  which  he  felt  to 
be  growing  around  him,  unable  to  avert  the  danger 
which  he  felt  to  be  impending. 

But  besides  its  effect  on  Laud's  own  character,  his 
position  as  a  State  Official  identified  the  Church  with  a 
policy  which  more  and  more  ran  counter  to  the  wishes 
of  the  nation,  and  strove  to  maintain  itself  by  methods 
which  raised  serious  opposition.  The  Church  under  his 
guidance  lost  all  chance  of  exercising  a  mediating 
influence  ;  it  seemed  to  be  an  integral  part  of  a  particular 
system  of  government.  Opposition  to  the  Government 
implied  opposition  to  the  Church,  and  the  Bishops  were 
regarded  as  the  mainstays  of  a  royal  dictatorship. 

We  know  the  disasters  that  followed.  It  is  needless 
to  speculate  if  they  could  have  been  averted.  So  far  as 
Laud  is  concerned,  they  only  emphasised  the  truth  that 


24  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


he  who  undertakes  to  do  God's  work  with  the  world's 
weapons  will  stand  or  fall  according  to  his  worldly 
prudence,  and  not  according  to  the  excellence  of  his 
intentions.  Laud  chose  to  work  through  power  rather 
than  influence  ;  his  power  failed  him,  and  he  fell  before 
his  foes.  That  they  were  relentless  and  pursued  their 
triumph  to  the  utmost  we  can  only  regret  for  their  own 
sakes. 

You  may  think  that  I  have  dwelt  unduly  on  Laud's 
errors  and  shortcomings,  that  I  have  not  made  allowances 
for  the  difficulties  of  the  time,  that  I  have  applied  too 
high  a  standard.  We  learn  more,  I  think,  from  con- 
sidering the  causes  of  men's  failure  than  of  their 
success.  The  great  question  about  great  men  is  not 
"  Why  did  they  accomplish  so  much  ?  "  but  "  Why  did 
they  not  accomplish  more  ?"  Is  not  that  the  question 
which  we  need  to  ask  most  diligently  about  ourselves  ? 
It  is  not  so  hard  to  have  a  noble  end ;  the  difficulty  lies 
in  working  it  out  by  worthy  means.  We  can  never 
learn  this  lesson  enough.  It  is  the  great  moral  lesson 
which  history  teaches,  and  only  when  this  lesson  is 
clearly  taught  does  history  teach  aright.  Laud's  con- 
ception of  the  Church  was  sounder,  larger,  more 
practical  than  that  of  his  opponents.  Events  justified 
his  wisdom.  Presbyterianism  was  tried  and  failed; 
independency  was  tried  and  failed;  efforts  at  ecclesi- 
astical combination  proved  to  be  impossible.  When 
England  again  had  to  consider  the  matter,  nothing  was 
vital  except  the  system  of  Laud,  which  was  practically 
accepted  at  the  Restoration.    It  was  after  all  the  most 


Laud's  Position  in  the  History  of  the  English  Church.  25 


possible,  because  it  was  the  most  intelligible.  Laud 
had  laid  down  its  main  lines.  The  Church  of  England 
was  part  of  the  Catholic  Church,  holding  the  Catholic 
faith,  maintaining  the  historic  Episcopacy,  dispensing 
the  sacraments  according  to  primitive  ordinance.  "  I 
die,"  said  Laud  in  his  will,  "  I  die  as  I  have  lived,  in 
the  true  orthodox  profession  of  the  Catholic  faith  of 
Christ,  a  true  member  of  His  Catholic  Church,  within  the 
communion  of  a  living  part  thereof,  the  present  Church 
of  England."  This  was  the  position  of  the  English 
Church,  and  nothing  subsequently  altered  it.  Com- 
promises might  be  urged  by  politicians,  but  nothing 
could  be  accepted  which  threatened  to  destroy  the  order 
of  the  English  Church  as  a  part  of  the  continuous 
Church  of  Christ.  This  was  the  original  basis  of  the 
English  Church.  It  had  been  passionately  attacked 
from  the  beginning.  It  had  been  inadequately  expressed 
in  practice.  Laud  asserted  it  clearly  and  definitely,  and 
showed  how  it  was  to  be  set  forth  and  what  it  involved. 
He  won  for  it  deep  reverence  and  profound  conviction, 
which  were  conspicuously  shown  by  Charles  I.  Had 
Charles  been  willing  to  abandon  the  Church,  and  give 
up  Episcopacy,  he  might  have  saved  his  throne  and  his 
life.  But  on  this  point  Charles  stood  firm  ;  for  this  he 
died,  and  by  dying  saved  it  for  the  future. 

Men  may  differ  in  their  opinions  about  the  form  of 
the  Church,  or  even  if  any  particular  form  is  necessary. 
But  amid  the  differences  which  they  see  around  them, 
they  may  at  least,  if  they  are  fair-minded,  agree  on  this — 
that  the  Church  of  England  has  discharged  a  special 


26  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


duty  in  the  Christian  commonwealth,  and  has  done  a 
work  which  no  other  organisation  could  have  done.  We 
who  are  its  faithful  children  have  boundless  hopes  of  its 
future  possibilities  for  doing  God's  work  in  the  world. 
All  may  combine,  without  any  sacrifice  of  their  own 
convictions,  in  recognising  what  Laud  did,  and  in 
admitting  the  services  rendered  since  to  God  and  man 
by  the  Church  which  he  maintained  at  a  crisis  of  its 
existence.  None  of  us,  however  much  we  may  be 
devoted  to  that  Church,  can  wish  to  be  mere  eulogists, 
or  even  apologists,  of  Laud's  policy  and  actions.  The 
cause  for  which  Laud  contended  is  too  precious  in  our 
eyes  for  us  to  associate  it  with  human  frailty  and  want 
of  judgment.  We  accept  Laud's  teaching  with 
gratitude  ;  we  admire  his  zeal,  his  devotion,  his  courage, 
his  conscientiousness.  We  commemorate  to-day  all 
that  was  great  and  noble,  all  that  was  lasting,  in  his  life 
and  character.  We  seek  the  heart  and  the  head  of  the 
man,  and  rejoice  in  the  clear  vision  and  enlightened 
insight  which  saw  and  claimed  the  fair  heritage  which 
is  ours  to-day. 


II. 


LAUD   AS   A  STATESMAN. 


The  Rev.  W.  E.  Collins,  M.A.,  Professor  of 
Ecclesiastical  History  at  King's  College, 
London. 


LAUD  AS  A  STATESMAN. 


"  Let  us  now  praise  famous  men,  and  our  fathers  that 

begat  us  such  as  did  bear  rule  in  their  kingdom, 

men  renowned  for  their  power,  giving  counsel  by  their 
understanding."  Such  is  the  text  which  Heylin  places 
on  the  title  page  of  his  famous  life  of  the  great  prelate 
to  whom  he  had  once  been  chaplain.  Not  even  Heylin 
himself  would  have  ventured  to  apply  to  him  the  words 
that  follow,  and  to  number  him  among  "  leaders  of  the 
people  by  their  counsels;  "  but  perhaps  the  majority  of 
Englishmen  in  Heylin's  own  day  would  have  felt  that 
the  preceding  words  were  eminently  applicable  to  him, 
and  the  great  bulk  of  English  Churchmen  continued  to 
do  so  for  many  years  afterwards.  Whereas  at  the 
present  day  they  are  probably  few  who  would  be  willing 
to  reckon  Laud  among  really  great  statesmen. 

And  yet  no  view  of  the  man  which  fails  to  consider 
him  in  this  aspect  can  be  more  than  a  very  partial  one. 
Certainly  statecraft  occupied  a  very  large  place  in  his 
thoughts ;  few  men  of  his  day  gave  it  a  greater  share  of 
attention  than  he.  It  is  true  that  he  was  nearly  fifty 
years  of  age  before  we  hear  of  his  being  employed  in 
any  business  of  state  ;  but  in  the  years  that  followed 
he,  if  ever  any  man,  "fulfilled  a  long  time."  It  is  true 
that  the  period  during  which  he  was  actually  in  power 
was  less  than  twelve  years  on  the  largest  estimate  ;  but 
no  mistake  could  be  greater  than  to  measure  his  influence 
by  this  period  alone,  important  though  it  was.  For  in 
those  days  far  more  than  now,  he  who  would  guide  the 


3° 


Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


conscience  of  princes  was  bound  to  be  ready,  not  merely 
to  inculcate  abstract  principles  and  to  regulate  private 
conduct,  but  to  give  definite  and  practical  advice  at 
every  emergency.    And  from  the  first  moment  that  he 
set  foot  at  Court,  if  not  before,  Laud  gave  himself  to 
the  study  of  affairs  of  state,  being  resolved  to  use  his 
influence  with  those  in  power  to  good  purpose.    And  he 
did  so.    There  might  be  cases,  no  doubt,  when  he  was 
not  consulted ;   very  important  affairs  were  at  times 
transacted  without  his  knowledge,  such  as  the  journey 
to  Spain  and  the  treatment  of  the  troubles  in  Scotland  ; 
but  from  the  first,  and  in  a  rapidly  increasing  degree  after 
the  accession  of  Charles  I.,  his  hand  is  again  and  again 
to  be  seen  behind  the  acts  of  those  in  power.    Now,  as 
the  Diary  informs  us,  it  is  by  his  advice  that  action  is 
taken  in  some  matter  having  momentous  consequences 
in  the  State ;  now,  as  the  papers  in  the  Record  Office 
reveal  to  us,  the  first  draft  of  a  Royal  Speech,  or  the 
reply  to  a  Parliamentary  remonstrance,  is  by  him,  or 
some  important  minute,  or  report,  or  pamphlet,  is  found 
to  be  sharply  and  carefully  annotated  in  his  familiar 
handwriting.  The  dislike  of  the  Court  party  for  him,  the 
personal  enmity  of  the  Queen  and  the  Papists  about 
her,  or  the  spasmodic  activity  and  constitutional  reserve 
of  the  King,  might  keep  him  in  the  dark  at  times ;  but 
even  if  his  influence  is  not  always  present  it  is  never  en- 
tirely absent  from  the  government  of  Charles  I.  After 
the  suspension  of  Archbishop  Abbot,  and  still  more  after 
his  death,  all  this  was  emphasized  by  another  considera- 
tion.   It  was  by  no  mere  convention  that  the  Archbishop 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


3i 


of  Canterbury  was  called  the  first  subject  of  the  realm, 
for  he  was  in  truth  something  more.  He  had  been  from 
the  very  earliest  times — from,  and  even  before,  the  time 
that  there  was  an  united  England — the  Spiritual  Father 
of  the  King  and  of  the  Kingdom,  with  an  authority  and 
weight  all  the  greater  because  it  was  undefined  and 
irreducible  to  any  mere  sequence  of  powers.  As  Arch- 
bishop, William  Laud  never  lost  sight  of  the  unique 
character  of  his  position  in  the  State ;  and  whether  for 
good  or  for  evil,  whether  he  exercised  it  well  or  ill,  no 
Archbishop  since  Cranmer,  at  any  rate,  has  realised  and 
magnified  his  office  in  this  direction  in  anything  like  the 
same  degree.  We  may  regard  the  character  as  beneficial 
or  the  reverse — and  the  irresistible  logic  of  events  showed 
that  it  was  rapidly  becoming  a  thing  of  the  past — but 
Laud  must  take  his  place  in  the  line,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  line,  of  great  political  primates.  He  ranks  with 
Dunstan  and  Lanfranc,  with  Thomas  Becket  and 
Hubert  Walter,  with  Langton  and  Winchelsea  and 
Wrolsey  and  Cranmer ;  for  Wolsey  must  not  be  left  out, 

although  he  never  occupied  the  throne  of  Canterbury. 

/ 

The  Bishop  of  Peterborough  told  us  last  week,  that 
if  we  would  understand  Laud's  position  in  the  history  of 
the  English  Church,  we  must  begin  by  realising  the 
circumstances  of  the  Church  as  he  found  it.  So,  too, 
if  we  would  understand  his  political  position,  we  must 
begin  by  realising  the  circumstances  of  the  State.  In 
the  latter,  as  in  the  former,  an  unavoidable  period  of 
crisis  had  come,  in  ways  which  we  must  now  trace. 


32  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


The  early  Stuart  kings  had  received  from  ihe 
Tudors  a  heritage  of  power  which  was  quite  out  of 
keeping  with  the  earlier  development  of  constitutional 
government  in  England.  This  had  arisen  from  a  variety 
of  causes.  The  fall  of  the  old  baronage  in  the  Wars  of 
the  Roses  had  removed  the  chief  counterpoise  to  the 
authority  of  the  King,  while  it  had  left  him  richer  by 
far  than  before.  And  the  new  nobility  which  arose 
in  their  place  consisted  of  men  who,  for  the  most  part, 
depended  entirely  upon  the  King  for  their  positions,  had 
received  most  of  their  estates  from  him,  and  were  sub- 
servient in  proportion.  A  new  mercantile  class  was 
arising  under  the  royal  protection,  which  was  soon  to  be 
almost  the  centre  of  gravity  of  the  nation  ;  but  it  was 
too  young  as  yet,  and  too  dependent  upon  the  King,  to 
be  really  powerful.  Accordingly  the  King  grew  greatly 
in  power  and  prestige,  and  was  king  over  these  estates 
in  a  sense  more  absolute,  perhaps,  than  ever  before. 
Then  came  the  religious  revolution  of  the  sixteenth 
century  ;  the  clergy  proved  to  be  powerless,  parlia- 
ment was  powerless,  to  liberate  us  from  the  tyrannous 
domination  of  the  Pope  in  matters  ecclesiastical  ;  and 
the  whole  nation  gathered  round  the  one  power  which 
was  strong  enough  to  do  what  was  necessary. 

The  abolition  of  the  papal  authority  in  England 
meant  the  culmination  of  the  royal  power ;  and  seeing 
that  they  were  a  line  of  kings  as  masterful  as  any  which 
ever  sat  upon  the  English  throne,  it  is  little  wonder 
that,  until  the  end  of  the  century,  the  Tudors  were  able 
to  do  practically  as  they  pleased,  so  long  as  they  com- 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


33 


plied  more  or  less  with  constitutional  forms.  Arbitrary 
control  of  the  ecclesiastical  order,  arbitrary  ways  of 
obtaining  money,  of  enforcing  the  royal  will,  of  doing  by 
letters  patent  what  would  naturally  have  been  done 
by  parliamentary  authority,  all  these  became  more 
and  more  prevalent.  When,  in  the  latter  years  of 
Elizabeth's  reign,  the  Commons  became  stronger,  the 
Queen  always  knew  just  when  it  was  necessary  to  give 
way  ;  and  owing  to  the  national  confidence  in  her 
wisdom,  her  power  was  really  increased  rather  than 
diminished  by  her  timely  concessions.  So  that  when 
she  died,  she  left  to  the  Stuarts  as  a  heritage  the 
tradition  of  almost  absolute  power.  Meanwhile,  with 
the  prevalent  reverence  for  things  un-English  came  the 
study  of  foreign  theories  of  government,  and  men  began 
to  regard  the  King  of  England  as  theoretically  above 
the  law,  and  to  impute  to  him  powers  and  privileges 
which  might  be  inherent  in  a  King  of  France,  but  were 
entirely  foreign  to  a  King  of  England.  After  this  it 
was  merely  a  question  of  growth.  A  noisy,  but  com- 
paratively small  band  of  learned  men  began  to  declare, 
from  their  study  of  foreign  theories  of  government  and 
sixteenth-century  theories  of  the  relation  of  the  King  to 
the  Church,  that  the  King  was  King  by  unique  Divine 
right,  and  that  he,  and  he  alone  among  laymen,  derived 
his  power  directly  from  God. 

Now,  Laud  was  no  theoretical  politician  of  this 
stamp.  Others  might  prate  volubly  of  the  Right  Divine; 
Cowell  might  speak  of  the  King's  absolute  power  to 
make  laws  without  the  consent  of  Parliament ;  Main- 


34 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


waring  might  say  that  "  if  any  King  shall  command  that 
which  stands  not  in  any  opposition  to  the  original  laws 
of  God,  nature,  nations,  and  the  Gospel  (though  it  be 
not  correspondent  in  every  circumstance  to  laws  national 
and  municipal),  no  subject  may,  without  hazard  of  his 
own  damnation  in  rebelling  against  God,  question  or 
disobey  the  will  and  pleasure  of  his  Sovereign."  Laud 
was  far  too  practical  to  lay  much  stress  upon  anything 
of  the  kind.  It  may  be  too  much  to  say,  with  Mr. 
Gardiner,  that  the  Divine  right  of  Kings  never  assumed 
prominence  in  his  mind  ;  for  we  shall  be  brought  up 
suddenly  by  Laud's  own  words  in  the  Sermon  at  the 
opening  of  Charles's  second  Parliament  :  "  The  King 
is  God's  immediate  lieutenant  upon  earth  ;  and  therefore 
one  and  the  same  action  is  God's  by  ordinance,  and  the 
King's  by  execution.  And  the  power  which  resides  in 
the  King  is  not  any  assuming  to  himself,  nor  any  gift 
from  the  people,  but  God's  power,  as  well  in,  as  over, 
him."  Or  again,  "The  King's  power,  that  is  from  God; 
the  judge's  and  subordinate  magistrate's  power,  that  is 
from  the  King.  .  .  .  All  judges,  and  courts  of  justice, 
even  this  great  congregation,  this  great  council  now 
ready  to  sit  [meaning  Parliament],  receive  influence  and 
power  from  the.  King,  and  are  dispensers  of  his  justice, 
as  well  as  their  own,  both  in  the  laws  they  make  and  in 
the  laws  they  execute  :  in  the  causes  which  they  hear 
and  in  the  sentences  which  they  give  :  the  King,  God's 
High  Steward,  and  they  stewards  under  him."  *  Thus 
he  was  far  too  much  a  man  of  his  time  to  be  otherwise 

*  Sermon  IV.  (  Works,  vol.  i,  pp.  94,  100). 


35 


than  profoundly  influenced  by  the  prevalent  political 
theories.  Still  he  was  quite  content  to  accept  whatever 
there  was  precedent  for,  and  never  to  go  beyond  it.  On 
no  single  occasion,  probably,  did  he  consciously  act 
against  good  Tudor  precedent,  or  what  the  judges 
assured  him  was  such  ;  not  only  so,  but  no  man  was  so 
careful  as  he  to  search  out  and  analyse  the  records,  that 
he  might  confine  his  action  on  the  King's  behalf  scru- 
pulously within  the  limits  which  this  authority  seemed 
to  allow  of. 

But  it  is  precisely  at  this  point  that  Laud  came  into 
hostile  conflict  with  a  political  tendency  nobler  than  his 
own.  The  absolutism  of  Tudor  Kings  was  nothing  less 
than  providential  for  England ;  it  did  for  us  what  nothing 
else  could  have  done.  But  none  the  less,  it  ran  directly 
counter  to  the  whole  course  of  the  natural  development 
of  our  constitution.  If  a  constitution  is  a  living  thing, 
as  it  should  be,  it  must  have  a  certain  natural  growth 
or  development.  For  a  constitution  to  remain  absolutely 
stereotyped  while  man,  civilization,  time,  all  advance, 
is  a  sign  of  decadence,  if  not  death  :  here  as  elsewhere, 
to  stand  still  while  all  else  is  moving,  is  to  go  backward. 
And,  in  a  word,  the  development  which  came  naturally 
in  our  constitution  involved  the  gradual  restriction  of 
prerogative  by  law.  In  early  days,  comparatively  few 
matters  were  the  subject  of  law,  while  most  were 
within  the  sphere  of  prerogative.  The  way  of  progress  for 
us — the  way  of  God's  guidance,  as  shown  by  the  course  of 
our  history,  if  we  believe  that  God  shows  us  His  presence 
in  history — was  by  the  gradual  increase  of  the  sphere  of 

D2 


56 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


orderly  law,  side  by  side  with  the  restriction  of  arbitrary 
prerogative.  And  this  development  involved  something 
more.  At  first  the  "  residuary  authority,"  so  to  speak, 
was  in  the  King  ;  when  circumstances  arose  which  the 
law  did  not  seem  to  provide  for,  the  King  was  the  natural 
person  to  make  what  provision  seemed  necessary. 
Gradually,  however — by  steps  often  incapable  of  being 
traced,  with  occasional  reactions,  yet  with  a  continuous 
course  which  is  now  obvious  to  all  who  have  eyes  to  see 
— gradually  the  prerogative  came  to  be  the  limited  thing. 
What  was  not  explicitly  included  within  the  royal  pre- 
rogative came  to  be  regarded  as  within  the  control  of 
Parliament.  And  a  change  had  passed  over  Parliament 
too  :  the  Commons,  who  voted  supplies,  had  grown  all 
unconsciously  to  be  the  most  important  part  of  Parlia- 
ment. It  was  this  which  Selden  meant  when  he  said 
in  his  pithy  way,  "  The  House  of  Commons  is  called  the 
Lower  House  in  twenty  Acts  of  Parliament  ;  but  what 
are  twenty  Acts  of  Parliament  among  friends?"* 
It  was  this  which  Pym  meant  when,  in  ever-memorable 
words,  he  called  the  House  of  Commons  "  the  soul  of 
.the  body  politic."  Of  course  it  is  very  true  that  this 
was  not  clear  to  all  Parliamentarians  of  the  day ; 
there  was  at  least  as  much  of  violence  and  selfishness 
and  lawlessness  on  the  side  of  the  Parliament,  as  on  that 
of  the  King.  Conflict  always  stirs  up  bad  passions,  and 
we  have  still  to  see  the  Revolution  in  which  good  and  evil 
shall  be  entirely  arrayed  on  one  side  or  on  the  other  :  and 
yet  here  as  elsewhere  God  uses  the  powers  of  evil  to 


*  Table  Talk  (ed.  Arber),  p.  38. 


37 


bring  forth  His  own  good  purposes.  It  is  true,  moreover, 
that  the  great  upheaval  was  largely  an  attempt  of  the 
powerful  Puritan  nobles  to  regain  a  privilege  which  was 
even  more  a  .thing  of  the  past  than  that  of  the  King 
himself.  And  when  all  is  said,  the  House  of  Commons 
was  rather  the  representative  of  the  substantial  yeoman 
and  the  comfortable  burgesses  than  of  the  great  mass  of 
the  people  ;  whilst  then,  as  at  other  times,  elections  could 
be  "managed"  in  particular  interests.  All  this  is  true; 
but  however  little  the  Commons  themselves  may  have 
seen  it,  the  fact  remains  that,  as  Mr.  Gardiner  says,* 
the  true  character  of  the  epoch  is  a  time  of  struggle, 
during  which  the  idea  of  law  was  gradually  evolving 
itself  in  the  midst  of  a  conflict  of  opposing  wills. 

All  this,  I  say,  is  clear  to  us,  or  most  of  us,  at  the 
present  day.  Even  if  we  have  not  seen  it  willingly,  facts 
are  too  strong  for  us :  we  can  only  say — 

Lead,  and  I  follow  ;  if  against  my  will 
A  baffled  rebel  I  must  follow  still. 

But  it  was  not  nearly  so  clear  two  and  a  half 
centuries  ago.  It  was  no  wonder  that  many  great  and 
good  men  could  see  nothing  but  lawlessness  and 
rebellion  in  the  attitude  of  parliament.  And  Laud  was 
one  of  them.  It  is  true  that  he  declared  in  his  trial 
that  he  was  "  ever  a  friend  to  parliaments,"  and  that  on 
the  scaffold  he  said  "  I  understand  them,  and  the 
benefit  that  comes  by  them,  too  well  to  be  "  an  enemy 
to  them.    He  was  ever  desirous  that  the  King  should 


*  Hist,  of  England,  ii.  77. 


38  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


govern  by  them  :  and  it  was  he  who,  with  Strafford, 
advised  the  summoning  of  Parliament  at  the  end  of  the 
eleven  years'  tyranny,  and  doubtless  often  before.  But 
I  fail  to  see  that  he  ever  meant  more  than  that  parlia- 
ments were  the  natural  and  the  most  proper  means  for  the 
administration  of  government,  and  that  if  it  was  impossible 
to  govern  by  them,  the  King  could  use  some  other.  To 
him  the  King  was  all-sufficient,  Heaven's  High  Steward  ; 
the  necessity  for  under-stewards  depended  upon  him, 
and  was  of  such  an  altogether  different  magnitude  as  to 
be  comparatively  immaterial.  The  King  was  to  him 
the  agent,  Parliament  merely  the  instrument  of  govern- 
ment. To  him  the  words  spoken  in  the  Parliament 
of  1628,  "  It  is  better  to  be  brought  low  by  foreign 
enemies  than  to  be  obliged  to  suffer  oppression  at 
home,"  must  have  sounded  ridiculous.  There  is  in  the 
Record  Office  a  speech  of  Sir  Benjamin  Rudyerd  made 
in  1628,  in  which  he  declares  that  it  is  the  destiny  of 
Parliament  by  degrees  to  regulate  and  restrict  the 
exercise  of  the  royal  prerogative.  Laud  has  appended 
observations  upon  this  speech,  in  which  it  receives  his 
unsparing  criticism.*  The  idea  of  any  change  in  the 
relative  importance  of  the  factors  of  government  is 
absurd  to  him  ;  and  naturally  enough,  the  England  of 
the  Tudors  is  his  archetype  of  the  Constitution. 
"  He  appealed,"  says  Mr.  Gardiner,  I  "to  the  law  and 
the  law  alone.  It  was  nothing  to  him  that  the  law  had 
been  drawn  up  half  a  century  or  a  century  before,  at  a 

*  State  Papers  (Domestic)  Vol.  cii.  No.  43.  {Calendar  1628-9^.92). 
t  Op,  cit.  vii.  113. 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


39 


time  when  the  temper  of  men's  minds  was  very  different 

from  what  it  had  become  in  his  own  day." 

We  must  of  course  remember   that  a  practical 

statesman  has  to  deal  with  the  facts  of  the  present.  It 

is  for  to-day  that  he  must  act :  whatever  may  be  coming, 

the  obligations  and  duties  of  the  moment  are  clear  and 

decisive.    And  we  must  remember  that,  in  any  time  of 

conflict,  there  are  sure  to  be  elements  of  good  lacking  as 

well  on  one  side  as  on  the  other.    It  would  have  been 

well  nigh  impossible  for  William  Laud  to  have  done 

that  great  work  for  the  English  Church  for  which  we 

return  thanks  to  Almighty  God,  without  being  what 

many  of  us  think  greatly  in  the  wrong  in  other  ways  ; — 

without  at  any  rate  holding  views  and  constitutional 

theories  which  are  now  things  of  the  past.  Whether  at  the 

Reformation  or  at  any  other  crisis,  many,  perhaps  most, 

of  the  noblest  and  holiest  and  truest  men  will  always  be 

found  to  support  the  old  order  of  things.    This  they  have 

tried;  they  know  by  experience  that  "hitherto  hath  the 

Lord  helped  them  ; "  all  their  dearest  memories  and 

most  sacred  associations  are  bound  up  with  it  ;  and 

whatever  other  ways  God  may  have  for  other  men,  this 

at  least  he  has  had  for  them.    They  do  well  to  hold  on 

fast  to  that  which  has  been  ;  for  continuity  is  essential  to 

true  life.    And  yet  they  who  are  wise  will  see  that 

The  old  order  changeth,  yielding  place  to  new, 
And  God  fulfils  Himself  in  many  ways. 

They  will  strive  to  discern  the  signs  of  the  times  :  they 
will  be  glad  if  need  be  that  in  the  words  of  Savonarola, 
the  car  of  Christ  should  roll  on  through  the  world, 


4° 


even  though  it  should  crush  them  in  its  course.  And 

Prophet  eyes  may  catch  a  glory  slowly  gaining  on  the  shade 

in  spite  of  all  the  storm-clouds  and  all  the  din  of  conflict. 

In  days  when  reverence  for  the  King  formed  such 
an  exaggerated  part  of  the  ideal  of  religion — when  the 
very  existence  of  the  Church  of  Christ  in  England  was 
held  to  be  almost  dependent  upon  the  form  of  govern- 
ment, it  were  little  to  be  wondered  at  if  few  Churchmen 
caught  the  real  meaning  of  the  political  struggle.  But 
we  may  not  forget  that  there  were  some.  When  in 
1628,  as  Rushworth*  tells  us,  "  one  Sibthorp,  who  not 
being  so  much  as  a  Batchelor  of  Arts,  had  the  Title  of 
Doctor  conferred  upon  him,"  had  preached  an  Assize 
Sermon  in  which  he  taught  the  plenary  legislative 
authority  of  the  King  and  inculcated  passive  obedience,! 
Archbishop  Abbot  stoutly  refused  to  license  its  publica- 
tion, as  being  contrary  to  the  constitution.  Again  and 
again  the  King  endeavoured  to  move  him,  but  in  vain  ; 
and  at  length  he  angrily  commanded  the  brave  Arch- 
bishop, then  lying  ill  in  bed,  to  leave  London  at  once  : 
whilst  directly  afterwards  the  order  followed  him  "  that 
he  meddle  no  more  with  the  High  Commission."  And 
if  it  be  thought  that  Abbot  is  no  fair  instance,  a  greater 
and  holier  than  he,  our  own  Bishop  Andrewes,  may  be 
quoted  to  much  the  same  effect.  According  to  the  well- 
known  story  told  by  Waller,  on  one  occasion,  as  Andrewes 
and  Bishop  Neile,  of  Durham,  stood  behind  the  King's 


*  Hist.  Collections  i.  281  (8vo  Edition), 
f  Quoted  in  Prpthero,  Const.  Documents,  p.  437. 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


4 1 


chair,  James  I.  asked  them,  "  My  Lord,  cannot  I  take  my 
suhjects'  money  when  I  want  it,  without  all  this  form- 
ality in  Parliament  ?  "  The  Bishop  of  Durham  readily 
answered,  "  God  forbid,  Sir,  but  you  should  ;  you  are 
the  very  breath  of  our  nostrils."  Whereupon  the  King 
turned  and  said  to  Bishop  Andrewes,  "  Well,  my  Lord, 
what  say  you?  "  "Sir,"  replied  the  Bishop,  "I  have 
no  skill  to  judge  of  Parliamentary  cases."  The  King 
answered,  "  No  put  offs,  my  Lord,  answer  me  presently." 
"Then,  Sir,"  said  he,  "  I  think  it  lawful  for  you  to  take 
my  brother  Neile's  money,  for  he  offers  it." 

Laud's  matter-of-fact  mind,  devout  and  reverent  as 
it  was,  had  no  place  for  this  prophetic  insight.  With 
matchless  devotion  to  duty  and  a  love  for  his  country 
which  carried  him  far,  he  allowed  himself  to  become  the 
minister  of  the  King's  tyranny.  That  the  period  of  non- 
parliamentary  government  was  a  tyranny  there  can  be 
no  question.  That  on  the  whole  the  country  was  well 
governed,  that  the  royal  impositions  of  taxation  caused 
no  great  hardships,  that  commerce  and  manufactures 
flourished,  that  England  became  respected  abroad  by  a 
foreign  policy  which  was  the  prototype  of  Cromwell's, 
that  there  was  no  armed  force  to  back  the  government 
of  the  King,  or  to  protect  even  his  own  person — all 
these  things  are  true,  but  they  are  nothing  to  the  point. 
It  was  a  return  to  arbitrary  government  all  the  more 
dangerous  because  a  velvet  glove  covered  the  iron  claw  ; 
and  Laud  must  bear  his  share — and  no  small  one — of 
the  responsibility.  But  in  common  fairness,  if  nothing 
else,  we  are  bound  to  remember  that  his  fault  was  only 


42  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


in  continuing  to  do  what  others  had  done  before  him, 
and  in  failing  to  discern  the  signs  of  the  times.  After 
the  Restoration  Laud's  plans  for  the  Church  prevailed 
at  once,  for  his  plans,  whatever  we  may  think  of  his 
methods,  embodied  the  highest  and  truest  spiritual  ideal 
of  the  English  race,  excepting  indeed  that  a  real  tolera- 
tion was  still  wanting.  The  Savoy  Conference  vindicated 
Laud's  ecclesiastical  policy  and  ratified  his  work  ;  and 
in  the  splendid  position  taken  up  by  the  English  Bishops 
there,  as  shown  by  their  own  weighty  words,  is  laid  the 
coping-stone  of  the  English  Reformation.  But  his  poli- 
tical aims  failed,  after  the  Restoration,  in  spite  of  every 
possible  advantage  of  time  and  circumstance,  simply 
because  they  did  not  embody  the  true  ideal  of  the  English 
constitution.  Laud,  like  every  other  man,  could  "do 
nothing  against  the  truth,  but  for  the  truth." 

The  same  fundamental  fault  which  marred  Laud's 
secular  statesmanship  is  to  be  found  likewise  in  his  admini- 
stration of  the  Church,  though  here,  fortunately,  it  is 
possible  to  separate  his  aims  from  his  methods  more  clearly. 
He  was  as  ready  in  the  Church  as  in  the  State  to  bring 
in  the  royal  authority,  and  to  do  by  its  means  what  should 
have  been  done,  and  could  have  been  done,  in  proper 
canonical  ways.  Laud  has  been  called  an  Erastian  :  the 
charge  is  in  no  sense  justified,  for  the  Church  was  never 
to  him  a  mere  department  of  the  State.  The  two  were 
indeed  mutually  dependent  ;  "  the  Commonwealth," 
said  he,  "could  not  flourish  without  the  Church;"  but 
he  never  for  a  moment  derives  the  authority  of  the 
Church  from  the  State.    It  is  not  accurate,  then,  to  say 


43 


that  he  completely  identified  Church  and  State  ;  for 
although  in  common  with  most  men  of  his  age  he  held 
that  the  Church  had  a  jurisdiction  in  secular  things,  he 
never  acted  in  the  Church  by  his  authority  as  the  chief 
minister  of  state,  or  vice  versa.  The  great  fault  is,  as 
before,  that  he  does  everything  by  the  royal  authority  : 
but  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  King  was  to  him 
a  sacred  personality,  with  a  real  authority  in  spiritual 
things.  And  it  was  the  King  in  this  spiritual  capacity 
whose  authority  Laud  made  use  of  on  every  possible 
occasion.  Here,  too,  Laud  had  the  whole  weight  of  the 
law  on  his  side.  According  to  the  law,  as  Mr.  Hutton 
points  out,  Convocation  looked  only  to  the  King,  and  was 
in  no  way  responsible  to  Parliament.  "  Elizabeth  pre- 
served the  power  of  the  legislative  assembly  of  the  Church 
unfettered  by  Parliamentary  control,  and  subsequent 
legislation  left  Convocation  legally  subject  to  royal 
authority  alone."*  According  to  the  law,  power  was 
vested  in  the  King  to  "  assign,  name  and  authorise  .  .  . 
"  such  person  or  persons  .  .  .  as  your  Majesty  shall  think 
"  meet,  to  exercise,  use,  occupy  and  execute  .  .  .  all 
"  manner  of  jurisdictions,  privileges,  and  pre-eminences,  in 
"  any  wise  touching  or  concerning  any  spiritual  or  ecclesi- 
astical jurisdiction  .  .  .  and  to  visit,  reform,  redress, 
"  order,  correct  and  amend  all  such  heresies,  errors, 
"  schisms,  abuses,  offences,  contempts  and  enormities 
"  whatsoever,  which  by  any  manner  of  spiritual  or  eccle- 
"  siastical  power,  authority,  or  jurisdiction  can  or  may 
"lawfully  be  reformed,  ordered,  redressed,  corrected, 

*  Hutton,  William  Laud,  p.  90. 


44 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


"  restrained  or  amended,  to  the  pleasure  of  Almighty  God, 
"  the  increase  of  virtue,  and  the  conservation  of  the  peace 
"  and  unity  of  this  realm."*  In  short,  the  King,  not  the 
King  and  Parliament,  was  the  legal  defensor  of  the 
Church.  Not  that  he  was  the  head  of  the  Church  ; 
the  Act  of  Supremacy  pointedly  rejected  any  such  idea, 
and  the  distinction  is  clearly  drawn  by  Selden  at  this 
very  time  :  "  There's  a  great  deal  of  difference  between 
Head  of  the  Church  and  Supream  Governour,  as  our 
Canons  call  the  King.  Conceive  it  thus,  there  is  in  the 
Kingdom  of  England  a  Colledge  of  Phisicians,  the  King 
is  Supream  Governour  of  those,  but  not  Head  of  them, 
nor  President  of  the  Colledge,  nor  the  best  Phisician."  f 
Cosin  was  no  less  clear.]:  In  his  conversation  with  Dr. 
Pleasance,  which  subjected  him  to  a  trial,  he  declared 
that  the  title  "  Supreme  Head  "  had  been  dropped 
because  it  was  capable  of  abuse,  and  that  the  meaning 
of  "  Supreme  Governor  "  was  that  he  might  "  by  his 
power  of  supreme  dominion  command  Churchmen  at 
any  time  to  do  their  office,  or  punish  them  for  the  neglect 
of  it.  .  .  .  External  co-action  .  .  .  whereby  men  were 
forced  to  obey  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Church,  was  only 
from  the  King ;  but  the  power  of  spiritual  jurisdiction 
itself  was  from  Christ,  who  had  given  it  to  His  apostles, 
and  they  to   their  successors  by  ordination."  §  But 

*  i  Elizabeth,  cap.  i.  §  8. 
f  Table  Talk  (ed.  ArberJ,  p.  61. 
\  Quoted  in  Gardiner  vii.  47. 
§  Laud's  Statement  in  the  Speech  against  Prynne,  Bastwick, 
and  Burton  (Gardiner  viii.  230),  is  worthy  of  careful  comparison. 
"  Though  our  office  be  from  God  and  Christ  immediately,  yet  may 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


45 


this  distinction  King  and  Archbishop  alike  seem 
incapable  of  preserving,  at  any  rate  in  practice.  In 
the  "Declaration  prefixed  to  the  Articles"  composed 
by  Laud  himself  in  November,  1628,  and  still  pre- 
fixed to  them,  the  function  of  the  Supreme  Governor 
is  stated  clearly  enough  :  "  We  hold  it  most  agreeable 
to  this  our  kingly  office  ...  to  conserve  and  maintain 
the  Church  committed  to  our  charge  in  the  unity  of  true 
religion  and  the  bond  of  peace."  Elsewhere,  however, 
things  are  very  different.  From  the  time  that  Laud 
became  Archbishop,  he  was  required  to  furnish  to  the 
King  every  year  an  account  of  the  state  of  his  province, 
based  upon  the  accounts  of  their  several  dioceses  fur- 
nished by  the  Bishops  to  himself.  These  "Accounts 
of  his  Province"  were  returned  to  the  Archbishop  with 
marginal  notes  in  the  King's  own  hand ;  and  Laud, 
methodical  to  the  smallest  detail,  carefully  endorsed  and 
preserved  them  all.  They  are  not  pleasant  reading : 
they  read  for  all  the  world  like  the  accounts  of  a  steward 
to  his  master,  with  that  master's  directions  upon  them. 
The  Bishop  of  Rochester  complains,  says  Laud,  that 
the  Cathedral  Church  suffers  from  want  of  glass  in  the 
windows,  and  that  the  churchyard  lies  very  indecently, 
and  the  gates  down  :  "  This  must  be  remedied,"  writes 
the  King  in  the  margin,  "  one  way  or  other ;  concerning 
wch  I  expect  a  particular  account  of  you."    "  I  conceive, 

we  not  exercise  that  power,  either  of  order  or  jurisdiction,  but 
as  God  hath  appointed  us ;  that  is,  not  in  His  Majesty's  or  any 
Christian  King's  Kingdoms,  but  by  and  under  the  power  of  the  King 
given  us  so  to  do."  King  Charles  was  so  much  pleased  with  this 
definition  that  he  caused  it  to  be  published  throughout  the  Kingdom. 


46  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


under  favour,"  writes  Laud,  "  that  the  Dutch  Churches 
in  Canterbury  and  Sandwich  are  great  nurses  of  incon- 
formity  in  these  parts."  "  Put  mee  in  mynd  of  this  at 
some  convenient  tyme,  when  I  am  at  councell,  and  I 
shall  redress  it."  "  In  Norwich  diocese,  one  Mr.  Bridge, 
rather  than  he  would  conform,  hath  left  his  lecture  and 
two  cures,  and  is  gone  into  Holland."  "  Let  him  goe," 
says  the  King  :  "  wee  ar  well  ridd  of  him."  "From  the 
Bishops  of  Lichfield  and  Gloucester,  I  have  not  received 
any  certificates."  "Call  for  them,"  says  King  Charles.* 
And  this  is  but  an  illustration,  though  a  striking 
one,  of  what  was  going  on  constantly.  Recourse  was 
had  to  the  royal  authority  on  every  occasion.  The  Court 
of  High  Commission  had  of  course  been  in  operation 
long  before,  but  its  work  was  multiplied  by  constant 
cases  which  should  have  been  settled  by  the  ordinary 
ecclesiastical  jurisdiction.  Strange  that  one  who  vindi- 
cated the  right  of  a  Metropolitan  to  visit  his  Province, 
and  the  right  of  the  Primate  of  all  England  to  visit 
both  Universities,  should  have  so  acted  that  men  could 
not  but  think  that  all  his  action  tended  to  confuse 
Church  and  State  !  It  is  only  too  true  that  what  he 
built  up  with  one  hand  he  pulled  down  with  the  other  ; 
that  by  obscuring  the  conception  of  the  paternal  jurisdic- 
tion inherent  in  his  office  "he  did  more  to  confuse  men's 
minds  about  the  nature  of  the  Church  than  any  of  his 

*  "I  cannot  condemn  Cranmer  wholesale  for  his  Erastian  sub- 
serviency to  the  Sovereign,  when  I  see  Laud  rendering  his  yearly 
accounts  to  King  Charles,  pretty  much  as  a  Roman  Primate  might 
to  the  Pope." — R.  Owen,  Institutes  of  Canon  Law,  p.  xxviii.  cf  p.  xv. 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


47 


measures  did  to  make  it  clear."  If  his  motives  were 
misunderstood,  if  he  was  hated  and  dreaded  as  a  foe  to 
liberty  and  a  troublesome  bigot,  he  himself  was  largely 
the  cause  of  it  :  and  the  retribution  which  overtook  him 
ultimately  was  to  some  extent  of  his  own  making. 

But  it  is  time  to  consider  his  administration,  both 
civil  and  ecclesiastical,  in  greater  detail.  If  he  must  bear 
his  share  of  responsibility  for  what  followed,  at  least  he 
compares  very  favourably  with  any  other  man  of  his  day. 
The  late  Professor  Thorold  Rogers,  in  his  Essay  on 
Laud,  strangely  says  "  Williams  would  have  been  an 
incomparably  wiser  councillor  than  Laud."  The  state- 
ment cannot  be  accepted  for  a  moment.  It  may  be  that 
he  "  would  never  have  advised  these  violent  and  repres- 
sive measures,  which  only  pent  up  the  forces  under 
which  King,  aristocracy,  Church  and  Liturgy  were  over- 
whelmed at  last."  But  all  Hacket's  attractive  special 
pleading  and  all  Stanley's  magnificent  word-painting 
leave  the  impression  of  Williams's  baseness  as  fixed  as 
ever.  "  He  had,"  says  Mr.  Gardiner,  "  nothing  of  the 
clergyman  but  the  name."  His  self  seeking — a  common 
enough  fault  in  his  age  and  every  age — is  too  apparent 
for  any  disguise  to  be  attempted.  The  clearest  evidence 
convicts  him  of  actual  crime.  His  is  the  unenviable 
honour  of  having  suggested  to  the  King,  who  accepted  it 
basely  enough,  the  base  expedient  for  consenting  to 
Strafford's  death  by  distinguishing  between  his  public  and 
his  private  conscience.  All  men  distrusted  him,  and  the 
Puritan  Lord  Say  and  Sele  could  find  nobody  to  compare 
him  with  but  Judas  who  betrayed  his  Lord.    It  is  abso- 


48  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


lutely  inconceivable  that  he  could  have  succeeded  in 
making  unity  where  Laud  failed.  Nor  could  any  other 
have  taken  his  place.  The  good  and  gentle  Bishop 
Juxon,  the  Treasurer  who  would  never  make  a  joke  or 
take  a  bribe,  showed  admirable  diligence  and  a  wonderful 
aptitude  for  careful  economy,  but  he  was  wholly  unfitted 
to  be  the  King's  chief  adviser.  Strafford,  the  brave  and 
chivalrous  friend  of  Laud,  with  whom  he  corresponded 
constantly,  was  already  doing  his  utmost,  while  the 
Cottingtons  and  the  Windebankes  and  other  courtiers 
could  do  little  but  amass  fortunes  and  titles  and  quarrel 
among  themselves,  thus  doing  almost  as  much  to  impede 
the  great  champions  of  "  Thorough "  as  Pym  and 
Hampden  did.  "  I  am  alone,"  Laud  writes  sadly  to 
Strafford,  "in  those  things  which  draw  not  private  profit 
after  them."*  If  Laud  did  not  succeed,  the  King  had 
nobody  else,  nor  had  the  Parliament,  who  was  likely  to 
succeed. 

From  the  first  Laud  was  never  really  happy  as  a 
minister.  At  Oxford  he  had  been  almost  an  ideal 
head  ;  his  rule  had  been  strict  yet  conciliatory,  mild 
yet  searching.  He  was  to  be  almost  an  ideal  Chancellor, 
doing  for  his  university  what  no  other  single  man  did  or 
could  ever  have  done.  It  might  have  been  expected  that 
he  would  succeed  equally  well  in  state  affairs.  That  he 
did  not  is  perhaps  in  some  measure  to  be  attributed 
to  the  very  qualities  which  had  stood  him  in  such  good 
stead  at  the  university.  To  the  end  of  his  life  Laud 
was  very  much  of  a  college  don.  He  has  been  com- 
pared to  a  fussy  but  well-meaning  college  dean,  with  a 


*  Works,  vii.  171. 


Land  as  a  Statesman. 


49 


real  zeal  for  reformation  ;  and  the  comparison  is  in  some 
ways  a  very  apt  one.  He  failed  simply  because  a 
kingdom  is  a  larger  thing  than  a  college.  In  the  com- 
paratively narrow  circle  of  the  one,  a  strong  personality 
is  able  to  impress  itself  upon  the  whole  body  and  stereo- 
type itself  by  the  sheer  force  of  its  own  individuality. 
But  in  the  larger  unity  the  will  of  the  whole  body  has 
freer  play,  and  the  single  personality  cannot  diffuse  itself 
universally.  It  is  still  possible,  no  doubt,  to  stamp  out 
individuality  ;  but  the  attempt  if  made  is  far  more  likely 
to  result  in  provoking  a  reaction  of  the  most  destructive 
type ;  and  so  it  did  here.  The  Archbishop  grappled 
manfully  with  the  vast  mass  of  public  business,  keeping 
all  that  he  could  in  his  own  hands,  because  he  could  not 
trust  others  to  do  thoroughly  what  had  to  be  done. 
Most  things  had  to  receive  the  King's  express  sanction  ; 
and  this  was  none  too  easy  to  obtain,  seeing  that  Charles 
was  very  suspicious,  and  the  Queen  and  the  courtiers 
and  intriguers  were  for  ever  besieging  his  ear.  It  is  not 
to  be  wondered  at  that  the  Archbishop,  whose  mind 
naturally  embraced  a  vast  number  of  details  rather  than 
general  principles,  displeased  people  by  his  fussy  manner, 
or  that  the  old  man's  temper  gave  way  at  times.  The 
diary  begins  to  tell  of  late  nights  of  work  and  exceeding 
weariness,  as  is  only  natural.  It  is  piteous  to  notice  the 
increasing  forebodings  of  disaster  ;  but  they  never  caused 
him  to  flinch  from  his  task.  And  certainly,  in  spite  of 
failures,  there  is  much  that  is  very  fine  in  his  administra- 
tion of  affairs,  when  we  overlook  the  fundamental  blot 
upon  it,  that  it  was  an  organised  tyranny. 

Laud  has  had  to  endure  an  unreasoning  obloquy  for 


50  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


profaning  Sunday  by  the  publication  of  the  Declaration 
of  Sports,  and  this  from  persons  who  in  the  same  breath 
denounce  his  narrow  bigotry.  It  is  well  to  recall  the 
circumstances.  A  Puritan  confusion  of  the  Christian 
Sunday  with  the  Jewish  Sabbath  had  caused  the  cessa- 
tion in  some  parts  of  the  country,  by  the  arbitrary 
direction  of  the  judges,  of  those  comely  and  regulated 
sports  which  English  people  had  made  use  of  time  out 
of  mind  after  the  close  of  the  Sunday  services.  It  was 
no  question  of  labour  on  the  Sunday  :  the  Church  had 
been  from  the  earliest  times  the  means  of  preventing 
Sunday  labour — and  in  fact  by  obtaining  from  Cnut 
the  law*  that  no  work  was  to  be  done  between 
None  on  Saturday  and  Prime  on  Monday,  it  was  the 
Church  which  in  the  first  instance  provided  for  all 
who  labour  the  Saturday  half-holiday.  It  was  simply 
a  question  of  recreation — of  getting  rid  of  that  mis- 
chievous period  of  idle  loafing  after  service,  the 
occasion  of  so  much  evil,  which  most  country  parsons 
have  to  deplore  to  this  day.  It  put  compulsion  on 
nobody,  but  vindicated  for  the  poor  an  immemorial  right. 
"  Our  dear  father  of  blessed  memory,"  says  the  Declara- 
tion, ..."  found  that  his  subjects  were  debarred  from 
"  lawful  recreations  upon  Sunday  after  evening  prayers 
"  ended,  and  upon  Holy  Days ;  and  he  prudently  con- 
"  sidered  that,  if  these  times  were  taken  from  them,  the 
"  meaner  sort  who  labour  all  the  week  should  have  no 
"  recreation  at  all  to  refresh  their  spirits."  And  it  goes  on 
to  say  that,  in  order  to  vindicate  the  freedom  of  all 


*  Laws  of  Cnut  No.  15  (Schmidt,  Gesetze  262). 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


5i 


worshippers  after  Evening  Service,  "  no  lawful  recreation 
"  shall  be  barred  to  our  good  people,  which  shall  not  tend 
"  to  the  breach  of  our  aforesaid  laws  and  canons  of  our 
"  Church."  So  far  from  interfering  with  worship,  a 
special  provision  bars  from  this  benefit  and  liberty  "  all 
"  such  known  Recusants,  either  men  or  women,  as  will 
"  abstain  from  coming  to  Church  or  Divine  Service,  being 
"  therefore  unworthy  of  any  lawful  recreation  after  the 
"  said  service,  that  will  not  come  to  the  Church  and  serve 
"  God  ;  prohibiting  in  like  sort  the  said  recreations  to  any 
"  that,  though  they  conform  in  religion,  are  not  present  in 
"  the  Church  at  the  Service  of  God,  before  their  going  to 
"the  said  recreations."*  At  his  Trial,  the  publication  of 
the  Declaration  formed  one  of  the  charges  against  Laud ; 
and  the  answer  is  notable,  t  He  himself  had  ever  kept 
the  day  carefully,  while  vindicating  liberty  for  others — 
"  For  the  day,  I  ever  laboured  that  it  might  be  kept  holy, 
but  yet  free  from  a  superstitious  holiness."  He  defended 
himself  by  adducing  the  practice  of  Geneva  itself, 
where  "  after  evening  prayer,  the  elder  men  bowl,  and 
the  younger  train."  And,  he  adds,  "  What  time  of  the 
day  fit,  if  not  after  evening  prayer  ?  And  what  rest  is 
there  for  able  young  men,  if  they  may  use  no  recreation  ?  " 
As  he  says  later  on,  "  Well  I  pray  God  keep  us  in  the 
mean,  in  this  business  of  the  Sabbath,  that  we  run  not 
into  a  Jewish  superstition  while  we  seek  to  shun  pro- 
faneness."{    Laud's  view  of  the  meaning  of  the  Fourth 

*  Declaration  of  Sports  ((lardiner  Const.  Documents,  p.  31  f). 
t  Hist,  of  Troubles  (Works  IV.  252). 
I  lb.  255. 

E2 


52 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Commandment  for  Christian  men  was  vindicated  by  the 
Fathers  at  the  Savoy  Conference,  when  they  insisted 
that  it  was  paraphrased  in  the  Catechism  by  "and  serve 
Him  truly  (not  one  day  in  seven  but)  all  the  days  of  my 
life.""  The  Puritan  Sabbath,  however,  was  very  strong, 
and  survived  for  two  hundred  years  more;  and  it  is 
only  too  much  to  be  feared  lest  the  reaction  against  it 
may  be  now  leading  to  an  almost  irreligious  keeping  of 
the  Day  of  the  Lord. 

The  Archbishop's  action  in  the  matter  of  the 
Declaration  (for  he  never  denied  that  it  was  really  bis 
work)  is  on  a  line  with  his  well-known  care  and  thought- 
fulness  for  the  poor  at  all  times.  His  successful  inter- 
ference in  the  Lord  Mayor's  Court  on  behalf  of  a  poor 
apple-woman  accused  of  selling  apples  on  Sunday  is 
famous.  "  As  I  went  to  my  barge"  [on  the  way  to  the 
Tower]  writes  the  Archbishop  in  his  Diary,  "  hundreds 
of  my  poor  neighbours  stood  there,  and  prayed  for  my 
safety,  and  return  to  my  house.  For  which  I  bless  God 
and  them."  The  long  list  in  his  Will  of  benefactions  to 
the  poor  of  the  "  places  to  which  I  have,  or  formerly 
had,  reference,"  speaks  no  less  clearly  ;  and  perhaps 
most  touching  of  all  is  an  entry  in  the  Churchwardens' 
Accounts  of  Allhallows  Barking,  on  January  12,  1644-5 
(two  days  only  after  Laud's  death)  "  Rec'J  of  the  late 
Archbpp.  of  Canterberry's  Gentn  for  ye  poore,  2/.  10s." 

But  Mr.  Simpkinson  has  been  able  to  show  that 

*  "  The  Answer  of  the  Bishops  to  the  Exceptions  of  the  Ministers." 
Of  the  Catechism  ;j  4  [Documents  relating  to  the  Settlement  of  the 
Church  of  England  by  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  p.  169]. 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


53 


Laud's  care  for  the  poor  was  of  a  wider  and  more 
statesmanlike  character.  There  is  a  sudden  accession  of 
carefulness  on  behalf  of  the  people  at  large  during  the 
period  of  Tyranny  which  can  be  traced  to  none  other 
than  the  good  Archbishop  who  had  learned  their  needs 
in  his  country  parishes,  and  whose  Diary  is  so  eloquent 
a  testimony  to  his  thoughtfulness  for  the  people  from 
whose  ranks  he  had  sprung.  Care  is  taken  to  prevent 
the  spreading  of  the  plague,  and  provision  made  for  the 
relief  of  those  who  were  impoverished  by  it.*  Attempts 
were  made  to  meet  the  evils  of  overcrowding,!  and 
proclamations  were  issued  which  call  to  mind  the 
Building  Acts  of  the  present  day,  forbidding  the  building 
of  houses  with  overhanging  stories,  or  with  rooms 
below  a  certain  height.  Measures  are  taken  to  frustrate 
what  we  may  call  a  comer  in  wheat  ;  here  is  Rush- 
worth's  account  of  it : — "  Several  merchants  and  others 
having  hoarded  up  corn  to  enhance  the  price  thereof, 
and  get  false  rumours  spread  of  great  Transportation 
of  corn  licensed  by  authority,  the  King  by  his  Pro- 
clamation dated  Sept.  30  declar'd  the  said  Rumours  to 
be  false  and  scandalous,  and  prohibited  for  one  year  the 
Transportation  of  any  corn  or  grain."]  And  at  the  same 
time  measures  were  taken  to  prevent  the  raising  of  the 
price  of  corn  in  the  London  Markets,  and  to  enforce  the 
eating  of  fish  in  Lent  as  a  means  of  encouraging  the 
fisheries.  A  striking  instance  of  the  same  kind  is  the  re- 
issuing of  a  proclamation  of  James  I.  forbidding  the  sale 

*  Gard'iier  VII.  160  f.  f  Simpkinson's  Laud,  p.  106  f. 

;  Vol.  II.  (Octavo  Edition)  119. 


54 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


of  weapons  to  savages  in  New  England.*  Care  was 
taken  for  the  improvement  of  criminals,  the  training  of 
children,  the  apprenticing  of  boys  whose  parents  could 
not  give  them  a  proper  start  in  life :  regulations  were 
made  for  the  proper  payment  of  workmen  in  the  employ 
of  the  State,  and  of  seamen  pressed  into  the  navy.t 
A  commission  was  issued  for  the  relief  of  poor  debtors, 
who  were  very  badly  treated  for  long  after  this  period ; 
and  another  to  see  that  the  laws  for  the  relief  of  the  poor 
were  duly  carried  out.]: 

Now,  no  doubt  these  social  plans  of  Laud  were  not 
all  of  the  wisest  kind.  Economics  can  hardly  be  con- 
sidered to  have  existed  till  the  days  of  Sir  William 
Petty ;  and  it  is  likely  enough  that  many  of  these  plans 
only  resulted  in  increasing  the  evils  against  which  they 
were  aimed.  If  so,  all  that  need  be  said  is  that  the  same 
thing  is  true  of  many  similar  schemes,  right  down  to 
our  own  day.  But  the  fact  remains  that  the  large- 
hearted  primate  had  views  and  ideas  much  in  advance 
of  his  time ;  the  good  of  the  people  at  large  occupied 
a  place  in  his  thoughts  immeasurably  greater  than  in 
those  of  any  contemporary  statesman.  And  least  of  all 
can  his  political  opponents  compare  with  him  in  this 
respect.  Laud  deserves  to  be  commemorated,  as, 
among  other  things,  a  true  fore-runner  of  social  leaders 
of  our  own  day.  To  him,  at  any  rate,  a  man  is  a  man, 
and  no  man  can  be  more:  the  great,  the  rich,  the  edu- 
cated, had  no  hope  of  favour  from  him ;  rather  he 

*  Rushworlh  II.  59.  f  Simpkinson's  Land,  p.  108. 

I  Gardiner,  Hist,  of  England,  VII.  163  f. 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


55 


reserved  his  mercy  for  the  poor,  the  ignorant,  and  the 
lowly.  Mr.  Gardiner  tells  us  that  "  the  best  side  of 
Laud's  character  is  his  grand  sense  of  the  equality  of 
men  before  the  law."" 

To  turn  now  to  the  side  of  Laud's  work  which  has 
called  down  upon  him  the  worst  obloquy — his  policy  of 
coercion  in  Church  and  State.  This,  of  course,  centres 
round  his  use  of  the  two  great  courts  of  Star  Chamber 
and  High  Commission.  The  function  of  these  two 
courts  was  to  supply  the  failure  of  ordinary  jurisdiction 
in  the  State  and  the  Church  respectively.  Each  of  them 
was  thus  an  extension,  so  to  speak,  of  the  King's  pre- 
rogative. Each  of  them  was  entirely  in  accordance  with 
the  law,  but,  as  will  be  seen  from  what  has  already  been 
said,  each  of  them  was  based  upon  that  worn-out  Tudor 
theory  that  prerogative  was  an  unlimited  thing,  which 
supplied  the  place  of  law  where  that  failed,  and  might, 
under  circumstances  of  great  necessity,  over-ride  it. 
Laud,  therefore,  was  in  no  sense  responsible  for  the 
existence  of  the  courts  :  he  accepted  them  just  as  he  did 
the  whole  body  of  the  constitution,  and  made  use  of  them 
because  they  were  obviously  the  most  natural  weapon 
and  the  readiest  to  his  hand.  He  constantly  claimed 
that  what  was  done  by  them  was  done  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  justice  ;  that  he  was  but  a  member,  and  that 
the  whole  court  was  conjointly  responsible.  And,  subject 
to  the  preliminary  objection  that  Laud's  share  in  the 
entire  home  administration  is  greater  than  that  of  his 
fellows,  the  claim  must  of  course  be  allowed. 

•  Hist,  of  England,  VIII.  106. 


56  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Now  the  records  of  the  Star  Chamber  are,  I  believe, 
almost  entirely  lost  :  but  from  note-books  of  proceedings 
there,  and  the  like,  it  is  possible  to  get  a  pretty  clear 
idea  of  the  way  in  which  its  work  was  done  at  different 
times.  And  the  opinion  of  all  those  who  have  studied 
the  facts,  including  Mr.  Gardiner  and  Mr.  Paley  Baildon, 
its  latest  student,  the  editor  of  John  Haywarde's  Star 
Chamber  Notes,  is  that  it  really  fulfilled  a  very  necessary 
place  in  the  State.  "It  brought,"  says  Mr.  Gardiner,* 
"the  highest  legal  and  the  highest  political  capacity 
to  bear  upon  cases  in  which  the  offenders  were  too 
powerful  to  be  reached  by  the  ordinary  courts,  or  in 
which  the  evidence  was  too  complicated  to  be  un- 
ravelled  by  the  skill  of  an  ordinary  jury  

In  such  investigations  it  showed  itself  diligent  and 
impartial."  No  less  a  judge  than  Sir  Matthew  Hale 
declared  that  the  suppression  of  the  court  left  a  place 
unprovided  in  our  judicature.  But  a  court  composed 
almost  entirely  of  Privy  Councillors  was  the  worst  pos- 
sible court  in  which  to  try  political  offenders  against  the 
Privy  Council ;  so  used  it  became  a  grievous  means  of 
tyranny.  Thus  it  incurred  a  double  unpopularity ;  it 
was  unpopular  with  those  who  objected  to  its  political 
decisions,  and  also  with  the  lawyers  and  the  great  people 
who  came  under  its  scourge. 

The  position  of  the  High  Commission  Court  was 
not  dissimilar.  It  was  a  court  to  meet  ecclesiastical 
irregularities  which  could  not  otherwise  be  met ;  com- 
posed, as  Selden  informs  us,   of  a  larger  number  of 


«  Hist,  of  England,  VII.  84. 


Land  as  a  Statesman. 


57 


laymen  than  clergy,  although,  as  he  adds,  "  if  the  laymen 
will  not  come,  whose  fault  is  that  ?"  *  But  such  a  court 
was  an  obvious  means  of  silencing  ecclesiastical  offenders 
by  a  short  cut,  instead  of  making  use  of  the  bishops' 
courts  ;  and  so  Laud  used  it.  He  felt  it  necessary  to 
bring  the  Puritans  into  line  with  the  plain  mind  of  the 
English  Church  ;  and  he  would  do  it  by  the  shortest 
method.  He  failed  to  see  that  compulsion  could  not 
really  succeed  :  that  the  passions  which  he  roused  were 
worse  than  anything  that  was  there  before  ;  and  that  in 
the  long  run  there  might  have  been  found  "  a  more 
excellent  way."  And  yet  Laud  had  been — as  might  have 
been  expected  from  the  fact  that  he  was  the  friend  and 
patron  of  Hales  and  Chillingworth  and  Jeremy  Taylor 
— one  of  the  first  to  grasp  the  principles  of  toleration. 
"  I  have  always  "  he  wrote  to  Vossius  in  1629,  "  I  have 
always  counselled  moderation,  lest  everything  should  be 
thrown  into  confusion  by  fervid  minds  to  which  the  care 
of  religion  is  not  the  first  object.  This,  perhaps,  has 
not  given  satisfaction  ;  but  I  bear  in  mind  how  seriously 
the  Saviour  inculcated  charity  to  His  disciples,  and  how 
cautiously  and  patiently  the  Apostles  commanded  us  to 
treat  the  weak.  .  .  .  For  my  own  part,  I  will  labour 
with  the  grace  of  God  that  truth  and  peace  may  kiss 
each  other.  If  for  our  sins  God  refuses  to  grant  this,  I 
will  hope  for  eternal  peace  for  myself  as  soon  as  possible, 
leaving  to  God  those  who  break  that  kiss  asunder,  that 
He  may  either  convert  them,  as  I  heartily  desire,  or  may 
visit  them  with  punishment." 


*  Table  Talk  (ed.  Arber),  p.  37. 


58  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


This  is  great  indeed ;  and  if  in  later  days  Laud 
departed  from  this  ideal  of  toleration  so  far  as  ceremony 
was  concerned,  the  great  aim  of  a  noble  and  united 
Church,  which  seemed  to  make  it  necessary,  must  at 
least  be  borne  in  mind.  And  we  must  remember,  too, 
that  he  himself  conscientiously  and  instinctively  believed 
in  authority  and  compulsion  by  authority  ;  as  Shelley 
makes  him  say  in  his  fragmentary  drama, 

"  I 

Could  suffer  what  I  would  inflict." 
But  in  truth  there  are  few  subjects  upon  which  more 
ignorant  nonsense  has  recently  been  written  than  Laud's 
so-called  "  persecutions  "  for  civil  and  religious  liberty. 
"  The  great  Whig  legend  "  is  already  breaking  down  ; 
but  it  has  left  its  traces  far  and  wide.  From  the  language 
which  has  been  used  one  might  think  that  Laud  was  the 
worst  of  persecutors.  The  facts,  as  shown  by  contem- 
porary authorities,  are  very  different.  And  although  it 
is  true  that  a  man  cannot  be  entirely  acquitted  because 
he  has  done  no  wrong  according  to  the  standard  of  his 
own  age,  yet  it  is  equally  true  that  no  judgment  can  be 
fair  which  fails  to  take  account  of  that  standard.  Judged 
by  that,  there  is  little  which  can  be  called  undue  severity 
in  his  action.  The  fines  imposed  afterwards  by  the 
Parliament  are  beyond  all  comparison  larger  than  those 
imposed  by  the  Courts  during  the  Tyranny.  His  suspen- 
sions and  deprivations  cannot  compare  for  a  moment 
with  those  carried  out  by  the  Parliament  in  1643.  His 
punishments  by  the  pillory  and  the  executioner's  knife 
are  nothing  by  the  side,  say,  of  the  punishment  of  the 


Land  as  a  Statesman. 


59 


Romanists  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  or  the  executions 
under  the  Parliament,  or  the  imprisonings  and  butcheries 
and  transportations  into  slavery  in  Ireland  and  England 
under  the  Commonwealth.  No  single  person  was  ever 
put  to  death  by  Laud's  authority ;  and  in  this  respect 
his  administration  stands  alone  in  the  period.  Of  course, 
mutilation  always  sounds  far  more  barbarous  than  be- 
heading ;  but  it  may  be  questioned  whether  those  who  are 
sentenced  to  the  latter  would  not  willingly  commute  it 
for  the  former.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  too,  that  such 
punishments  for  such  things  sink  into  insignificance 
beside  the  punishments  for  witchcraft,  felony,  and  high 
treason  prevalent  at  that  day. 

Of  course,  these  considerations  are  not  put  forward 
as  being,  in  any  sense,  a  justification  of  Laud's  method 
of  securing  conformity.  But,  as  a  matter  of  common 
honesty,  it  is  only  fair  to  recognise  that  Laud  used  no 
method  that  outraged  the  moral  standard  of  the  time. 
His  methods  were  mild  in  comparison  with  those  of  his 
enemies  when  they  came  into  power,  and  the  extent  of 
his  punishments  has  been  exaggerated  vastly  and  un- 
scrupulously. The  number  of  clergy  suspended  because 
they  would  not  obey  the  laws  of  their  Church  cannot 
have  been  more  than  two  or  three  score  at  the  most. 
In  the  tenth  volume  of  his  History,*  Mr.  Gardiner  has 
given  a  list  of  all  the  ministers  deprived  or  suspended 
by  the  High  Commission  during  two  years  and  three 
months  from  Feb.  1634,  just  the  time  when  the  action 
of  the  Court  was  most  vigorous.    Two  were  sentenced 


*  p.  224. 


6o 


Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


to  be  deposed,  one  for  crime,  and  the  other  for  heresy  ; 
and  in  the  latter  case  the  punishment  was  remitted. 
Four  were  deprived,  for  nonconformity,  or  reviling  their 
parishioners  ;  and  in  two  cases  the  sentence  was 
lightened  ;  and  eight  were  suspended,  in  three  cases 
for  crime,  and  in  the  remainder  for  nonconformity  ;  in 
one  case  punishment  was  entirely  remitted,  and  in 
another  partially.  The  total  is  remarkably  small, 
fourteen  cases  of  condemnation  in  all,  out  of  which  five 
or  six  are  for  crime,  while  the  penalty  was  remitted 
wholly  or  in  part  in  five  out  of  the  other  cases. 

Nor  is  the  state  of  things  very  different  if  we  turn 
to  the  lay  Court  or  Star  Chamber.  The  fines  imposed 
certainly  sound  alarmingly  high,  but  in  many  cases  they 
were  never  inflicted,  whilst  it  is  a  known  fact  that  a 
regular  system  of  "taxing"  was  in  force,  so  that,  in  many 
instances,  a  fine  only  cost  the  person  upon  whom  it  was 
imposed  a  tenth  part  of  its  nominal  amount — although 
there  are  also  cases  in  which  the  proportion  was  much 
higher.  And  with  regard  to  the  revolting  mutilations, 
here  too,  the  number  for  political  offences  was  far 
smaller  than  is  usually  supposed.  The  country  was 
flooded  with  vile  and  seditious  and  blasphemous  libels — 
a  form  of  literature  which  would  seem,  judging  by  our 
own  experience,  to  be  by  no  means  obsolete  at  the 
present  day,  where  the  name  of  Laud  is  concerned. 
These  were  peculiarly  obnoxious,  and  peculiarly 
dangerous  to  a  government  which  was  based  on  tyranny, 
and  was  well  aware  that  it  was  losing  ground  daily  in  the 
popular  esteem.    And  they  were  especially  irritating  to 


Laud  as  a  Statesman. 


' i  i 


the  worn,  touchy,  over-worked  Archbishop,  who  was 
spending  and  being  spent,  day  by  day,  with  the  most 
single-hearted  and  loving  desire  for  the  public  weal. 
Then  followed  a  series  of  barbarous  mutilations,  the 
most  typical  being  those  of  Prynne,  Bastwick,  and 
Burton,  for  which,  by  the  way,  the  Church  got  all  the 
blame.  "  The  people  think,"  says  Selden,  "  the  Bishops 
only  censured  Prin,  Burton  and  Bastwick,  when 
there  were  but  two  there,  and  one  spake  not  in  his  own 
cause.""  They  did  no  possible  good,  and  satisfied 
nobody.  Let  old  Fullert  say  why  : — "  This  censure  fell 
out  scarce  adequate  to  any  judgment,  as  conceiving  it 
either  too  low,  or  too  high,  for  their  offence.  High 
conformists  counted  it  too  low,  and  that  it  had  been 
better  if  the  pillory  had  been  changed  into  a  gallows. 
They  esteemed  it  improvident  (but  by  their  leave,  more 
of  Machiavel  than  of  Christ  in  such  counsel)  to  kindle 
revenge,  and  not  to  quench  life,  in  such  turbulent  spirits. 
.  .  .  Most  moderate  men  thought  the  censure  too 
sharp,  too  base,  and  ignominious,  for  gentlemen  of  their 
ingenuous  vocation.  Besides,  though  it  be  easy  in  the 
notion,  it  is  hard  in  the  action,  to  fix  shame  on  the  pro- 
fessors and  sever  it  from  the  professions  of  Divinity,  Law, 
and  Physic.  .  .  .  Let  canvas  be  rough  and  ragged, 
lawn  ought  to  be  soft  and  smooth  ;  meekness,  mildness, 
and  mercy  being  more  proper  for  men  of  the  episcopal 
function."  On  the  whole,  Fuller's  statement  fairly 
represents  the  popular  feeling.    It  is  clear  that  nobody 


*  Table  Talk  (ed.  Arber),  p.  37. 
ta  Hist.  III.  433- 


62 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


was  shocked  at  the  acts  as  being  cruel ;  the  general 
feeling  of  the  people  was,  that  here  were  men  who  were 
fighting  their  battles,  and  suffering  on  their  behalf,  and 
that  such  low  punishments  ought  not  to  be  inflicted  on 
gentlemen. 

But  gradually,  as  time  went  on,  the  nation 
was  aroused ;  and  at  length  the  Tyranny  came  to 
an  end.  Of  course,  it  could  only  be  put  down  by 
means  which  were  themselves  unlawful ;  that  was  un- 
avoidable. From  time  to  time  the  necessity  arises 
for  getting  rid  of  some  abuse  that  is  no  longer  toler- 
able. There  may  be  differences  of  opinion  as  to  the 
existence  of  such  an  abuse,  but,  granted  the  fact,  all 
men  must  surely  agree  that  the  absence  of  legal 
forms  by  which  it  may  be  removed  cannot  be  allowed 
for  an  instant  to  stand  in  the  way  of  the  removal.  It 
had  to  go,  and  if,  for  a  time,  the  kingship  suffered  too,  it 
was  but  a  fitting  Nemesis  upon  all  that  had  gone  before. 
The  main  instrument  of  the  tyranny,  the  main-spring  of 
the  ecclesiastical  and  social  ameliorations  of  the  day,  was 
lodged  in  the  Tower.  For  what  followed — the  dreary 
imprisonment  with  its  scoffings  and  revilings,  the  pro- 
tracted mockery  of  a  trial  whose  single  aim  was  to 
provide  an  excuse  for  a  death  sentence —  for  these  there 
was  no  justification.  No  true  justice  could  find  him 
guilty  for  upholding  laws  written,  and  doing  what  had 
been  done  before  by  others.  But  to  his  enemies  he 
was,  as  one  of  themselves  said,  like  Naaman  the  Syrian, 
a  great  man  and  a  mighty,  but — a  leper.  There  was 
that  against  him  which  they  could  neither  forget  nor 


63 


forgive.  And  so  at  length  came  the  ordinance  of  death 
— voted  in  desperation  by  some,  in  vengeance  by  others 
— which  the  judges  themselves  were  forced  to  declare 
should  not  become  a  precedent,  so  monstrous  was  it. 
Still,  it  was  the  act  of  men  who  looked  upon  him,  and  not 
without  some  reason,  as  dangerous  to  civil  and  religious 
liberty  ;  and  I,  for  one,  do  not  altogether  dissent  from 
the  words  of  a  writer  in  the  Times  of  January  14th  :  "It 
was  cruel  and  illegal  to  kill  him,  but  he  was  a  powerful 
agent  in  making  the  Revolution  which  did  so." 

We  who  are  met  together  to  commemorate  William 
Laud  are  not  mere  partisans.  We  have  no  common 
programme  which  we  swallow  whole  and  wish  to  force 
upon  others.  Indiscriminate  eulogy  may  say  what  it 
pleases,  we  desire  soberly  to  consider  all  the  facts  of 
the  case,  and  to  hold  fast  that  which  is  good.  We 
have  no  wish  to  defend  Laud's  action  through  thick  and 
thin,  but  we  have  joined  together  to  commemorate,  and 
to  learn  from,  and  to  thank  God  for,  all  the  noble  gifts 
that  he  gave  to  this  His  servant,  and  the  great  things 
which  He  did  through  him.  We  thank  God  for 
his  noble  care  for  the  poor,  and  his  large  and  generous 
aims  for  the  English  race ;  for  his  splendid  example 
of  diligent  service  in  Church  and  State ;  for  his  work 
as  the  great  promoter  of  learning  of  his  age.  And, 
above  all,  for  his  work  as  one  of  the  Fathers  of  the 
English  Reformation,  with  Cranmer  and  Parker  and 
Jewell  and  Hooker  ;  one  of  those  to  whom,  under  God, 
we  owe  all  that  we  hold  most  dear.  We  reverence  him 
as  a  typical  Englishman,  who  faithfully  preserved  the 


64 


principles  which  he  believed  in  to  the  bitter  end  ;  one 
who  was  loyal  and  disinterested  and  courageous  in  all 
his  dealings.  It  is  easy  to  see  why  Laud  was  the  best 
hated  man  in  Great  Britain,  and  yet  why  everybody  who 
knew  him  well  loved  him  tenderly.  Human  infirmity 
occurs  readily  to  one's  mind  in  connection  with  William 
Laud;  not  so  readily  human  sin.  His  irritability,  his  haste, 
his  absorption  in  details,  is  in  everybody's  mouth.  But 
where,  among  statesmen,  can  we  find  so  much  of  purity, 
of  piety,  of  penitence  as  here  ?  There  are  few  records  of 
a  man's  life  which  reveal  so  single-minded  and  reverent 
a  character.  And  there  are  few  records  of  a  man's  death 
which  can  show  so  beautiful  or  so  Christian  an  end. 


III. 


LAUD'S   EDUCATIONAL  WORK. 


D.  S.  Margoliouth,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Laudian 
Professor  of  Arabic  in  the  University 
of  Oxford. 


f 


LAUD'S  EDUCATIONAL  WORK. 

The  subject  that  has  been  assigned  me  is  in  many 
ways  a  fortunate  one  for  an  occasion  in  which  encomium 
rather  than  criticism  is  in  place.  Laud's  work  as  a 
statesman  and  as  a  Churchman,  however  high  may 
have  been  his  guiding  principles,  was  not  in  any  case 
absolutely  successful,  and  the  lecturers  on  these  subjects 
must  necessarily  have  endeavoured  in  some  way  to 
account  for  the  unfavourable  as  well  as  the  favourable 
judgments  that  have  been  passed  on  him  in  these 
capacities.  Where  such  very  different  opinions  have 
been  held,  it  is  likely  that  the  truth  lies  somewhere 
between  the  two  sides.  But  of  his  work  as  a  patron 
of  literature  and  a  leader  of  education,  there  is  only  one 
opinion  ;  or  rather  those  who  have  spoken  on  this 
subject  find  themselves  literally  lost  in  admiration. 
The  long  career  of  Laud  at  the  university  had  given 
him  the  fullest  practical  insight  into  its  needs  and 
defects.  He  was  afterwards  given  as  Chancellor  abso- 
lute power  to  deal  with  the  university  as  he  chose. 
For  those  defects  which  money  could  supply  he  had  a 
liberal  hand,  and  where  his  own  means  were  insufficient 
he  pressed  others  into  service ;  where  the  remedies 
required  were  rather  new  ideas,  his  mind  was  not  want- 
ing in  expedients,  and  still  less  in  energy  and  perse- 
verance to  carry  his  reforms  out.  All  the  factors  which 
»o  to  make  a  great  educational  founder  and  reformer 
would  seem  to  have  been  for  once  united  ;  the  power,  the 

F2 


68 


i 

Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


will,  the  knowledge,  and  the  means;  sufficient  tenacity 
of  purpose,  and  sufficient  length  of  tenure  of  office. 
Hence  it  is  that  in  Oxford  the  same  may  be  said  of 
Laud  as  is  written  of  Christopher  Wren  in  St.  Paul's, — 
if  you  seek  a  monument,  look  round  ;  of  the  great  cata- 
logue of  benefactors  whose  names  are  recorded  in  the 
Bidding  Prayer  every  Commemoration  Sunday,  there  is 
certainly  no  one  whose  services  will  bear  comparison 
with  his. 

Laud  was  appointed  Chancellor  of  the  University 
in  the  year  1630,  on  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke. 
The  Chancellor  had  originally  been  the  resident  head  of 
the  university,  who  held  office  for  one  or  two  years. 
In  time  it  had  become  customary  to  appoint  to  the 
office  bishops  or  powerful  noblemen,  who  could  defend 
the  interests  of  the  university  at  court,  and  the  office 
had  come  to  be  held  for  life.  The  autocratic  power 
that  we  find  exercised  by  Laud  is  said  to  have  been 
first  assumed  by  the  notorious  favourite  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  Robert,  Earl  of  Leicester,  who  held  the 
Chancellorship  for  many  years  of  her  reign,  and  seems 
to  have  been  incompetent  and  unfaithful  in  this  as  well 
as  in  other  trusts.  That  power  was  maintained  by  the 
more  conscientious  noblemen  who  succeeded  him,  of 
whom  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  Laud's  immediate  pre- 
decessor, was  both  a  benefactor  to  the  university,  and 
also  a  reformer — in  both  matters  following  Laud's 
direction.  The  election  of  his  successor  was  carried 
with  unbecoming  haste,  and  possibly  with  some  ille- 
gality, for  at  Oxford  as  elsewhere  there  was  an  anti- 


Laud's  Educational  Work. 


69 


Laudian  party  with  an  antipathy  to  the  Prelate.  The 
choice,  however,  was  a  wise  one,  among  other  grounds 
because,  as  has  been  remarked  by  many,  the  great  man 
never  forgot  any  place  or  person  who  had  had  any  share 
in  his  promotion.  We  find  him  late  in  life  bestowing 
the  most  munificent  charities  on  the  corporation  of  his 
birthplace  Reading,  charities  which  to  this  day  make 
his  name  gratefully  remembered  there  ;  among  them 
being  the  endowment  of  the  grammar-school,  where  he 
apparently  enjoyed  indifferent  instruction.  But  the 
Corporation  of  Reading  had  given  him  his  scholarship 
at  St.  John's  College,  the  first  step  in  his  brilliant 
career,  and  he  would  not  leave  the  obligation  unpaid. 
To  St.  John's  College  in  the  days  of  his  power  he  gave 
a  fresh  quadrangle  and  valuable  presents  of  books  ;  for 
from  the  presidency  of  St.  John's  College  he  had  risen 
to  his  grander  preferments.  His  benefactions  to  the 
university  itself  were  acts  of  gratitude  to  that  place  as 
well  as  due  to  a  profound  policy  and  a  genuine  love  of 
learning. 

Of  his  Chancellorship  he  has  left  a  history,  or  rather 
the  materials  for  a  history  ;  it  consists  mainly  of  a  series 
of  letters  illustrative  of  the  academical  annals,  inter- 
spersed with  comments.  This  collection  was  made  by 
him  according  to  his  custom  while  in  office,  and  first 
published  in  the  year  1700.  Many  of  the  documents  it 
contains  certainly  refer  to  matters  not  now  ordinarily 
supposed  to  concern  education  ;  such  as  the  censure  of 
sermons  of  an  unorthodox  tendency  or  on  forbidden 
subjects,  the  conduct  of  the  students  in  chapel.   In  those 


70  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


days  the  university  was  mainly  regarded  as  a  nursery 
of  ministers  of  religion.  Had  the  Chancellor's  mind 
grasped  the  happy  idea  of  religious  toleration  more 
than  it  seems  to  have  done,  it  would  still  have  been 
his  duty  as  Primate  of  the  Church  to  see  that  the 
training-school  for  the  Church  bred  up  ministers  in 
Church  opinions.  And  in  Laud's  case  his  careful  in- 
quiries into  such  matters  are  more  easily  intelligible, 
inasmuch  as  the  university  was  certainly  intended  to  be 
an  instrument  in  his  Church  policy — the  policy  of 
making  the  Church  of  England  a  rival  of  the  Church 
of  Rome,  inferior  to  it  neither  in  dignity  nor  pretensions. 

The  most  remarkable  monument  of  his  chancellor- 
ship is  probably  the  codification  of  the  statutes,  a  work 
which  had  been  frequently  commenced  previously  to 
Laud's  time,  but  which  it  required  his  energy  and  power 
of  making  others  work  to  bring  to  a  successful  issue.  It 
was  characteristic  of  his  methodical  mind  to  regard  this 
task  as  a  necessary  preliminary  of  that  course  of  acade- 
mical reform  which  he  purposed,  and  to  some  extent 
carried  out.  Opportunities  must  be  given  to  people  to 
learn  their  duties  before  anyone  could  insist  on  their 
performance  of  them.  That  reform  was  needed  may  be 
learned  from  the  fact  that  the  universities  more  than 
any  other  places  in  the  kingdom  had  suffered  from  the 
frequent  changes  of  religion  under  the  Tudors,  whose 
alternations  had  rendered  all  places  unsettled,  and  at  times 
reduced  the  numbers  of  the  students  to  ridiculous  figures. 
When  the  statutes  had  been  collected  and  arranged  in 
titles  by  delegates  appointed  for  that  purpose,  convo- 


Laud's  Educational  Work. 


cation  voted  the  Chancellor  full  power  to  deal  with  them 
as  he  liked.  After  making  his  own  alterations,  Laud 
had  them  printed,  and  sent  copies  on  vellum  to  each  of 
the  Colleges  ;  the  statutes,  like  newly-elected  fellows, 
were  to  be  put  on  trial  for  one  year,  after  which  a  written 
volume  containing  their  final  form  was  sent  to  the  convo- 
cation-house, bearing  on  it  the  royal  seal  as  well  as  the 
seals  of  the  Archbishop  and  Chancellor.  This  volume 
was  symbolically  embraced  by  the  vice-chancellor  of 
the  time,  and  sworn  to  by  the  proctors  and  other 
authoritative  officials.  It  still  remains  the  statute-book 
of  the  university,  though  the  work  of  commission  after 
commission,  as  well  as  the  internal  legislation,  have  left 
few  of  its  enactments  unaltered  ;  excerpts  from  it  for  the 
guidance  of  students  were  from  time  to  time  printed,  but 
the  original  code  itself  seems  to  have  remained  in  MS. 
till  a  few  years  ago,  when  it  was  issued  as  a  relic  of 
antiquity  by  the  Clarendon  Press.  Laud  appointed  a 
new  official,  called  the  keeper  of  the  archives,  to  take 
care  of  this  as  well  as  other  important  documents. 

Of  the  changes  introduced  by  the  Laudian  legis- 
lation possibly  the  most  important  was  one  which  was 
not  inserted  in  the  statute-book  till  two  years  after  its 
completion — the  ordinance  by  which  examination  for 
degrees  was  made  part  of  the  university  system.  It 
does  not  seem  that  the  author  of  this  plan  foresaw  how 
it  would  revolutionize  the  university,  though  in  more 
than  one  of  his  letters  he  has  occasion  to  speak  of  its 
excellent  effects.  Of  the  forty-eight  pages  of  the 
statute-book  which  are  concerned  with  the  exercises 


72 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


necessary  for  the  acquisition  of  a  degree  the  few  that 
deal  with  this  ordinance  are  the  only  ones  that  yet 
contain  a  spark  of  vitality  ;  the  rest  are  occupied  with 
arrangements  for  public  disputations  in  the  mediaeval 
style.  A  degree  was  on  the  old  system  to  be  obtained 
by  listening  for  two  years  to  Latin  debates,  and  for  two 
years  more  taking  part  in  them ;  by  reading  aloud  theses 
and  declamations;  and  by  obtaining  testimonials.  The 
examinations  were  viva  voce,  of  course,  for  it  was  not  till 
this  century  that  paper  work  formed  any  important  part 
of  the  system.  The  performance  was  in  public,  and  was 
a  test  no  less  for  the  examiners  than  the  examined.  One 
of  Laud's  correspondents  thus  describes  the  scene  : 

"  I  ever  entertained  a  very  fair  opinion  of  this  course 
for  examinations  as  apparently  conducible  unto  the 
advancement  of  learning  among  the  younger,  and  the 
preserving  the  same  in  masters.  But  I  confess  the 
course  did  not  make  so  deep  impression  while  I  barely 
apprehended  the  same  as  did  the  solemn  executions 
thereof  while  it  was  let  in  at  my  eyes  and  ears,  being  the 
last  week  present  with  Mr.  Vicechancellor  and  other 
heads  at  that  exercise.  The  eminency  of  the  places  for 
the  vicechancellor  and  proctors  at  the  upper  end,  and 
the  like  on  each  side  for  the  examiners  and  the 
examined,  make  the  exercise  passing  solemn,  and  cannot 
but  beget  an  extraordinary  care  in  the  actors  on  both 
sides,  to  fit  themselves  unto  that  awful  trial.  For  my 
own  part  upon  fuller  consideration,  I  take  it  to  be  the 
most  absolute  course  that  was  ever  devised  for  the 
honouring  of  the  university  ;   this  single  course  giving 


73 


life  to  the  private  pains  of  tutors,  and  the  public  pains 
of  readers,  making  the  auditors  diligent  if  they  come, 
which  is  for  their  advantage." 

And  in  several  other  places  in  the  history  of  the 
Chancellorship  we  read  of  the  bracing  effect  that  this 
new  institution  produced.  The  present  elaboration  of 
the  system  was  not  even  suggested  till  late  in  the  last 
century,  and  has  all  been  introduced  in  this;  but  the 
commencement,  so  to  speak,  was  Laud's.  For  the 
acquisition  of  certain  mental  habits,  such  as  readiness, 
perspicacity,  and  the  power  of  stating  a  case,  these 
exercises  were  not  wholly  fruitless,  especially  in  the  case 
of  younger  students,  for  whom  the  university  was  much 
more  adapted  than  would  suit  modern  ideas  and 
standards  ;  but  they  had  the  great  disadvantage  of 
tending  to  become  mere  forms,  over  the  due  discharge 
of  which  it  was  considered  bad  taste  to  take  much 
trouble. 

The  Chancellor's  ideas  of  reform  are  classified 
by.  the  Proctors  of  the  year  1630  as  consisting  in  the 
"  taking  notice  of  formalities,  laying  hands  on  the  liberty 
and  reins  of  dispensations,  and  looking  to  the  perform- 
ance of  other  duties."  To  the  first  and  third  of  these 
belongs  the  perpetuation  of  those  institutions  which 
are  peculiar  to  the  English  as  opposed  to  the  foreign 
universities — the  college  system  with  its  moral  and 
religious  discipline,  and  the  academical  dress.  The 
students  are  all  to  be  subjected  to  the  strict  discipline 
necessary  at  a  school.  The  code  prescribes  the  way  they 
are  to  live,  how  they  are  to  dress,  and  how  they  are  to 


74 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


spend  their  time.  In  part  these  arrangements  are  to  be 
explained  by  the  age  of  the  students,  many  of  whom 
came  to  the  university  far  earlier  than  any  now 
matriculate ;  provision  is  indeed  made  for  youths  of 
quite  tender  years.  In  part  they  are  to  be  regarded  as 
representing  the  discipline  of  a  religious  seminary,  and 
hence  the  sons  of  the  nobility  are  exempted  from  some 
of  the  regulations.  And  in  part  they  seem  to  have  been 
consonant  with  and  to  have  satisfied  the  demands  of 
the  national  character,  and  hence  are  still  to  a  great 
extent  maintained. 

As  far  as  the  constitution  of  the  university  is  con- 
cerned, Laud  endeavoured  to  do  for  Oxford  what  he  did 
for  Dublin.  The  royal  seal  was  affixed  to  the  Statute- 
Book  as  a  sign  that  the  Crown  only  had  the  right  of 
legislating  for  the  university  ;  and  a  very  considerable 
literature  exists  dealing  with  the  question  whether  it  has 
the  right  of  altering  anything  in  the  Laudian  Statutes; 
on  which  till  comparatively  recent  times  competent 
authorities  held  different  opinions.  The  historian  of 
the  English  Universities  praises  the  Laudian  Statutes 
for  placing  no  further  restriction  on  the  democratic 
element  of  the  university,  the  Convocation-House, 
which  was  allowed  to  retain  the  right  to  appoint 
to  office,  while  the  initiative  of  legislation  was  left  to 
the  standing  committee  of  Heads  of  Houses,  whence 
the  Hebdomadal  Council  has  sprung.  The  sole 
innovation  was  that  the  disturbances  which  had 
previously  accompanied  the  election  of  the  proctors  were 
put  an  end  to  by  the  construction  of  a  cycle  whereby  the 


75 


appointment  was  given  to  the  Colleges  in  order  in 
frequency  proportioned  to  their  numbers  ;  this  had  been 
suggested  by  Laud  to  his  predecessor  in  the  Chancellor- 
ship, and  the  arrangement  still  exists. 

In  our  time,  and  indeed  ever  since  the  Class-lists 
were  introduced,  there  has  been  no  difference  between 
the  attainments  required  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  and 
Master  of  Arts  ;  the  higher  degree  is  taken  in  due  course 
after  the  lapse  of  a  certain  number  of  years  by  payment 
of  fixed  sums  of  money.  The  Statutes,  however, 
contemplated  a  difference  ;  the  courses  prescribed  for 
Bachelors  reading  for  the  higher  degree  represented  the 
higher  education  as  then  understood.  For  this  some- 
thing had  already  been  done  by  other  benefactors  ;  for 
the  love  of  learning  displayed  by  the  Tudor  princes  and 
James  I.  had  not  been  ineffectual :  by  a  proceeding  without 
example  indeed  an  English  army  shortly  after  the 
foundation  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  had  contributed 
a  sum  of  money  to  supply  its  library  with  books.  At 
Oxford  Savile  had  recently  founded  the  Professorships 
of  Astronomy  and  Geometry  ;  Thomas  White  the  Chair 
of  Moral  Philosophy  ;  Richard  Tomlin  a  lecture  in 
Anatomy.    Laud  would  not  be  behind  any  of  these. 

Of  his  benefactions  connected  with  the  teaching 
work  of  the  university,  two  especially  call  for  notice. 
Although  he  does  not  himself  seem  to  have  been  a 
linguist,  his  philological  interests  were  exceedingly  keen. 
It  may  be  noticed  that  in  the  statute  introducing 
examinations  he  lays  stress  on  the  testing  the  candidates 
for   a   degree  in    Arts  in  philology  and  not  only  in 


j6  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


philosophy,  as  had  been  the  case  in  the  former  age. 
Through  his  influence  the  Turkish  traders  received 
orders  to  bring  home  with  each  vessel  at  least  one  Arabic 
book,  which  was  not  to  be  a  copy  of  the  Koran,  "for 
we  have  choice  of  these."  The  study  of  the  Semitic 
languages  in  Europe  was  then  in  its  infancy,  the  Hebrew 
professorship,  which  alone  represented  the  subject  at 
Oxford,  poorly  paid.  To  this  Laud  caused  a  Canonry 
of  Christchurch  to  be  annexed.  But  the  foundation 
which  is  more  closely  connected  with  his  name  than  any 
other,  is  the  Laudian  Professorship  of  Arabic,  founded 
by  him  first  for  the  benefit  of  Edward  Pococke,  and  then 
endowed  by  him  in  perpetuity.  What  was  it  that 
attracted  Laud  to  a  study  of  which  he  does  not  seem  to 
have  tasted  the  sweets  ? 

The  fashion  of  studying  Arabic  had  been  set  by 
Joseph  Scaliger,  who  had  been  imitated  by  his  friend 
and  admirer  Casaubon.  In  two  letters  dated  1607  and 
1608  addressed  to  one  Stephanius  Ubertus,  Scaliger 
gives  an  account  of  his  progress  in  Arabic,  in  which  having 
been  unable  to  find  a  teacher,  he  had  been  compelled  to 
instruct  himself ;  and  the  second  of  these  letters  contains 
a  rather  interesting  list  of  the  books  out  of  which  he 
had  compiled  his  never  published  lexicon  ;  the  only 
dictionary  at  his  disposal  having  the  interpretation  in 
Turkish,  of  which  he  knew  far  less  than  Arabic. 
Though  it  cannot  be  said  that  Scaliger  himself  made 
much  way  in  spite  of  his  efforts,  it  was  owing  to  his 
encouragement  that  Thomas  Erpenius  set  about  a 
study  of  the  language  which  resulted  in  a  grammar 


Laud's  Educational  Work. 


77 


which  for  a  long  time  remained  the  standard  work  on  the 
subject,  and  the  scholarly  editing  of  several  texts. 

The  arch-critic  had  perceived  that  the  lamp  of 
culture  had  been  held  by  the  Arabs  during  the  dark 
ages,  and  in  his  monumental  work  on  chronology  makes 
not  unfrequent  use  of  Arabic  documents.  In  these 
pre-critical  times  it  was  thought  that  the  Arabic  versions 
of  the  Old  and  New  Testament  which  were  known  to  be 
in  existence  might  be  of  some  importance  for  the  sacred 
text ;  and  portions  of  such  versions  had  been  issued  at 
Rome  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  at  Leyden  in  the  early 
seventeenth,  at  the  press  of  the  indefatigable  Erpenius. 
Moreover  Jewish  scholars  had  long  before  these  times 
observed  that  the  dead  language  of  the  Old  Testament 
could  constantly  be  elucidated  from  the  living  and 
inexhaustible  language  of  the  Arabs  ;  and  among  Laud's 
contemporaries  in  Holland  there  were  scholars  like  de 
Dieu  who  were  pursuing  the  study  of  all  the  Semitic 
languages  as  branches  of  one  stock  in  a  manner  almost 
worthy  of  a  far  later  age.  It  is  indeed  remarkable  that 
this  source  of  illustration  of  the  Old  Testament,  though 
drawn  upon  unremittingly  for  centuries,  seems  not  yet  to 
have  dried  up.  Then  it  must  be  observed  that  Professor- 
ships of  Arabic  had  long  existed  in  catholic  universities, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  philosophy  of  Aristotle  was 
to  a  great  extent  first  known  to  mediaeval  Europe  in 
translations  from  the  Arabic  ;  and  though  the  Oriental 
translators  failed  egregiously  when  they  attempted  to 
handle  subjects  such  as  poetry  and  rhetoric,  for  which  a 
specific  acquaintance  with  Greek  literature  was  required, 


78 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


they  succeeded  excellently  in  interpreting  the  logic,  and 
according  to  high  and  impartial  authorities  even  in  such 
subjects  as  the  analysis  of  the  soul.  Then  it  is  worthy 
of  note  that  about  the  time  of  Laud's  birth  direct 
diplomatic  relations  had  first  commenced  between  this 
country  and  the  Porte,  English  traders  having  pre- 
viously gone  to  Constantinople  under  French  protection ; 
and  Queen  Elizabeth  in  her  despatches  certainly  en- 
deavours to  identify  the  cause  of  Protestantism  in  its  war 
against  idolatry  with  that  of  Islam  :  she  calls  herself 
verce  religionis  contra  idolatras  invictissima  propugnatrix . 
And  as  those  that  are  enemies  of  the  same  are  friends  of 
each  other,  it  would  really  appear  that  the  Porte 
assigned  better  treatment  to  the  Lutherans,  as  all  the 
Protestants  were  indiscriminately  called,  than  to  those 
who  acknowledged  the  authority  of  the  Pope  or  of  the 
King  of  Spain.  All  these  facts  gave  the  classical 
language  of  Islam  a  prominent  place  in  the  eyes  of  the 
learned ;  and  indeed  for  the  two  subjects  of  astronomy 
and  medicine  some  knowledge  of  Arabic  was  regarded 
as  necessary  till  late  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

In  the  British  Isles  the  study  had  not  been  alto- 
gether neglected.  Matthias  Pasor,  celebrated  once  as 
a  mathematician,  theologian,  and  orientalist,  had  during 
his  exile  at  Oxford  found  a  sufficient  number  of  students 
ready  to  give  fees  for  a  lecture  in  Arabic  ;  and  Thomas 
Bedwell,  whose  name  figures  often  in  the  correspondence 
of  Scaliger,  the  incumbent  of  Tottenham  High  Cross, 
had  endeavoured  to  compile  an  Arabic  Lexicon,  for 
which  he  had  gone  to  Holland  to  secure  the  materials 


Laud's  Educational  Work. 


79 


collected  by  Scaliger.  Another  lexicon  likewise  never 
destined  to  see  the  light  was  composed  by  the  brother 
of  Archbishop  Ussher,  himself  an  accomplished  orien- 
talist. Edward  Pococke,  for  whom  the  Arabic  chair 
was  founded,  had  studied  under  Pasor  and  Bedwell, 
and  after  taking  Priest's  orders  had  been  appointed  a 
chaplain  to  the  British  factory  at  Aleppo,  where  he 
had  good  opportunities  of  procuring  native  instruction, 
of  which  he  did  not  fail  to  take  advantage.  It  is  not 
certain  that  Pococke's  appointment  was  in  any  way  due 
to  Laud,  whose  first  letters  to  him  bore  date  after  his 
arrival  at  Aleppo,  where  the  Prelate  employed  Pococke's 
services  in  purchasing  MSS.  in  the  ancient  languages 
to  be  afterwards  presented  to  the  Bodleian  library. 
However  Pococke's  second  journey  to  the  East,  in 
which  he  spent  considerable  time  at  Constantinople, 
was  undertaken  with  Laud's  aid,  which  was  also 
bestowed  on  his  companion,  the  famous  astronomer  and 
orientalist,  John  Greaves,  whose  brother  Thomas 
supplied  Pococke's  place  during  his  absence.  The 
desirability  of  securing  Pococke  for  Oxford  was  probably 
the  reason  that  determined  Laud  to  found  the  chair, 
which  he  did  in  1637.  The  high  opinion  of  him  held  by 
Laud  was  fully  justified  by  the  fame  he  acquired  and 
the  services  which  he  rendered  to  the  study  of  Arabic, 
though  all  his  works  in  this  department  appeared  after 
his  patron's  execution.  His  notes  on  the  Specimen  of 
the  History  of  the  Arabs  taught  Europeans  the  first 
rudiments  of  the  Mohammedan  sciences,  but  also  con- 
tained the  quintessence  of  what  Mohammedan  writers  had 


8o  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


collected  on  the  origin  of  their  leading  institutions  and 
the  early  history  of  their  race.  He  gave  Europe  its 
first  scholarly  edition  of  an  Arabic  poem,  and  through 
one  of  his  pupils  introduced  a  knowledge  of  Arabic 
metre  ;  through  his  son,  who  under  his  guidance  edited 
the  Self-taught  Philosopher  of  Ibn  Tufail,  he  showed 
to  what  heights  Arabic  philosophy  could  soar,  and  that 
the  Orientals  could  in  this  department  produce  work  not 
inferior  to  that  of  the  Greeks  in  hardihood  of  speculation 
and  continuity  of  thought.  He  was  regarded  as  the 
oracle  of  his  time  on  all  oriental  subjects  on  the 
continent  as  well  as  in  England. 

The  following  letter  was  sent  to  Laud  by  the  University 
on  the  occasion  of  his  making  the  endowment  perpetual 
in  1640:  "You  have  greatly  enriched  the  Bodleia- 
Laudian  treasury,  by  importing  Araby  into  Oxford,  but 
when  this  store  of  literature  reached  us,  being  confined 
to  books  it  remained  mute,  being  restrained  by  its  un- 
known characters ;  but  when  a  stipend  was  attached  as 
a  key,  with  a  lecturer  to  unlock  the  learning  of  Barbary, 
the  tongue  was  unloosed.  Even  so  it  was  not  made 
immortal,  as  it  hung  on  the  single  thread  of  your 
existence,  which  we  hope  indeed  maybe  immortal.  Then 
this  difficulty  was  remedied  by  your  untiring  munificence, 
an  annual  rent  from  your  ancestral  lands  being  conferred 
upon  it.  Your  patronage  of  the  Arabic  language  far 
surpasses  the  wealth  of  Araby  ;  being  Arabized  by  you 
we  must  necessarily  be  either  Happy  Arabians  or  Rocky 
Arabians  :  happy  if  we  yield  due  obedience  to  your 
mandates,  but  otherwise  stony  and  arid." 


Laud's  Educational  Work. 


81 


A  third  university  office  of  which  he  augmented  the 
emoluments,  was  that  of  Public  Orator,  to  which  he 
caused  a  canonry  to  be  attached  which  has  since  been 
withdrawn.    This  was  doubtless  in  order  to  encourage 
the  employment  of  correct  and  elegant  Latin,  on  which 
in  his  Examination  Statute  he  lays  great  stress.  No 
candidate  was  to  be  recommended  for  a  degree  unless  he 
had  shown  that   he  could  express   his   thoughts  on 
ordinary  subjects  with  ease  and  correctness  in  that 
language.      Similarly   in    the    statutes   he  compiled 
for    Merton    College   the   habitual   use  of   Latin  by 
the   members   of  that    society   is    enjoined.     In  his 
letters  written  as  Chancellor  he  likewise  often  insists 
on   the   necessity   of    making   the   students  practise 
themselves  in  it.    In  the  year  1636  he  complains  that,  to 
the  no  small  dishonour  of  the  university,  at  the  service 
held  at  the  beginning  of  term  the  prayer  was  said  in 
English  while  the  sermon  was  in  Latin  ;  and  insists  on 
the  service  being  read  in  the  ancient  language  also.  He 
had  intended  to  put  this  important  regulation  into  the 
statutes,  but  after  consultation  with  the  king  thought  it 
might  disgrace  the  university  in  future  times  if  it  ever 
became  known  that  such  a  regulation  had  been  necessary. 
All  this  seems  to  us  now  very  retrograde  and  archaic, 
but  must  be  judged  from  the  standpoint  of  a  time  in 
which  even  so  ruthless  an  innovator  as  Bacon  wrote  his 
most  important  works  in  the  ancient  language  of  Rome, 
as  any  other  dress  would  have  rendered   them  un- 
intelligible to  the  greater  part  of  the  audience  for  whom 
they  were  intended.    Moreover  Laud,  who  in  his  corres- 

G 


82 


pondence  with  foreign  scholars  apologizes  sometimes 
not  wholly  without  ground  for  his  own  awkwardness  in 
handling  the  language,  may  have  had  personal  reasons 
for  insisting  on  this  matter. 

Laud's  correspondence  reminds  us  of  what  he  did  for 
continental  scholars.  The  learned  sovereigns  Elizabeth 
and  James  I.  had  done  something  to  attract  learned 
men  from  abroad  ;  and  it  is  at  least  likely  that  the 
patronage  of  the  latter  prevented  the  Roman  Catholics 
from  securing  so  distinguished  a  proselyte  as  Isaac 
Casaubon.  Casaubon's  son  Meric,  the  only  one  of  his 
large  family  who  shared  the  father's  tastes,  got  through 
Laud's  influence  a  living  ;  and  through  that  of 
Buckingham  Laud  obtained  a  prebend  at  Canterbury 
for  Vossius.  Between  this  scholar  and  the  Prelate  a 
correspondence  lasting  a  score  of  years  has  been  pre- 
served and  frequently  printed;  and  the  latter's  judgment 
in  selecting  him  as  a  fit  recipient  of  the  national  patronage 
must  be  approved  by  all  those  who  recognise  the  place 
he  filled  at  that  time  in  the  minds  of  the  learned  world. 
Gerhard  Vossius  was  one  of  the  last  of  those  renaissance 
scholars  who,  living  before  the  division  of  intellectual 
labour,  embraced  the  whole  field  of  literature.  He  held 
at  different  times  professorships  of  Theology,  Philosophy, 
History  and  Rhetoric  ;  and  was  offered  a  chair  of 
political  science.  The  six  folios  in  which  his  works  are 
collected  contain  treatises  at  one  time  very  famous  on 
all  these  subjects.  Laud  was  attracted  by  his  elaborate 
work  on  the  Pelagian  heresy,  and  in  letter  after  letter 
urges  him  to  complete  his  answer  to  the  annals  of 


Land's  Educational  Work. 


83 


Baronius,  that  great  bulwark  of  Roman  Catholic  the- 
ology. Archbishop  Ussher  had  endeavoured  to  attract 
him  to  Ireland  ;  another  invitation  had  come  from  Cam- 
bridge, which  he  also  refused  ;  and  the  canonry  which 
Laud  procured  for  him  did  not  necessitate  residence.  For 
one  of  his  sons  the  Archbishop  through  King  Charles  I 
obtained  a  fellowship  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge ;  but 
the  correspondence  referred  to  seems  to  show  that  the 
young  man  was  unworthy  of  the  favour.  Compli- 
mentary messages  are  often  sent  in  these  letters  to  the 
illustrious  Grotius,  whose  religious  opinions  bore  so 
close  a  resemblance  to  Laud's ;  and  at  the  historic 
interview  between  Grotius  and  Pococke  in  Paris,  at 
the  latter's  return  from  Constantinople,  the  Professor  of 
Arabic  was  charged  with  a  message  to  the  Archbishop 
then  in  prison,  bidding  him  escape  to  the  Continent,  to 
which  of  course  Laud  did  not  listen.  Another  foreign 
scholar  who  enjoyed  Laud's  patronage  was  the 
orientalist  Ravius,  who  received  recommendations  from 
him  at  Constantinople  ;  but  whose  subsequent  conduct 
did  not  justify  them. 

If  Laud's  interest  extended  itself  to  learned  men 
abroad,  it  did  not  neglect  native  desert  ;  and  the  list  of 
men  whom  he  helped  to  promote,  including  such  names 
as  Jeremy  Taylor,  Selden,  one  of  the  first  of  English 
epigraphists,  Lindsell,  editor  of  Theophylact,  Bedell, 
who  endeavoured  to  provide  the  Irish  with  a  translation 
of  the  Bible  in  their  native  language,  and  a  host  of  others, 
is  testimony  to  the  Archbishop's  keen  eye  for  desert  of 
all  kinds  and  readiness  to  encourage  it. 

G2 


84  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 

The  Oxford  University  Press,  which  has  without 
doubt  done  very  much  during  the  last  three  centuries  to 
maintain  the  reputation  of  this  country  for  learning,  and 
which  can  rarely  have  rejected  any  work  calculated  to 
increase  that  reputation,  is  not  indeed  called  after  Laud, 
but  was  nevertheless  founded  by  him.  It  would  appear 
that  when  Henry  YII1.  gave  the  Universities  their 
charters  the  Cambridge  authorities  secured  for  them- 
selves the  right  of  printing,  being  in  that  matter  and  in 
others  in  the  opinion  of  Laud,  more  careful  about  their 
rights  than  their  brethren  at  Oxford.  The  university 
would  appear  however  to  have  maintained,  or  rather 
subsidized  a  printer ;  and  it  would  also  appear  that 
books  were  issued  with  the  authorization  of  the 
university  ;  the  usurpation  of  right  not  having  been 
noticed.  The  omission  of  any  such  privilege  from  the 
university  charter  was,  Laud  tells  us,  noticed  by  him 
accidentally.  Early  in  the  year  1633,  therefore,  he 
procured  a  royal  patent  for  Oxford,  similar  to  that 
granted  to  Cambridge,  giving  the  university  not  only 
the  right  of  printing,  but  besides  securing  for  the  works 
printed  at  the  press  a  certain  number  of  years'  copyright. 
The  newly  established  press  contracted  with  the 
Stationers'  Hall  Company  not  to  print  Bibles  and 
certain  other  remunerative  literature  for  the  space  of 
three  years,  on  condition  of  receiving  the  sum  of  two 
hundred  pounds  a  year,  to  be  devoted  to  the  purchase  of 
stock.  Trouble  was  taken  to  get  a  skilled  compositor 
from  Leyden  for  the  Oriental  languages,  for  at  Leyden 
the  Arabic  works  of  Erpenius  had  appeared.  Great 


Laud's  Educational  Work. 


85 


encouragement  was  given  to  those  who  would  undertake 
the  publication  of  Bodleian  MSS.  And  indeed,  when 
the  King's  printers  in  London  had  published  a  Bible 
marred  by  the  omission  of  the  negative  in  the  Seventh 
Commandment,  and  had  thereby  incurred  a  fine,  Laud 
got  them  excused  the  fine  on  condition  of  their  pur- 
chasing matrices  of  Greek  type,  and  publishing  at  their 
own  expense  one  Greek  text  a  year ;  an  achievement 
to  which  he  attaches  so  much  importance  that  he 
mentions  it  at  the  end  of  his  diary  among  the  main  pro- 
jects of  his  life  which  he  had  succeeded  in  accomplishing. 
In  the  chapter  of  the  statutes  containing  regulations  for 
the  newly-founded  press  the  university  is  instructed  to 
see  that  the  paper,  types,  and  other  appliances  employed 
should  be  the  best  of  their  kind  ;  a  regulation  which  the 
press  has  to  this  day  most  faithfully  observed.  A  chief 
typographer  was  to  be  appointed  to  see  after  this ;  and 
to  make  him  more  faithful  he  was  to  have  the  reversion 
of  a  fairly  lucrative  post.  The  three  printers  whom 
Laud  provided  for  the  university  then  have  swollen 
in  the  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  into  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  important  establishments  in  the  world. 

Another  honourable  monument  of  Laud's  care  for 
the  university  is  to  be  found  in  his  benefactions  to  the 
Bodleian  Library,  to  which  he  added  an  extra  wing  to 
contain  his  gifts.  The  Bodleian  Library,  which  has 
since  acquired  a  world-wide  fame,  was  then  a  recent 
foundation.  The  old  university  library  founded  by 
Humphrey  Uuke  of  Gloucester,  had  fallen  into  a 
ruinous  condition,  when  in  1597  Sir  Thomas  Bodley 


86 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


undertook  to  repair  and  furnish  it  at  his  own  cost,  and 
also  to  endow  it  with  a  sum  of  money  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books.  Laud's  gifts  of  MSS.  and  coins  were 
made  repeatedly  during  his  Chancellorship,  and  each 
time  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  university  in  most 
effusive  terms.  This  language  was  not  unmerited; 
for  the  MSS.  were  over  1,300  in  number,  and  in  a  score 
of  languages.  By  his  influence  with  his  predecessor  he 
had  previously  procured  for  the  library  the  important 
Baroccian  collection  of  Greek  MSS.,  and  he  also 
procured  a  collection  from  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  which  till 
the  time  of  the  present  librarian  was  not  separated  from 
the  Laudian  collection.  The  conditions  of  gift  forbade 
the  lending  out  of  these  MSS.  for  any  other  purpose  than 
publishing,  and  the  rule  which  now  holds  is  stricter  still. 
Had  the  Oxford  scholars  been  more  energetic  and  taken 
advantage  of  Laud's  conditions,  some  at  least  of  the 
great  light  that  has  been  thrown  on  the  East  in  this 
century  by  the  publication  of  so  much  of  its  literature  at 
Oriental  and  continental  presses  might  have  been  antici- 
pated here.  In  the  collections  of  photographs  intended  to 
serve  as  specimens  of  the  Laudian  benefactions  there  is  a 
page  of  Ghazzali's  "  Revival  of  the  Religious  Sciences," 
a  work  of  so  much  authority  among  the  Mohammedans 
that  it  has  been  thought  that,  if  the  rest  of  their  litera- 
ture were  to  perish,  this  book  would  suffice  to  give  the 
world  a  true  account  of  Islam.  The  book,  though  not 
unknown  to  Pococke,  remained  unprinted  till  the 
middle  of  the  present  century  ;  had  it  been  published 
with  a  translation  it  might  have  served  better  perhaps 


Land's  Educational  Work. 


87 


than  any  other  work  to  enlighten  the  world  on  the 
strength  and  weakness  of  Mohammedanism.  The  copy 
of  the  Samaritan  Pentateuch  was  presented  to  Laud  by 
Archbishop  Ussher.  Ussher  had  been  one  of  the  first 
to  introduce  this  document  into  Europe,  and  had  indeed 
purposed  publishing  it,  but  had  been  unable  to  find  a 
bookseller  willing  to  undertake  the  risk.  It  was  printed 
shortly  after  Laud's  time  in  Bishop  Walton's  Polyglot. 
The  Graeco-Latin  MS.  of  the  Acts  is  thought  to  have 
been  the  identical  copy  used  by  the  Venerable  Bede. 
One  of  the  Persian  MSS.  photographed  represents  one 
of  several  copies  in  Laud's  possession  of  the  famous 
Rose-garden  of  Sa'di,  the  publication  of  which  might 
have  fitly  inaugurated  the  study  of  Persian  in  England  ; 
but  this  language  was  then  known  to  very  few  in 
Europe,  and  but  a  few  years  before  Laud's  time 
Casaubon  complained  that  he  could  get  no  grammar  of 
it.  Many  other  of  the  languages  in  the  collection  were 
in  the  same  case.  Laud  obtained  these  MSS.  partly 
by  sending  agents  as  we  know  ;  but  we  are  also  told 
that  owing  to  his  fame  as  an  antiquarian  everyone  who 
had  any  curiosity  to  dispose  of  naturally  brought  it  to 
Laud. 

But  not  only  did  he  enrich  the  university  with  which 
he  was  more  particularly  connected,  with  monuments 
of  his  beneficence;  his  watchful  eye  surveyed  the  whole 
educational  field  to  notice  what  was  amiss  or  wanting. 
As  Archbishop  he  had  the  right  of  visiting  the  colleges  of 
Eton  and  Winchester,  and  his  dealings  with  the  former 
institution  show  both  vigilance  and  justice.    The  relations 


88 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


he  had  with  Winchester  were  purely  ecclesiastical ;  but 
a  curious  letter  exists  from  him  to  the  Visitor  of  New 
College,  Oxford,  pointing  out  how  few  distinguished  men 
were  produced  by  William  of  Wykeham's  joint  foundation 
and  suggesting  a  curious  reason  for  the  phenomenon  ; 
this  was  the  too  early  training  of  the  New  College 
scholars  in  Calvin's  Institutes,  a  book  of  which  he  speaks 
with  respect,  but  regards  as  fitted  for  advanced  students 
rather  than  beginners.  It  was  in  order  to  prevent  the 
students  from  the  Channel  Islands  going  to  Geneva  to 
study  theology,  and  there  drinking  too  deeply  of  the 
waters  of  Calvinism  that  he  obtained  money  to  found 
fellowships  for  their  benefit  at  Exeter,  Jesus  and  Pem- 
broke Colleges.  At  an  early  period  of  his  career  he 
dissuaded  Buckingham  from  sequestrating  the  funds  of 
the  Charterhouse.  He  provided  statutes  for  the  Cathedral 
School  of  Canterbury.  We  have  already  seen  what  he 
did  for  Reading. 

He  was  made  Chancellor  of  the  newly-founded 
University  of  Dublin  against  his  will,  as  he  thought 
Archbishop  Ussher,  being  on  the  spot,  could  have  done 
more  for  the  place ;  but  Ussher,  though  perhaps  more 
profoundly  learned  than  his  colleague,  was  wanting  in 
firmness  and  power  of  organization,  and  was  conscious 
of  these  defects.  This  office  was  with  Laud  no 
sinecure,  as  his  correspondence  with  Strafford  sufficiently 
proves ;  and  by  the  Charter  and  Code  which  he  provided, 
he  left  a  permanent  mark  on  Trinity  College.  The 
arrangement  by  which  the  Fellowships,  which  had 
originally  been   of  seven  years'  duration,  were  made 


Laud's  Educational  Work. 


89 


tenable  for  life,  was  the  most  important  innovation  in  his 
code. 

These  then  are  the  chief  facts  which  have  been 
collected  about  Laud's  work  as  an  educational  reformer 
and  benefactor  ;  the  catalogue  is  not  complete,  but  the 
whole  of  it,  or  half  of  it,  would  be  more  than  enough  for 
an  ordinary  lifetime  ;  and  when  we  reflect  that  the 
educational  work  of  Laud  was  a  parergon  or  subordinate 
employment  of  one  who  was  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
and  chief  adviser  to  the  king,  the  amount  of  work  done 
appears  yet  more  marvellous. 

Viewed  merely  as  a  means  of  perpetuating  the 
name, — a  desire  common  to  the  majority  of  mankind, 
though  pursued  in  a  variety  of  ways, — educational  and 
literary  endowments  are  probably  the  most  practical  ; 
the  love  of  knowledge  is  common  to  all  well-regulated 
minds,  and  institutions  intended  for  its  benefit  command 
the  widest  and  most  intelligent  sympathy.  But  in  Laud's 
case  this  was  not  the  only  motive,  nor  has  it  been  the 
chief  result. 

When  Laud  says  in  one  of  his  farewell  letters  to 
the  university  that  no  Chancellor  had  ever  loved  it  as 
he,  his  words  are  probably  nearer  the  truth  than  those 
of  most  people  who  describe  their  sentiments.  The 
peculiar  character  of  the  English  universities  inspires  a 
kind  of  attachment  to  them  to  which  it  is  improbable 
that  the  Continent  offers  any  parallel.  Continental 
scholars  study  at  several  universities,  whence  their 
attachments  are  for  particular  teachers  rather  than  any 
particular  place.    An  English  university  claims  sole  and 


go  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


undivided  allegiance,  and  by  endeavouring  to  do  far 
more  for  a  man  than  merely  instruct  him,  claims  a  large 
share  of  his  affection.  Laud  loved  his  university  as 
only  an  Englishman  can. 

His  love  of  learning  was  besides  very  genuine,  and 
raised  him  above  many  of  the  petty  prejudices  of  his 
time.  The  apology  which  he  makes  to  the  university 
for  presenting  it  with  a  specimen  of  an  Indian  idol  shows 
that  in  his  time  such  a  gift  might  be  misinterpreted  ; 
"  though  most  averse  to  idolatry  himself,  he  would,  by 
this  gift,  better  enable  the  University  to  deride  the  super- 
stition of  the  Gentiles."  And  indeed  one  of  the  accusa- 
tions brought  against  him  at  his  trial  was  that  he  had 
in  his  possession  several  copies  of  the  Koran,  to  which 
he  very  properly  returns  a  scornful  answer.  He  found 
time  among  his  varied  duties  to  classify  and  catalogue 
the  large  collection  of  ancient  coins  which  he  presented 
(it  must  be  confessed,  under  somewhat  stringent  regula- 
tions) to  the  Bodleian  Library.  His  correspondence  with 
Vossius  shows  that  he  followed  with  interest  that 
scholar's  efforts  in  the  fields  of  ancient  history,  philology, 
archaeology,  and  rhetoric. 

Thirdly,  his  scheme  of  a  great  national  Church  was 
was  ever  present  to  his  mind.  In  his  educational  policy 
these  three  motives  are  mixed,  and  cannot  easily  be 
severed. 

The  immediate  result  of  his  university  policy  was, 
as  Mr.  Simpkinson  has  shown,  a  great  advance  in  the 
numbers  of  the  students,  and  in  the  efficiency  of  the 
teaching.     That  he  did  not  abolish  the  whole  of  the 


Land's  Educational  Work.  yi 

cumbrous  and  pedantic  system  of  exercises,  which  long 
after  his  time  continued  to  stifle  practical  study,  is 
scarcely  to  be  wondered  at ;  his  mind  was  averse  from 
radical  reforms,  and  aimed,  like  that  of  many  an 
English  reformer,  at  the  restoration  of  an  ideal 
antiquity.  He  was  not  so  much  an  original  constructor, 
as  a  skilful  administrator,  bent  on  rendering  existing 
machinery  more  and  more  effective.  For  more  than  a 
century  "  the  Oxford  of  Laud  "  remained  much  as  he  had 
left  it;  in  succeeding  expansions  his  work  was  included, 
but  not  effaced. 


IV. 


LAUD   IN  CONTROVERSY. 


The  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton,  B.D.,  Fellow  and 
Tutor  of  S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 


LAUD   IN  CONTROVERSY.* 


It  has  fallen  to  my  lot  to  treat  of  a  subject  which  I 
would  willingly  avoid. 

That  controversy  should  ever  touch  the  intimate 
mysteries  of  religion,  that  man  should  ever  contend  over 
the  deep  realities  which  lie  between  his  soul  and  God,  is 
a  very  piteous  feature  of  the  world  as  we  know  it.  It 
gives  the  readiest  handle  to  opponents,  to  men  of  bad  life 
and  men  of  illreasoned  belief.  And  it  is  a  reproach 
which  Christians  must  bear,  even  when  they  do  not 
deserve  it.  No  scoff  is  more  ready  than  that  against  the 
odium  theologicum,  and  we  cannot  easily  cure  the  sting  of 
Gibbon's  contemptuous  references  to  the  disputes  of 
"  theological  insects." 

And  indeed  for  ourselves,  if  we  claim  to  judge  justly 
and  dispassionately,  and  as  men  to  whom  the  religion  of 
Christ  is  the  one  thing  which  brightens  and  glorifies  life, 
there  cannot  but  be  a  constant  clear  and  unhesitating 
condemnation  of  controversy  as  we  too  often  have  read 
of  its  use  in  the  past  and  as  we  have  too  often  seen  its 
expression  to-day.  No  sphere  of  human  action  more 
clearly  needs  to  be  brought  under  the  rule  of  Christ  than 
the  sphere  of  controversy. 

So  long  as  men  believe  any  truth  to  be  vital  :  so 
long  as  men  recognise  that  a  firm  and  carefully  reasoned 
belief,  based  upon  settled  foundations,  is  a  necessity  for 

*  This  lecture  is  printed  as  delivered.  Thus  references  are 
added  only  in  a  few  cases. 


96  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


any  man  who  is  called  upon  to  think  as  well  as  to  pray : 
so  long  in  fact  as  men  recognise  that  there  is  any  truth 
or  any  science  at  all,  and  that  these  must  be  matters  of 
constant  enquiry — so  long  there  will  be  controversy. 
Our  Divine  Master  Himself  could  not  avoid  it,  and  He 
left  us,  as  always,  principles,  perfect  and  permanent,  to 
guide  us  when  we  too  must  establish  our  teaching  and 
our  belief  by  argument.  Absolutely  fearless  assertion  of 
the  truth  as  we  know  it  :  a  stern  denunciation  of  anything 
like  unreality  in  argument,  or  sham,  or  subterfuge,  and  of 
those  who  "hold  the  truth  in  unrighteousness:"  a  readi- 
ness to  take  the  ground,  and  use  the  materials,  of  the 
adversary — to  argue  with  him,  that  is,  on  his  own  prin- 
ciples, from  the  truths  which  appeal  to  his  own  mind  : 
these  I  suppose  are  some  of  the  lessons  which  we  take 
from  the  controversies  of  Christ.  We  learn  too,  I  venture 
to  think,  that  homely  illustration  and  irony  are  not 
incompatible  with  dignity  or  gentleness  or  an  instinctive 
reverence  for  the  holiness  and  beauty  of  Divine  Truth. 
If  we  must  controvert,  let  us  controvert  in  the  spirit  of 
Christ. 

We  are  commemorating  the  life  of  a  great  English 
Archbishop,  a  man  who  lived  in  the  thick  of  great 
fightings,  in  days  when  men  could  as  readily  battle  for 
their  convictions  with  the  sword  as  with  the  pen.  It  is 
impossible  for  us  to  avoid  considering  the  attitude  of 
William  Laud  towards  controversy  in  general  and 
towards  the  controversies  of  his  day. 

Laud  was  not  a  controversialist.  There  are  men 
whose  work  in  the  world  it  clearly  is  to  "  contend 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


97 


earnestly  for  the  Faith,"  as  well  as  men  whose  is  the 
more  obviously  beautiful  calling  to  "minister  to  indi- 
vidual souls."  Upon  Laud  was  laid  something  of  the 
insistence  of  both  these  great  demands.  But  he  was  not 
absolutely  given  up  to  either  of  them.  He  does  not  stand 
with  either  Hooker  or  George  Herbert.  We  do  not  know 
much  of  his  work  as  a  parish  priest.  In  controversy — 
properly  so  called — that  is,  literary  controversy — we 
know  that  he  mingled  only  as  it  were  by  accident.  He 
did  not  sit  down  as  a  scholar  in  his  study  to  write  a 
great  book  to  demolish  his  opponent :  he  was  called 
suddenly,  on  pressing  and  almost  unexpected  occasions, 
to  make  public  assertion  of  the  views  which  he  held,  and 
that  as  champion  of  the  Church  to  which  he  belonged. 
And  his  controversial  works  are  but  three  : 

(1)  A  relation  of  the  Conference  between  William 

Laud,  then  Lrd.  Bishop  of  S.  David's,  and 
Mr.  Fisher  the  Jesuite. 

(2)  The  answer  to  the  speech  of  Lord  Saye  and 

Sele  touching  the  Liturgy. 

(3)  The  answer  to  the  speech  of  Lord  Saye  and 

Sele  upon  the  bill  about  the  Bishops'  power  in 
Civil  affairs. 

There  is  other  controversial  matter,  of  course,  in  his 
works.  The  speech  upon  Prynne,  Burton  and  Bastwick, 
for  instance,  contains  some  brief  answers  to  their  attacks 
upon  Church  order — but  these  three  publications  are  all 
that  can  be  called  strictly  controversial.  And  these  are 
"  occasional "  writings.    Laud's  work  was  that  of  an 

H 


98 


Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


administrator :  he  was  called  suddenly  to  answer  some 
opponents :  he  made  his  reply  and  went  back  to  his 
proper  work. 

I  think  it  is  fair  to  say  that  he  was  not  a  contro- 
versialist ;  but  since  he  could  not  avoid  controversy  it  is 
necessary  to  a  complete  estimate  of  his  power  and  of  his 
work  that  we  should  discuss  the  positions  he  assumed 
and  the  methods  by  which  he  argued  them. 

It  will  be  best,  I  think,  that  I  should  speak  first, 
briefly,  of  his  two  answers  to  Puritan  attacks. 

Lord  Saye  and  Sele  was  an  obstinate  and  eccentric 
nobleman  with  that  curious  and  unwarranted  confidence 
in  his  own  judgment,  and  that  ignorant  contempt  for  the 
opinions  and  the  birth  of  other  people,  which  sit  so 
characteristically  upon  some  reforming  peers.  Both  the 
speeches  of  his  to  which  Laud  thought  fit  to  write 
answers  were  made  after  the  Archbishop  was  im- 
prisoned, and  when  he  was  unable  to  answer  for  himself 
in  debate  in  the  House  of  Lords — and  there  was  a 
special  meanness  in  such  an  attack  as  Lord  Saye's, 
when  the  object  of  it  was  standing  trial  for  his  life. 

The  first  speech  "  touching  the  Liturgy  "*  was 
divided  into  three  parts,  (i)  a  contemptuous  account  of 
Laud's  origin  and  career ;  (2)  a  plea  for  extemporary 
rather  than  written  forms  of  public  worship  ;  (3)  a  vindi- 
cation of  himself  and  his  friends  from  the  charge  of 
separatism.  To  the  first  point  the  Archbishop  had  a  very 
dignified  reply  :  and  indeed  the  matter  does  not  concern 
us.    The  birth  of  an  archbishop  neither  justifies  nor 

*  Laud's  reply  is  in  his  Works  (1857)  Vol.  VI.  pp.  83  sqq. 


Land  in  Controversy. 


99 


condemns  his  theology.  To  the  two  other  points  there 
was  more  need  to  reply,  and  it  is  not  without  interest 
to-day,  when  we  have  been  told  that  there  could  have 
been  no  dissent  but  for  Laud,  to  observe  the  form  the 
reply  took. 

A  vindication  of  the  right  of  the  Church  to  ordain 
set  forms  of  prayer.  The  apostles  certainly  had  power, 
and  exercised  it,  to  enjoin  doctrine,  and  used  a  form  of 
ordination  by  imposition  of  hands,  and  a  "form  of  whole- 
some words."  And,  indeed,  "  no  question  can  be  made 
but  that  the  Church  of  Christ  had  and  hath  still  as  much 
power  to  ordain  a  set  form  of  prayer  as  any  of  these 
things."  Lord  Saye  and  Sele  said  that  the  use  of  fixed 
forms  of  prayer  made  men  preach  but  poorly.  There 
have  been  at  different  times  many  reasons  given  for  bad 
sermons.  This  of  Lord  Saye's  was  a  strange  reason  in  a 
church  of  great  preachers  and  of  fixed  forms,  and  Laud 
had  no  difficulty  in  showing  its  absurdity.  Again,  would 
not  learned  bishops  be  better  employed  in  making  prayers 
of  their  own  than  in  repeating  those  of  other  people  ? 
Laud  answers  this  too,  and  sums  up  by  saying,  "  The 
question  is  not  whether  a  negligent  set  form  of  prayer, 
or  a  good  form  of  set  prayer  negligently  and  without 
devotion  offered  up  to  God  (as  too  often  they  are,  God 
help  us),  be  better  than  other  prayers,  carefully  composed 
and  devoutly  uttered  ;  but  simply  whether  a  good  set 
form  of  prayer  (such  as  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of 
England  is)  be  made  so  evil,  only  by  the  enjoining  of  it, 
as  that  therefore  the  service  itself  ought  to  be  refused." 
It  was,  indeed,  a  strange  contention  to  which  Lord  Saye 

H2 


ioo  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


had  brought  himself — that  because  forms,  lawful  in 
themselves,  had  been  enjoined  by  public  authority,  they 
must  be  rejected  by  the  individual  conscience. 

The  question  of  separatism  brings  us  still  more 
clearly  into  the  controversies  of  the  present  day.  Lord 
Saye  and  Sele  assumed  the  position  with  which  we  are 
now  familiar — that  by  adherence  to  the  Universal  or 
Catholic  Church  was  meant  nothing  more  than  the 
holding  of  the  chief  articles  of  the  Christian  faith,  that 
there  was  no  schism  but  in  rejecting  these,  and  that 
every  particular  church  and  congregation  might  do  as  it 
pleased  in  the  matter  of  order,  of  liturgy,  of  worship. 
Two  lines  of  argument  may  be  taken  up  in  answer  to 
this :  (i)  The  lawful  demand  of  authority  upon  the 
individual  conscience  ;  (2)  The  practical  impossibility  of 
differing  in  order  and  worship  from  the  Church  without 
also  departing  from  the  faith.  Both  these  Laud 
emphasises.  It  is  absurd  to  deny  that  you  separate 
when  history  and  the  evidences  of  men's  eyes  and  ears 
are  against  you.  "  I  humbly  conceive  that  it  is  certain 
that  he,  whoever  he  be  that  will  not  communicate  in 
public  prayer  with  a  National  church  which  serves  God 
as  she  ought,  is  a  separatist.  But  the  Church  of 
England,  as  it  stands  established  by  law,  serves 
God  as  she  ought ;  therefore,  my  lord,  by  his  general 
absenting  himself  from  her  commands  in  prayer,  is  a 
separatist." 

This  is  a  logical  and  complete  answer.  You  must 
allow  those  who  have  adhered  to  a  continuous  historic 
religious  body  to  define  what  they  mean  by  separation 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


101 


from  it.  And  Churchmen  considered  Lord  Saye  and 
his  school  to  be  separatists. 

It  was  as  easy  to  show  that  Brownists  and  Indepen- 
dents had  in  many  cases  departed  from  the  Faith — and 
indeed,  that  all  Anabaptists  and  Brownists  "  agree  that 
the  Church  of  England  is  unchristian  :  "  and  it  was  a 
good  occasion  for  a  stern  condemnation  of  Calvinism. 
"  Almost  all  of  them  say  that  God  from  all  eternity 
reprobates  by  far  the  greater  part  of  mankind  to  eternal 
fire,  without  any  eye  at  all  to  their  sin.  Which  opinion 
my  very  soul  abominates.  For  it  makes  God,  the  God 
of  all  mercies,  to  be  the  most  fierce  and  unreasonable 
tyrant  in  the  world.  For  the  question  is  not  here,  what 
God  may  do  by  an  absolute  act  of  power,  would  He  so 
use  it  upon  the  creature  which  He  made  of  nothing ;  but 
what  He  hath  done,  and  what  stands  with  His  wisdom, 
justice  and  goodness  to  do." 

Laud  knew  at  least  how  to  go  to  the  root  of  the 
matter,  and  in  this  answer  he  puts  it  very  clearly  that 
the  Puritan  position  was  nothing  but  this — that  the 
Church  government  of  the  day  was  unchristian  and  the 
Church  wrong  in  fundamentals. 

The  second  speech  of  Lord  Saye's  which  Laud 
answered  was  his  oration  against  the  Bishops  on  the  Bill 
for  taking  away  their  votes  in  the  House  of  Lords. 
The  Archbishop's  answer*  was  a  defence  of  the  historic 
Ministry,  (i)  He  sketched  the  history  of  the  priesthood 
in  the  Old  Testament,  showing  its  Divine  sanction  and 
its  continuous  succession,  and  the  place  of  the  priesthood 

*  IVorks  Vol  VI  pp  147  sqq 


io2  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


in  temporal  affairs.  "  Nothing  of  like  antiquity  can 
well  be  more  clear  than  that  four  thousand  years  before, 
and  under,  the  Law,  the  priests,  especially  the  chief 
priests,  did  meddle  in  and  help  manage  the  greatest  tem- 
poral affairs."  (2)  He  discussed  the  bearing  of  the  Old 
Testament  on  Christian  usage.  (3)  He  defended  the 
historic  order  of  Episcopacy  — "  It  is  the  constant  and 
universal  tradition  of  the  whole  Church  of  Christ,  which 
is  of  greatest  authority  next  to  Scripture  itself,  that 
Bishops  are  successors  of  the  Apostles  and  presbyters 
made  in  resemblance  of  the  seventy  disciples."  (4)  He 
explained,  and  justified  by  history  and  the  advantage  of 
the  nation,  the  right  of  Bishops  to  sit  in  the  House  of 
Lords.  Some  shrewd  sayings  must  have  gone  home. 
"  The  Bishops  of  England  have  been  accounted,  and  truly 
been,  grave  and  experienced  men,  and  far  fitter  to  have 
votes  in  Parliaments  for  the  making  of  laws  than  many 

young  youths  that  are  in  either  House   If  they 

spend  their  younger  studies,  before  they  meddle  with 
divinity,  as  they  may  and  ought,  sure  there  is  some  great 
defect  in  them,  if  they  be  not  as  knowing  men  in  the  rules 
of  government  as  most  noblemen.  Others  there  are  who 
spend  all  their  younger  time  in  hawking  and  hunting, 
and  somewhat  else."  From  this  he  passes  to  a  general 
justification  of  clergymen's  mingling  in  civil  affairs — 
a  sensible  and  temperate  assertion  of  the  wisdom  of 
admitting  their  share  in  the  common  life.  In  history, 
indeed,  Laud  was  more  than  a  match  for  his  opponents. 
The  Constitution  recognises,  for  a  longer  time  that  it 
recognises  any  other  power  but  that  of  the  Crown,  the 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


right  of  the  Bishops  to  sit  in  the  chief  council  of  the 
nation. 

All  this  is  very  tedious — we  may  think,  naturally, 
to-day — and  yet  it  has  a  certain  significance  for  our  own 
time.  But  the  important  point  to  observe  is  that, — with 
all  the  tedious  emphasis  on  detail  which  makes  the 
seventeenth  century  controversies  so  intolerable  to 
modern  taste — Laud  always  contrives  (i)  to  seize  the 
true  point  at  issue,  and  (2)  to  raise  the  discussion  to  the 
highest  level.  Lord  Saye's  two  speeches  against  the 
Liturgy  and  against  the  possession  by  the  clergy  of  any 
political  power  afford  the  Archbishop  the  occasion  of 
showing  in  clear  but  temperate  language  that  a  fixed 
form  of  worship  is  more  reasonable,  more  historical  and 
more  reverent  than  extemporary  effusions,  and  that 
reason,  history  and  common  sense  allow  to  the  clergy 
(who  owe  their  spiritual  power  nevertheless  to  God 
a  lone)  the  right  to  act  as  their  brethren,  justly,  honourably, 
and  not  as  partisans,  in  the  politics  of  their  country. 

The  controversy  in  which  Laud  was  engaged  with 
the  Puritans  was  doubtless  keenest  in  practical  life  ;  but 
his  printed  works  show  as  clearly  what  the  real  point  of 
contention  was.  Should  the  English  Church  depart  from 
her  history  and  undergo  a  new  reformation  after  the 
model  of  the  foreign  Protestants  ?  To  this  Laud  by  his 
writings,  as  by  his  deeds,  has  helped  her  to  answer  deci- 
sively No. 

These  two  pamphlets,  in  which  his  reply  to  the 
Puritan  attack  is  summarised,  have  a  pathetic  interest. 
They  were  written  by  the  old  man  in  the  Tower,  weak 


104  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 

and  ailing,  and  standing  in  deadly  peril  of  his  life.  They 
were  his  protest  for  what  he  believed  to  be  the  right, 
uttered  when  others  were  silent  who  might  with  much 
less  danger  to  themselves  have  spoken.  They  showed, 
if  nothing  else,  the  indomitable  courage  of  the  man  and 
his  deep  sincerity.  The  Church  system  was  to  him  no 
accretion  upon  a  primitive  faith  but  its  true  and 
eloquent  expression  ;  and  what  he  held  for  truth,  that  no 
terrors  could  induce  him  to  suppress. 

Interesting  though  these  pamphlets  are,  Laud's 
fame  as  a  champion  of  the  English  Church  in  con- 
troversial writing  rests  indubitably  on  his  contribution 
to  the  conflict  with  Rome.  No  writer  of  his  age  was  so 
famous  on  this  ground.  The  English  Church  welcomed 
his  book  as  the  clearest  expression  of  her  principles  that 
had  ever  been  produced.  Clergy  and  laity  alike  read 
and  re-read  it.  Contemporary  literature  is  full  of 
references  to  it.  The  King,  as  we  know,  analysed  it 
himself :  and  in  that  last  pathetic  interview  with  his 
children  gave  it  to  them,  with  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical 
Polity  and  Andrewes's  Sermons.  I  love  those  passages 
in  the  memoirs  of  Herbert  and  of  Warwick,  which 
speak  of  the  King's  last  gift,  and  of  Laud's  own 
position.* 

*  The  evidence  which  he  gave  against  Popery  is  manifested  by 
as  learned  and  as  judicious  a  book  (and  so  acknowledged  even  by 
his  adversaries)  as  ever  was  written  on  the  subject  by  any  man  since 
the  Reformation,  and  is  so  esteemed  by  all  abroad  as  well  as  at 
home.  Which  book  was  so  well  digested  by  his  Master's  Royal 
heart  and  hand  (for  Bishop  Andrewes,  Laud,  and  Hooker  were  this 
Prince's  three  great  authors)  that  if  that  epitome  which  His  Majesty 


Laud  in  Controversy.  105 

They  are — the  three  books — indeed  a  choice  ex- 
pression of  the  best  side  of  English  Theology,  patient, 
honest,  learned,  clear,  devout. 

Laud's  conference  with  Fisher  ::  was  like  many  of 
the  controversies  of  the  time,  caused  by  a  pressing 
personal  case  of  conscience.  The  Countess  of  Bucking- 
ham, mother  of  the  brilliant  George  Villiers,  had 
probably  already  been  converted  to  Romanism,  by  one 
Percy,  or  Fisher,  a  very  notable  Jesuit  :  she  had  been 
followed  by  her  son's  wife,  and  the  Duke  himself  seemed 
very  likely  to  be  lost  to  the  English  Church.  Conferences 
at  first  took  place,  by  Buckingham's  wish  or  the  King's 
command,  between  Dr.  Francis  White,  Rector  of  S. 
Peter's,  Cornhill,  and  Fisher.  After  two  meetings  had 
been  held,  the  King  desired  Laud,  then  Bishop  of 
S.  David's,  to  take  part  in  the  discussion.  Fisher 
printed  his  account  of  the  conference — and  White  also  : 
and  Laud  at  last  was  compelled  to  do  the  same.  Reply 
and  retort  followed,  and  eventually  in  1639 — seventeen 
years  after  the  conference  had  taken  place — Laud  found 
it  necessary  to  publish  a  complete  record  of  the  pro- 
made  thereof,  and  I  have  seen  under  his  own  hand,  might  be  com- 
municated, it  might  be  lookt  on  as  another  eiKwv  f3au-i.ki.Ki].  And 
this  good  Bishop,  like  his  Master,  maintained  it  as  well  with  his 
blood  as  his  ink  ;  for  when  he  was  murdered  and  martyred  upon 
the  scaffold  (no  time  for  dissimulation)  he  died  with  this  profession. 
— Warwick's  Memoirs,  p.  82. 

He  gave  to  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  Andrewes's  Sermons,  Arch- 
bishop Laud  against  Fisher  (which  book,  the  King  said,  would 
ground  her  against  Popery),  and  also  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Polity. 
— Herbert's  Memoirs,  p.  130. 

*  Printed  in  his  Works,  Vol.  ii. 


106  Archbishop  Laud  Commemovation. 

ceedings.  The  form  of  the  book  makes  it  irksome 
reading  to  moderns.  Sentence  by  sentence  Fisher's 
book  is  taken,  and  dissected,  and  answered.  Such  a 
method  has  the  advantage  of  completeness,  but  it  can 
hardly  fail  to  be  extremely  tedious.  It  is  difficult  to 
collect  and  marshal  the  arguments  :  it  is  hard  to  see 
the  wood  for  the  trees. 

I  must,  however,  give  some  account  of  the  con- 
tents of  this  famous  book  before  I  enquire  as  to  the 
principles  upon  which  Laud  conducted  this,  his  most 
important  controversy. 

The  points  round  which  the  battle  was  fought 
were  chiefly  : 

(1)  The  Apostolic  succession  as  the  guarantee  of 

the  infallibility  of  the  Faith  in  the  Church  : 
the  Jesuit  claimed  that  this  could  be  found 
only  in  Rome. 

(2)  The  Roman  claim  that  "  the  Roman  Church 

only,  and  such  others  as  agree  with  it  in  faith, 
hath  true  Divine,  infallible  faith,  necessary  to 
salvation." 

(3)  The  Roman  statement  that  the  faith  had  never 

been  changed  by  the  Roman  Church. 

The  chief  point  was  what  was  meant  by  the  in- 
fallibility of  the  Church.  The  ground  was  very  different 
from  that  of  the  Puritan  contention.  It  was  admitted  by 
both  sides  that  there  is  a  continual  and  visible  Church  : 
but  the  meaning  of  its  infallibility  was  in  question. 

And  first  there  was  the  familiar  Roman  claim  that 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


the  Fathers  recognised  the  Roman  Church  as  infallible. 
Here  it  is  little  more  than  a  question  of  translation. 
S.  Cyprian  and  S.  Jerome  and  S.  Gregory  Nazianzen, 
S.  Cyril  and  Rufinus — what  did  they  mean  in  some 
passages  quoted  ?  Laud  had  no  difficulty,  we  should 
say,  in  showing  that  none  of  them  thought  of  any 
permanent  infallibility  in  the  Roman  Church  or  Bishops. 
And  to  that  point  he  returns  when  the  arguments  are 
summed  up  at  the  end  of  the  controversy.  There  is  no 
Scriptural  or  primitive  warrant  for  an  infallible  Pope. 
A  Jesuit  attacking  Laud's  book  some  years  later  appears 
to  have  conceded  this  point,  for  he  says,  "  Catholic 
faith  (in  this  particular)  only  obliges  us  to  maintain  that 
the  Pope  is  infallible  when  he  defines  with  a  general 
council."* 

From  a  general  denial  of  the  Pope's  infallibility 
Laud  passes  to  a  particular  assertion  of  the  errors  of  the 
Roman  Church  and  Bishops  in  special  points — in  the 
"  worship  of  images,  and  in  altering  Christ's  institution 
in  the  Blessed  Sacrament,  by  taking  away  the  cup  from 
the  people,  and  divers  other  particulars."  But  first  he 
examines  the  position  of  the  Greek  Church  as  a  perma- 
nent witness  against  the  exclusive  claim  of  Rome. 
"  They  continue  a  true  Church  in  the  main  substance 
to  and  at  this  day."  The  Filioque  controversy  is  dis- 
cussed with  a  clearness  and  accuracy  that  is  none  too 
common.  "  That  divers  learned  men  were  of  opinion 
that  a  Filio  et per  Filium,  in  the  sense  of  the  Greek  Church, 
was  but  a  question  in  modo  loquendi  "  in  manner  of 


*  Lund's  Labyrinth,  p.  143. 


io8  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


speech,  and  therefore  not  fundamental,  is  evident."* 
"  You,"  he  says,  turning  to  his  Jesuit  antagonist,  "  You 
may  make  them  no  Church  (as  Bellarmine  doth),  and 
so  deny  them  salvation,  which  cannot  be  had  out  of  the 
true  Church  ;  but  I  for  my  part  dare  not  do  so.  And 
Rome  in  this  particular  should  be  more  moderate,  if  it 
be  but  because  this  article,  Filioque,  was  added  to  the 
Creed  by  herself.  And  it  is  hard  to  add  and  anathema- 
tise too.  It  ought  to  be  no  easy  thing  to  condemn  a 
man  in  foundation  of  faith  ;  much  less  a  church  ;  least 
of  all  so  ample  and  large  a  Church  as  the  Greek, 
especially  so  as  to  make  them  no  Church.  Heaven's 
gates  were  not  so  easily  shut  against  multitudes,  when 
S.  Peter  wore  the  keys  at  his  own  girdle. "t  Here  again 
Laud  showed  his  keen  insight  into  really  vital  points  : 
the  permanence  of  the  Orthodox  Greek  Church  is  a 
standing  refutation  of  the  exclusive  claim  of  Rome. 

From  this  arose  a  discussion  as  to  what  were 
fundamentals  of  the  Faith  :  Laud  said  "  the  Articles  of 
the  Creed."  Here  occurs  the  curious  passage  in  which 
Laud  appears  to  maintain  the  actual  descent  of  our 
Blessed  Lord  into  the  lowest  pit  of  hell  and  place  of  the 
damned,"  and  not  merely  into  the  limbus  patrum,  or  into 
Hades — appears  only,  for  it  cannot  be  said  that  he  clearly 
states  the  opinion,  for  he  declares  that  "the  Church  of 
England  takes  the  words  as  they  are  in  the  Creed,  and 
believes  them  without  further  dispute,  and  in  that  sense 
which  the  ancient  primitive  fathers  of  the  Church  agreed 
in."    And  this  leads  naturally  to  the  discussion  of  the 


*  Laud's  Works  Vol  ii.  p.  27.  t  ll>.  p.  29. 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


iog 


liberty  which  the  Church  allows.  Here  England,  says 
Laud,  stands  boldly  free  and  tolerant,  where  Rome  is 
rigid  and  bitter. 

"  She  comes  far  short  of  the  Church  of  Rome's 
severity,  whose  anathemas  are  not  only  for  Thirty-nine 
Articles  but  for  very  many  more — above  one  hundred  in 
matter  of  doctrine — and  that  in  many  points  as  far 
remote  from  the  foundation  ;  though  to  the  far  greater 
rack  of  men's  consciences,  they  must  all  be  made  funda- 
mental, if  that  Church  have  once  determined  them  : 
whereas  the  Church  of  England  never  declared  that 
every  one  of  her  Articles  are  fundamental  in  the  faith, 
for  it  is  one  thing  to  say  No  one  of  them  is  superstitious 
or  erroneous  ;  and  quite  another  to  say  Every  one  of 
them  is  fundamental,  and  that  in  every  part  of  it,  to  all 
men's  belief.  Besides,  the  Church  of  England  prescribes 
only  to  her  own  children,  and  by  those  Articles  provides 
but  for  her  own  peaceable  consent  in  those  doctrines  of 
truth.  But  the  Church  of  Rome  severely  imposes  her 
doctrine  upon  the  whole  world,  under  pain  of  damnation."* 

The  positive  Articles  of  the  English  Church  claim 
all  to  be  founded  on  Holy  Scripture — -the  negative  to 
be  refutation  of  doctrines  not  so  founded.  But  how, 
says  the  Jesuit,  do  you  know  Scripture  to  be  Scripture  ? 
Laud  will  not  answer  "solely  by  the  tradition  of  the 
Church,"  but  rather — (i)  the  unanimous  and  constant 
witness  of  the  Church  ;  (2)  the  internal  light  and  testi- 
mony which  Scripture  gives  to  itself;  (3)  the  testimony 
of  the  Holy  Ghost  in  the  souls  of  men  ;  (4)  natural 


•  lb.  p  Co. 


no  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


reason  considering  the  books.  These  together  give 
evidence  which  may  commend  itself  to  any  thoughtful 
and  earnest  enquirer.  Reason,  indeed,  is  the  bulwark 
not  the  slave  of  religion.  "  For  though  I  set  the  mys- 
teries of  faith  above  reason,  which  is  their  proper  place, 
yet  I  would  have  no  man  think  they  contradict  reason 
or  the  principles  thereof.  No,  sure  :  for  reason  by  her 
own  light  can  discover  how  firmly  the  principles  of  reli- 
gion are  true ;  but  all  the  light  she  hath  will  never  be 
able  to  find  them  false."* 

This  question  of  evidence  for  the  Scripture  is  argued 
at  great  length  :  and  Hooker  is  cited  and  defended  :  and 
tradition  is  weighed,  and  the  Roman  claims  for  it  all 
examined  :  yet  Laud  maintains  his  position,  that  the 
supremacy  of  the  Bible  rests  upon  cumulative  not  par- 
ticular proof.  "The  key  that  lets  men  into  the  Scriptures, 
even  to  this  knowledge  of  them,  that  they  are  the  Word 
of  God,  is  the  tradition  of  the  Church  :  but  when  they 
are  in,  they  hear  Christ  Himself  immediately  speaking 
in  Scripture  to  the  faithful ;  and  '  His  sheep  '  do  not 
only  'hear'  but  know  'His  voice.' "t  Perhaps  in  few 
parts  of  his  treatise  is  Laud  more  clear  and  trenchant 
and  rational  than  he  is  here,  or  more  strictly  theological. 
Faith  and  reason  have  never  perhaps  more  clearly  had 
their  claims  vindicated  and  their  limits  admitted.  The 
terseness  of  the  language  is  the  fit  symbol  of  the  accuracy 
and  condensation  of  the  thought. 

"  Though  the  evidence  of  these  supernatural  truths, 
which  Divinity  teaches,  appears  not  so  manifest  as  that 


*  lb.  p.  89.  f  lb.  p.  115. 


Laud  in  Controversy . 


1 1 1 


of  the  natural  ;  yet  they  are  in  themselves  much  more 
sure  and  infallible  than  they.  For  they  proceed  imme- 
diately from  God  Himself,  that  Heavenly  Wisdom, 
which  being  the  foundation  of  ours,  must  needs  infinitely 
precede  ours,  both  in  nature  and  excellence.  '  He  that 
teacheth  man  knowledge  shall  not  He  know  ? '  And 
therefore,  though  we  reach  not  the  order  of  their  deduc- 
tions, nor  can  in  this  life  come  to  the  vision  of  them,  yet 
we  yield  as  full  and  firm  assent,  not  only  to  the  articles, 
but  to  all  the  things  rightly  deduced  from  them,  as  we 
do  to  the  most  evident  principles  of  natural  reason. 
This  assent  is  called  Faith  ;  and  '  faith  being  of  things 
not  seen,'  would  quite  lose  its  honour,  nay  itself,  if  it 
met  with  sufficient  grounds  in  natural  reason  whereon  to 
stay  itself.  For  faith  is  a  mixed  act  of  the  will  and  the 
understanding ;  and  the  will  inclines  the  understanding 
to  yield  full  approbation  to  that  whereof  it  sees  not  full 
proof.  Not  but  that  there  is  most  full  proof  of  them, 
but  because  the  main  grounds  which  prove  them  are 
concealed  from  our  view  and  folded  up  in  the  unrevealed 
counsel  of  God ;  God  in  Christ  resolving  to  bring 
mankind  to  their  last  happiness  by  faith  and  not  by 
knowledge,  that  so  the  weakest  among  men  may  have 
their  way  to  blessedness  open."* 

Miracles,  he  very  clearly  asserts,  even  our  Lord's 
and  the  Apostles'  miracles,  are  not  in  themselves  and  by 
themselves  "  evident  and  convincing  proofs." 

And  so  the  argument  went  on,  till  the  Countess  of 
Buckingham  herself  broached  the  question  upon  which 


*  lb.  pp.  1 18-120. 


112 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


all  depended — Would  the  Bishop  grant  the  Roman 
Church  to  be  the  right  Church  ? 

On  this  his  answer  developes  the  chief  points  on 
which  his  own  position  as  an  English  Churchman  was 
based,  and  which  he  repeated  in  his  history  written  in 
the  Tower,  as  the  only  grounds  on  which  the  English 
Church  can  justify  her  separation  from  Rome. 

There  were  errors  in  faith  into  which  Rome  had 
fallen  which  made  it  necessary  for  the  Church  of 
England  to  reform  itself.  This  she  did  without  depart- 
ing from  the  Catholic  Faith  once  for  all  delivered  to  the 
Saints.  And  she  did  not  depart  from  the  essential  unity 
of  which  that  faith  is  the  bond,  or  from  the  Apostolic 
discipline  and  ministry  which  preserve  it.  Thus  Rome 
is  a  true  Church,  though  erring — yet  not  the  true  Church. 
England  also  is  a  true  Church.  Errors  there  were  in 
the  Reformers,  as  there  were  in  the  Popes:  and  the  work 
of  Reformation  is  admittedly  a  most  difficult  one.  And 
yet  through  it  all  the  essence  has  been  preserved,  and 
the  English  protest  against  nothing  but  the  errors  of 
the  Roman  Communion. 

The  Jesuit  on  the  other  side  repeats  the  claim  of 
the  infallibility  based  on  the  Rock  of  Peter  :  and  Laud 
denies  that  the  rock  was  Peter's  person,  and  asserts 
that  it  was  his  faith.*  So  the  English  separation  is  not 
from  the  "  General  Church,"  but  from  the  Church  of 
Rome — and  "  even  here  the  Protestants  have  not  left 
the  Church  of  Rome  in  her  essence  but  in  her  errors  ; 
not  in  the  things  that  constitute  a  Church,  but  only  in 


*  lb.  p.  257. 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


such  abuses  and  corruptions  as  work  toward  the 
dissolution  of  a  Church." 

And  who  is  to  be  the  judge  ?  A  general  council : 
it  is  Laud's  appeal,  and  that  of  the  whole  English 
Church  since  the  Reformation.  And  where  that  cannot 
be  had  we  fall  back  on  the  Holy  Scriptures  :  for  the 
Council  of  Trent  had  no  general  assent  of  the  Catholic 
Church,  and  the  claim  of  the  Pope  to  continuous 
supremacy  is  contrary  to  historical  fact.  The  Church 
in  general  cannot  err  in  a  fundamental  point,  having  the 
perpetual  presence  of  Christ.  A  particular  Church  can 
err  and  particular  Churches  have  erred.  General  councils 
may  err,  as  that  of  Constance"  erred  when  it  ordered  that 
the  Holy  Eucharist  should  be  received  by  laymen  only 
under  one  kind,  and  made  this  rule  "  a  law  which  may 
not  be  refused  :  "  and  such  judgments,  being  contrary  to 
the  command  of  Christ,  may  be  reversed.  So  again 
the  debate  turns  back  upon  the  Pope's  infallibility :  and 
Laud  declares  that  the  doctrine  of  intention  alone  as 
defined  by  the  Council  of  Trent  refutes  the  claim.  For 
he  cannot  be  infallible  unless  he  be  Pope,  and  the 
intention  of  conferring  the  Sacraments  by  which  he  has 
received  his  spiritual  powers  and  privileges  cannot  be 
proved.  We  have  been  recalled  to  this  argument 
lately:  "let  us  not  forget,"  says  the  Abbe  Duchesne, 
"  that  part  of  the  French  clergy  derive  their  orders  from 
M.  de  Talleyrand." 

From  this  he  comes  to  the  errors  that  he  saw  in 
the  practice  of  the  Roman  Church  of  his  own  day  in 


*  lb.  p.  288. 


H4  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


the  common  teaching  of  Transubstantiation,  of  com- 
munion in  one  kind,  of  invocation  of  saints,  of  adoration 
of  images — errors  all  of  them  practical,  but  not  all  to  be 
found  in  the  avowed  teaching  of  the  Roman  Church. 

As  the  debate  narrows,  the  Jesuit  turns  from 
particulars,  which  are  hard  to  defend,  to  a  general 
assertion  which  appeals  powerfully  to  the  timid.  "  You 
admit,"  he  says,  in  effect,  "  that  we  may  be  saved  :  are 
you  not  safer  therefore  with  us,  as  we  deny  there  is 
salvation  in  your  Church  ? "  "  This  will  not  hold,"  replies 
Laud  :  "  on  this  ground,  indeed,  you  should  accept  the 
Anglican  doctrine  of  the  Eucharist,  for  you  only  add  the 
'  manner '  of  that  Presence  which  we  admit  to  be  Real. 
For  we  admit  the  salvation  of  Romanists  as  individuals 
not  as  members  of  the  Roman  Communion — that  is,  as 
they  believe  the  Creed  and  hold  the  foundation  Christ 
Himself,  not  as  they  associate  themselves  willingly  and 
knowingly  to  the  gross  superstitions  of  the  Romish 
Church."  Thus  obstinate  teachers  of  false  doctrine  are 
without  excuse,  though  their  sincere  and  simple  followers 
may  be  in  a  state  of  salvation. 

And  so  finally  we  return  to  the  confidence  which 
may  be  reposed  in  the  English  Church. 

"  To  believe  the  Scripture  and  the  Creeds,  to 
believe  these  in  the  sense  of  the  ancient  primitive 
Church,  to  receive  the  four  great  General  Councils,  to 
believe  all  points  of  doctrine  generally  received  as 
fundamental  in  the  Church  of  Christ,  is  a  faith  in  which 
to  live  and  die  cannot  but  give  salvation."11' 


*  lb.  p.  361. 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


"5 


More  there  is  to  be  said — an  assertion  that  the 
English  Church  truly  holds  the  Catholic  doctrines  of 
Baptism,  of  the  Real  Presence  and  the  Sacrifice  in  the 
Eucharist— (of  this  I  have  spoken  in  my  book  upon 
Laud:*  and  I  do  not  wish  to  repeat  here  what  I  have 
said  before) — but  all  returns  to  the  same  climax.  Rome 
is  not  infallible,  and  England  holds  to  the  firm  faith  of 
Christ. 

It  is  a  remarkable  and  courageous  assertion — not  I 
believe  to  be  ranked  above  that  of  the  detailed  contro- 
versialists of  the  English  Church — but  extraordinarily 
bold,  clear,  uncompromising  and  vital,  in  its  treatment 
of  the  real  questions  at  issue  between  England  and 
Rome.  Laud,  whatever  may  be  said  about  details  of 
his  book — and  those,  to  my  mind,  are  on  the  whole 
marvellously  accurate  and  appropriate — did  unquestion- 
ably go  to  the  root  of  the  matter :  and  it  is  upon  the 
lines  on  which  he  treated  it  that  the  controversy,  so  long 
as  it  continues,  and  until  God  in  His  own  good  time 
gives  us  union,  must  be  pursued. 

Remarkable  as  is  the  evidence  which  this  book 
affords  to  the  clearness  and  the  prescience  of  Laud's 
mind,  there  is  in  it,  perhaps,  a  still  greater  claim  on  the 
respect  and  gratitude  of  Christians.  It  contains  a  plea, 
large  and  liberal  indeed  for  the  times,  for  toleration  and 
mercy  and  an  avoidance  of  that  "  cursing  spirit  "  which 
Hammond,  Laud's  true  disciple,  so  strongly  condemned. 
"  The  Church  of  England  never  declared  that  every  one 
of  her  Articles  are  fundamental,"  and  "  I  will  never  take 

'William  Laud  (Methuen  &  Co.),  pp.  150-151,  237-238. 

12 


n6  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


it  upon  me  to  express  that  tenet  or  opinion,  the  denial  of 
the  foundation  only  excepted,  which  may  shut  any 
Christian,  even  the  meanest,  out  of  heaven."*  Laud  in 
this,  as  in  his  Catholicism,  expressed,  I  have  no  doubt, 
the  true  mind  of  the  English  Church. 

This,  strictly  speaking,  is  all  we  can  say  of  Laud 
in  controversy.  In  these  speeches  and  in  these  argu- 
ments alone  was  he  concerned.  He  entered  into 
controversy  swiftly  and  decisively,  but  rarely.  He  was 
not  a  controversialist,  though  he  left  memorials  of  his 
work  in  that  field  of  which  any  controversialist  might  be 
proud. 

Such  was  his  public  work  in  controversy.  In 
private,  so  far  as  we  can  judge,  we  find  him  patient  yet 
eager  in  personal  efforts  to  deal  with  individual  cases. 
Chilling  worth  was  largely  his  convert  from  Romanism. 
Hales  he  won  to  a  ready  concurrence  with  his  views. 
They  spoke  long  and  sharply  in  the  Lambeth  garden, 
walking  up  and  down  in  argument,  Heylin  tells  us,  till 
they  were  ruddy  of  countenance  and  short  of  breath, 
but  coming  at  length  to  a  perfect  agreement.  The  State 
Papers  contain  many  records  of  personal  interviews. 
Dr.  Yonge  for  instance,  writing  to  Laud  in  1631,  says 
he  himself  is  witness  of  the  Bishop's  patient  forbearance 
with  those  who  objected  to  conform,  "  giving  them  time 
to  consult  conformable  ministers  and  vouchsafing  to 
confer  with  them  himself."  Much  of  his  time,  already 
greatly  trespassed  on  by  busybodies,  was  given,  I  think 
there  can  be  little  doubt,  to  conference  with  clergy  in 


*  lb.  p.  402. 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


117 


that  fatherly  counsel  which  belongs  to  the  episcopal 
office. 

Such  instances  of  his  general  action  as  we  have, 
show  him,  in  controversy,  in  a  kindly  light.  Hasty  no 
doubt  he  was  when  he  was  busy  and  hurried ;  but  he 
had  a  genuine  readiness  to  minister  to  the  consciences 
and  to  resolve  the  doubts  of  all  those  who  came  to  him 
in  their  troubles. 

Laud,  I  have  said,  was  not  strictly  speaking  a  con- 
troversialist himself :  but  it  might  be  said  that  he  had 
an  army  of  controversialists  under  him.  Cosin,  Jeremy 
Taylor,  Widdowes,  Heylin,  Hall,  Mountague  ; — there 
are  many  more  names — indeed  his  own  chaplains  and  the 
leading  ecclesiastics  of  the  day  were  chivalrous  in 
their  readiness  to  defend  the  Archbishop's  policy  and 
principles.  Jeremy  Taylor's  "  Episcopacy  Asserted  "  is  a 
famous  defence  of  the  Divine  order  of  Bishops.  Giles 
Widdowes's  "  The  Lawless,  Kneeless,  Schismatical 
Puritan,"  is  a  sharp  popular  defence  of  Church  reverence, 
of  such  practices  (strange  that  they  should  need  defence) 
as  taking  off  the  hat  in  Church.  Prynne  answered  it, 
we  remember,  in  "  Lame  Giles  his  baitings,"  a  poor 
bit  of  railing.  Mountague  brought  popular  writing  on 
Church  principles  to  perfection,  and  was  unremitting  in 
his  attacks  on  the  "  Romish  Rangers  "  who  tried  to 
steal  the  hearts  of  his  flock,  and  in  his  assertion  of  the 
firm  hold  of  the  English  Church  on  Catholic  doctrine. 
His  anti-Roman  theses  might  have  been  of  Laud's  own 
making — certainly  they  had  Laud's  warmest  approval. 
He  asserted  "  that  the  present  Roman  Church  is  neither 


1 1 8  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


the  Catholic  Church  nor  a  sound  branch  of  the  Catholic 
Church  :  that  the  present  English  Church  is  a  sound 
member  of  the  Catholic  Church  :  and  that  none  of  the 
points  which  the  former  maintains  against  the  latter  was 
the  perpetual  doctrine  of  the  Catholic  Church  ....  or 
the  dogmatical  resolution  of  any  one  father  for  500 
years  after  Christ."  And  his  "New  Gag  for  an  Old 
Goose  "  was  just  the  kind  of  writing,  on  his  own  side,  to 
which  Laud  had  been  accustomed  in  his  youth. 
Buckingham  and  Laud  stood  firmly  by  the  side  of 
Mountague  when  he  was  attacked,  and  it  was  Laud  who 
consecrated  him  Bishop  of  Chichester,  on  the  very  day 
when  the  news  came  of  Buckingham's  assassination. 
Till  Mountague's  death,  in  1641,  Laud  and  he  were 
closely  associated — and  Mountague's  English  pamphlets, 
witty  and  popular,  must  have  greatly  assisted  in  making 
clear  to  the  people  the  anti-Papist  and  anti-Puritan 
position  which  the  next  generation  so  cordially  accepted. 

Another  man  whom  Laud  influenced  was  the  gentle, 
tolerant,  learned  Hammond,  who  did  so  much  for  the 
Church  during  the  period  of  its  suppression.  Hammond 
was  scarcely  a  controversalist,  but  from  him  proceeded 
one  of  the  best  and  noblest  statements  of  the  Church's 
tolerance,  as  opposed  to  Puritan  fanaticism,  that  these 
troubled  times  brought  forth. 

Such  names  as  Andrewes,  his  forerunner  in  con- 
troversy, from  whom,  there  can  be  no  question,  he 
derived  something  of  the  force  of  his  own  position — as 
Jeremy  Taylor,  and  Hammond  —in  their  close  con- 
nection with  the  great  Archbishop,  show  the  sympathy 


Laud  in  Controversy. 


119 


between  his  character  and  all  that  was  best  in  the 
English  theology  of  his  day. 

His  known  opinion,  his  sturdy  belief  in  the  English 
Church,  in  its  prayer  book  and  its  historic  order,  his 
knowledge  of  the  fathers  and  councils,  reacted  upon  the 
Church  of  which  he  was  so  prominent  a  member.  Thus, 
whatever  his  direct  influence  in  controversy,  his  indirect 
influence  on  thought  profoundly  affected  the  English 
Church.  He  saw  clearly  that  there  was  before  the  men 
of  his  day  the  momentous  choice  between  a  new  reforma- 
tion and  an  adherence  to  the  historic  past.  The  Puritans, 
we  must  never  forget,  would  not  be  content  to  stand  in 
the  old  paths  :  they  were  determined  to  advance, 
and  bring  the  English  Church  to  the  Genevan  model. 
It  was  this  that  Laud,  in  controversy  and  in  the 
influence  of  his  opinions  and  of  his  life,  prevented  : 
and  it  is  for  this  that  we  honour  him.  He  was,  says 
Mr.  Gladstone,  the  most  tolerant  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  for  many  generations  :  more  than  this,  he 
was  the  man  who  prevented  the  English  Church  from 
being  bound  in  the  fetters  of  an  iron  system  of  compul- 
sory and  Calvinistic  belief. 

His  work  in  controversy  was  a  protest  for  the  true 
"  undenominationalism,"  the  Catholic  simplicity  of  the 
Creed.  He  saw  and  asserted,  as  the  English  Church 
asserts,  that  the  Catholic  Faith  is  faith  in  God,  and 
centres  in  a  Person,  and  that  the  significance  of  all 
things  lies  in  their  nearness  to  or  remoteness  from  that 
centre.  The  Catholic  Faith  gives  us  a  dogmatic 
theology  which  is  concerned  primarily  with  God,  not 


i2o  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


with  invocation  of  saints,  or  purgatory,  or  justification, 
or  inspiration  :  it  does  not  give  us,  Laud  says, 
a  centralised  authority  with  power  to  elevate  any 
doctrine  outside  the  Creed  to  a  primary  position. 

If  you  grant  the  Roman  position,  faith  becomes 
merely  belief  in  the  assertions  of  a  spiritual  permanent 
oracle,  through  which  each  proposition  becomes  of 
equal  importance  and  equal  certainty.  There  are  no 
degrees  in  faith,  says  the  Romanist,  it  is  all  or  none 
— to  deny  a  detail  is  to  betray  the  whole  position. 
Thus  it  becomes  logical  and  natural  for  a  scholar  to 
renounce  Christianity  because  he  cannot  accept  the 
authorship  of  Daniel.  This  absolute  want  of  the  sense 
of  proportion  is  the  real  bar  to  Catholic  unity.  Rome 
will  not  reunite,  except  on  the  condition  of  the  accept- 
ance of  so  remote  and  dubious  a  deduction  as  the 
inherited  privilege  of  S.  Peter  :  the  sectarian  will  not 
reunite  except  on  the  acceptance  of  his  theories  as  to 
justification  or  the  like.  This  is  not  the  Catholic 
freedom.  And  the  Catholic  freedom  was  what  Laud 
fought  for.  The  Catholic  Faith  is  this — that  we  worship 
one  God  in  Trinity  and  Trinity  in  Unity  :  and  from 
that  centre  there  gradually  shade  off  the  nearer  and  the 
remoter  beliefs  which  we  hold  and  cherish  only  in  pro- 
portion to  their  nearness  to  the  central  Truth.  Because 
he  saw  this  and  fought  for  it  it  is  that  I  venture  to 
say  that  we  reverence  Laud  because  he  preserved  to 
the  English  Church  both  her  Catholicity  and  her 
freedom. 


V. 


LAUD'S   PERSONAL  RELIGION. 


The  Rev.  C.  H.  Simpkinson,  M.A.,  Rector  of 
Farnham,  and  Examining  Chaplain  to  the 
Lord  Bishop  of  Winchester. 


LAUD'S  PERSONAL  RELIGION. 


The  subject  allotted  to  me  is  Laud's  personal  religion  ; 
and  the  only  measuring  rods  I  can  find  of  personal 
religion  are  a  consciousness  of  the  presence  of  God,  a 
self-consecration  to  the  service  of  God,  and  a  constant 
delight  in  intercourse  with  God.  Such  a  condition  may 
be  indicated  by  what  a  man  says ;  it  can  be  proved  only 
by  what  he  does.  Therefore,  we  must  examine  how  far 
this  man's  actions  were  governed  by  an  appreciation  of 
the  guiding  presence  of  God. 

Was  Laud  sincere  ?  Had  he  high  aims  ?  Was  he 
devout  ? 

Such  an  examination  it  appears,  from  the  common 
talk  about  him,  is  by  no  means  unnecessary.  The 
personal  religious  character  of  the  Archbishop  has  not 
escaped  from  that  recklessly  thrown  mass  of  dirt  with 
which  the  literary  Street  Arabs  of  to-day  delight  to 
besmirch  any  character,  dead  or  living,  whom  they  think- 
to  be  unpopular  with  their  readers  :  and  the  influential 
group  of  writers,  who  dislike  religion  and  do  not  wish  to 
admit  the  conspicuous  parts  which  religious  leaders  have 
played  in  the  progress  of  their  country,  have  not  scrupled 
to  sneer  and  smile  sardonically  over  a  personal  holiness 
which  ought  to  be  the  treasured  possession  of  every 
Christian  and  every  Englishman.  The  political  agencies 
and  alliances  which  Laud  employed  for  his  religious 
work  have  been  proved  by  experience  to  have  beeri 


124  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 

unwise.  None  the  less,  he  remains  the  Reformer 
par  excellence  of  his  own  day,  the  Chief  Advocate  of 
the  Working  Classes,  the  Defender  of  the  Poor,  the 
Leader  of  the  Educational  Movement,  an  Administrator 
who  endeavoured  to  exterminate  the  corruptions  in 
the  Civil  Service,  and  an  Ecclesiastic  who  proposed 
to  widen  the  boundaries  of  the  English  Church. 
Why  then  is  he  savagely  maligned  as  a  reactionary 
and  an  enemy  to  pure  Christianity  by  the  people  who 
profess  themselves  (and  I  think  honestly  believe  them- 
selves) to  be  advocating  the  very  same  cause  for  which 
he  died  on  the  scaffold  ;  the  cause  of  the  Poor  and  the 
Weak,  the  cause  of  Jesus  Christ  ?  Well,  it  is  the  penalty 
and  the  proof  of  greatness  to  be  hated  for  centuries.  No 
one  troubles  to  find  fault  with  Judas  of  Galilee  or 
Theudas,  but  to  discover  an  error  in  St.  Paul  or  St. 
Peter  is  still  worth  the  while  of  the  slanderer  who 
burrows  to  undermine  faith. 

It  is  my  impression  that  the  force  of  the  angry  wave 
is  spent.  The  sober  classes  of  Englishmen  begin  to  do 
justice  to  a  great  Religious  Statesman,  without  shutting 
their  eyes  to  his  very  serious  mistakes.  Therefore 
to-day  I  ask  you  to  allow  my  omission  of  eulogistic 
preferences  of  Laud  above  other  notable  ecclesiastics 
and  saintly  teachers  of  other  generations  ;  such  as  invite 
revolt  by  their  claim  to  an  impossible  knowledge.  The 
muse  of  history  shows  a  man  in  his  own  time,  and 
teaches  us  that  human  ignorance  can  never  picture  him 
justly  in  the  seat  of  other  men.  I  find  no  measure 
by   which    I    can    pronounce    him    wiser   than  his 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


predecessors,  greater  than  his  successors,  noblest  of 
martyrs  and  holiest  of  saints  ;  great  and  good  though  he 
was.  But  we  will  try  Laud's  personal  religion  by  three 
tests.  We  will  consider  first  what  was  the. inspiration 
of  his  life.  We  will  next  examine  how  far  his  character 
remained  Christian  amid  the  soft  flatteries  and  silken 
luxuries  of  success.  Finally,  we  will  enquire  how  well 
he  faced  the  uses  of  adversity,  which  convert  the  noble 
nature  into  a  saint,  or  degrade  the  mean  and  base  into 
a  slave.  Never  was  man  more  thoroughly  tested,  for 
never  did  stranger  vicissitudes  of  fortune  fall  to  human 
lot. 

And  first,  the  sense  of  a  great  purpose  in  this 
man's  life  appears  to  have  been  common  to  friends 
and  foes.  As  a  young  Tutor  of  St.  John's,  preachers 
in  the  Oxford  Pulpit,  writers  from  Cambridge  Colleges, 
thought  him  important  enough  to  be  personally  assailed. 
Archbishop  Abbot  and  Lord  Keeper  Williams  declared 
him  the  most  dangerous  leader  in  England.  While 
still  only  a  junior  Bishop  he  was  attacked  by  name 
in  the  speeches  of  the  Leaders  of  the  House  of 
Commons. 

On  the  other  side  the  shrewd  Bishop  Neile 
marked  him  for  promotion  at  the  lowest  point  of  his 
fortunes  ;  Nicholas  Ferrar  turned  naturally  to  him  for 
ordination  and  counsel  before  beginning  his  work  at 
Little  Gidding ;  his  was  the  chosen  influence  to  con- 
strain George  Herbert  to  go  to  Bemerton.  Rome, 
Germany,  the  East,  canvassed  his  character  and 
imagined  his  intentions. 


126  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


All  the  onlookers  in  that  age  of  heroes  admitted 
that  it  was  no  mere  accidental  upcast  of  the  whirlpool 
of  society  which  placed  William  Laud  swiftly  upon 
the  crest  of  the  wave  and  gave  him  the  highest  place 
in  the  nation.  They  might  have  been,  they  were 
puzzled  as  to  what  the  aim  of  his  life  was ;  they  might 
form  false  guesses  ;  they  might  (many  serious  minds 
hold  the  same  opinion  to  this  day  quite  honestly),  they 
might  consider  that  his  purpose  was  a  bad  one.  But 
even  Hamilton,  the  timeserver,  his  most  bitter  rival, 
believed  him  ready  enough  to  die  for  what  he  considered 
God's  will  ;  and  no  one  who  knew  him  questioned  his 
resolve  ;  and  certainly  he  believed  in  himself,  since  for 
years  his  own  letters  show  him  to  us  expecting  death 
at  every  moment  of  dejection  as  the  reward  of  his 
diligence,  and  yet  setting  his  face  like  a  flint  to  that 
work  which  he  was  convinced  had  somehow  to  be  done 
before  he  might  rest  and  be  with  Christ. 

And  this  purpose  of  his  life  was  the  shaping  of  a 
great  religious  system  which  should  train  souls  for 
heaven,  by  securing  for  them  the  best  environment, 
social  and  spiritual.  An  eminently  practical  man  was 
William  Laud.  Not  the  victory  of  any  dearly  favoured 
dogma;  certainly  not  the  predominance  of  any  special 
set  of  theological  opinions  was  his  object.  If  he  had 
been  alive  to-day  he  would  probably  be  the  special 
leader  of  no  particular  party,  but  the  head  and  champion  of 
all.  And  the  enquirer  who  studies  his  works  to  discover 
"  his  views  "  goes  away  grievously  dissatisfied.  What 
he  wanted,  what  he  was  convinced  his  countrymen 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


127 


wanted,  was  a  system  of  spiritual  training,  varied  for 
varying  characters,  and  moulded  to  changing  circum- 
stances, which  should  make  them  more  like  Christ  on 
earth  and  ready  to  be  with  Christ  in  heaven.  God  had 
brought  him  back  for  this  from  the  almost  fatal  peril  of 
an  early  sickness.  God  had  formed  him  for  this  by  the 
remarkable  influences  which  He  had  placed  round 
him  through  his  days  of  childhood  and  youth  :  God 
would  use  him  for  this  so  long  as  he  was  wanted  ;  and 
when  he  had  ceased  to  be  the  necessary  instrument, 
others  doubtless  would  be  found  to  take  up  the  task. 

I  omit  to-day  his  wide-reaching  social  efforts  ;  but  I 
venture  to  think  that  it  is  not  foreign  to  the  subject  of 
Laud's  personal  religion,  to  bring  before  you  very  con- 
cisely the  methods  which  he,  as  the  chief  religious 
Teacher  of  the  day,  adopted  to  give  personal  religion  to 
others.  A  man's  religion  is  always  best  judged  by  his 
actions,  and  the  teacher  teaches  what  he  himself  loves. 
These  methods  we  will  summarise  from  the  Instructions 
sent  out  in  1629,  adding  detail  from  other  arrangements 
of  the  Archbishop.  First,  he  insisted  on  securing  for  the 
people  Instruction  in  the  elements  of  the  moral  and 
spiritual  life.  Laud's  religion,  as  I  have  pointed  out, 
was  essentially  practical,  and  he  saw  that  the  old 
Romanism  with  all  its  superstition  and  its  deliberate 
encouragement  of  ignorance,  had  yet  brought  before  the 
people  many  of  the  simple  facts  of  our  salvation,  with  a 
clearness  and  distinctness  which  was  missing  from  the 
involved  elaborate  Puritan  Sermons.  Jesus  Christ  must 
be  set  forth,  the  facts  of  His  life  and  death  and  Resur- 


128  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


rection,  what  He  told  His  followers  to  do,  what  He  taught 
them  was  wrong,  and  what  He  taught  them  was  right,  how 
to  pray,  what  to  ask  for,  and  what  to  tell  to  God.  The 
Clergy  must  train  their  flocks  to  religious  habits,  they 
must  talk  to  them  about  every-day  matters.  Nothing 
was  so  insignificant  as  not  to  need  the  hallowing  of 
Religion.  "  Whether  ye  eat  or  drink  or  whatsoever  ye  do, 
do  all  to  the  glory  of  God." 

We  are  informed  in.  the  sermons  of  Bishop 
Andrewes  how  careless  professing  Christians  had 
become  about  prayer  and  worship  in  those  days.  They 
listened  to  sermons.  They  wanted  to  hear  the  last 
new  thing.  They  loved  doctrinal  discussion.  But  to 
Laud  a  regular  system  of  public  and  private  prayer 
seemed  as  necessary  for  the  soul  as  regular  meals 
for  the  body.  Congregations  were  to  be  instructed  that 
if  they  did  not  worship,  they  could  not  come  to  the 
Sermons.  Preachers  were  first  to  be  "  bedesmen  for  the 
flock"  before  they  became  their  teachers.  Worship  was 
to  be  made  as  bright  and  as  congregational  as  possible. 
For  this  he  encouraged  the  frequent  publication  of  new 
hymns  and  tunes. 

And  obviously  all  these  devotional  exercises 
culminated  in  the  Holy  Communion.  Then  worshippers 
came  into  the  very  awful  presence  of  God  Himself. 
Laud  did  not  wish  to  be  very  rigid  in  his  own 
definitions,  he  certainly  did  not  desire  to  make  his  own 
feelings  about  the  Eucharist  the  only  standard  in  the 
English  Church.  But  to  treat  the  Holy  Communion  as 
a  vague  Commemoration  was  to  him  to  misunderstand 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


129 


the  teaching  of  the  Saviour  Himself.  Then  Christ  im- 
parted to  the  believer  His  own  Body  and  Blood.  The 
doctrinal  Puritan,  who  sat  or  stood  as  if  he  were  eating 
a  meal  in  his  own  house,  shocked  him  as  irreverent,  as 
ignorant  of  that  mysterious  presence  of  God  for  which 
he  had  come.  And  because  Laud's  religion  was  so 
personal,  so  conscious  of  the  nearness  of  God,  so  in- 
tensely full  of  the  Divine  intimacy,  this  standing  he  dared 
not,  as  the  Chief  Pastor  of  the  Diocese,  allow  for  a 
moment,  lest  the  recalcitrants  should  imperil  their  own 
soul's  health.  If  they  would  not  kneel,  they  should 
not  receive.  They  might  stay  in  their  seats,  and 
there  kneel  to  receive ;  this  he  disliked,  but  permitted. 
But  at  kneeling  his  toleration  (mark  the  word)  drew 
the  line. 

One  of  the  Archbishop's  numerous  Communion 
Prayers  expresses  this  position  so  exactly  that  I  will 
venture  to  quote  it.  It  is  unlike  the  others  in  being 
doctrinal : 

"  O  Lord  God,  hear  my  prayers,  I  come  to  Thee  in 
a  steadfast  faith,  yet  for  the  clearness  of  my  faith,  Lord, 
enlighten  it :  for  the  strength  of  my  faith,  Lord,  increase 
it.  And  behold  I  quarrel  not  the  words  of  Thy  Son  my 
Saviour's  blessed  Institution.  I  know  His  words  are  no 
gross  unnatural  conceit,  but  they  are  spirit  and  life  and 
supernatural.  While  the  world  disputes,  I  believe.  He 
hath  promised  me  if  I  come  worthily,  that  I  shall  receive 
His  most  blessed  Body  and  Blood,  with  all  the  benefits 
of  His  passion.  If  I  can  receive  it  and  retain  it  (Lord, 
make  me  able,  make  me  worthy)  I  know  I  can  no  more 

K 


130  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


die  eternally,  than  that  Body  and  Blood  can  die  and  be 
shed  again.'" 

And  after  reception  he  was  wont  to  pray  : 
"  Lord,  I  have  received  this  Sacrament  of  the  Body 
and  Blood  of  my  dear  Saviour.  His  mercy  hath  given 
it  and  my  faith  received  it  into  my  soul.  I  humbly 
beseech  Thee  speak  mercy  and  peace  to  my  conscience, 
and  enrich  me  with  all  those  graces  which  come  from 
that  precious  Body  and  Blood,  even  till  I  be  possessed 
of  eternal  life  in  Christ.  Amen." 

A  man  with  a  mission.  So  the  great  ecclesiastic 
stood  before  himself.  "  O  Lord,  I  beseech  thee,"  so  he 
was  wont  to  pray,  "  make  me  remember  how  much  more 
than  other  men  I  have  need  to  call  upon  Thee.  My 
charge  is  great  and  my  strength  little."  And  to  have  a 
conscious  mission  is  the  first  consecration  of  every  life. 
Now  and  then  to  the  poor  erring  judgment  of  humanity 
the  mission  may  look  small  or  narrow,  the  care  of  some 
single  hard-tried  life,  the  charge  of  a  handful  of  children, 
the  conversion  of  a  little  street  or  dark  alley  ;  then  again 
it  appears  magnificent  when  a  great  statesman  builds 
up  a  nation  or  shapes  an  empire,  or  a  prophet  proclaims 
some  new  doctrine,  or  a  priest  models  a  Church.  But 
small  or  great,  the  man  or  woman  with  a  mission  is  the 
interesting  figure  in  history  or  society;  there  is  a  halo 
round  each,  wherever  you  meet  them,  which  marks 
them  off  from  the  ordinary  flotsam  and  jetsam  of 
mankind  ;  God  has  touched  their  souls,  there  is  in  them 
a  spark  of  the  Divine  fire.  They  may  frighten  us. 
They  may  even  repel  us.    But  we  must  admire.  This 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


it  is  which,  not  to  go  beyond  those  same  times,  keeps  our 
eyes  fixed  upon  Oliver  Cromwell,  with  all  his  eccen- 
tricities and  his  inconsistencies,  combining  projects  of 
personal  ambition  and  domestic  tyranny  and  foreign 
conquest  with  the  passionate  desire  to  make  his  country 
great.  This  it  is  which  compels  us  to  pause  and  look 
after  Harry  Vane,  so  stiff  and  rigid,  so  unlovable  with 
all  his  accomplishments,  dipping  his  hands  with  so  per- 
verted a  conscience  conscientiously  into  the  blood  of  the 
noblest  of  his  fellow-countrymen,  but  intent  on  the 
creation  of  a  religious  monarchy  and  dying  so  beautifully 
for  its  sake.  This  it  is  which  makes  even  the  gloomy 
Harrison  interesting,  and  poor  cowardly  Argyle  con- 
spicuous. And  this  it  is  which  marks  off  William  Laud 
above  all  the  famous  ecclesiastics  of  that  grand  age,  the 
saintly  Andrewes,  the  politic  Williams,  the  industrious 
Harsnet,  the  devout  Cosin,  the  eloquent  Calamy,  the 
affectionate  Baxter,  as  the  one  greatest  man  among  them 
all,  who  had  something  to  do  and  who  did  it,  and  who 
sealed  it  gladly  with  his  blood,  leaving  a  work  behind 
him  (which  has  lasted  already  250  years) — our  beloved 
Church  of  England,  Apostolic  and  liberal,  devout  and 
full  of  missionary  zeal,  national  in  organisation,  and 
oecumenical  in  sympathy ;  so  cautious  to  preserve  all 
the  ornaments  which  the  long  struggles  of  history  have 
won,  yet  boldly  stripping  off  the  chains  of  that  strange 
Roman  slavery  which,  for  a  time,  seemed  even  to  great 
and  good  minds  the  necessary  condition  for  success. 

This  consciousness  of  a  great  mission  is  then  the 
first  religious  characteristic  of  William   Laud.  You 

K2 


132 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


see  it  in  his  letters  and  in  his  Diary.  You  see  it 
in  his  speeches.  You  see  it  in  that  dream  which  he 
chronicles  for  Sept.  1625,  which  reminded  him  that  he 
belonged  to  God,  and  not  to  the  World,  yet  had  a  work 
to  do  at  the  Court.  You  see  it  most  curiously  distinct 
of  all  in  the  record  he  has  left  of  his  own  defence  of 
himself,  with  its  clever  arguments  about  legality,  and 
its  playful  touches  of  sarcasm  as  he  looks  round  upon  a 
world  turned  so  strangely  upside  down  where  a  man  has 
come  to  be  treated  as  a  saint  because  he  is  a  slanderer, 
and  it  is  considered  a  proof  of  devotion  to  have  been 
disgustingly  irreverent  in  God's  House,  and  Judges  no 
longer  think  it  worth  while  to  listen  to  the  defence  of 
of  a  prisoner  condemned  before  he  has  been  heard,  and 
Members  of  Parliament  go  away  to  dinner  till  they  are 
wanted  to  vote  off  a  fellow-creature's  head.  Amid  all 
this  confused  bustle  now  and  again  the  mighty  purpose 
breaks  out  in  an  indignant  vindication  of  some  act  of 
mercy,  or  of  some  plan  to  increase  the  honour  of  God's 
name. 

The  mission  was  too  great  to  make  him  proud.  It 
drove  him  to  his  knees.  The  mission  was  not  an  idea 
of  his  own.  It  was  God  Who  set  him  to  it.  "  Gracious 
Father,"  he  prayed,  "  the  life  of  a  man  is  a  burden  upon 
earth,  and  the  dangers  which  assault  us  are  diversely 
pointed  against  us."  The  mission  did  not  depend  on 
him,  he  had  but  to  do  his  utmost,  then  God  if  it 
pleased  Him  would  give  the  increase.  But  he  might 
not  take  back  his  hand.  Lonely,  without  family 
and  with  few  relations  ;  compelled  by  his  separation  for 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


r33 


the  great  purpose  to  be  simple  and  ascetic  ;  obliged  to 
work  every  hour  of  the  day  ;  with  no  amusement  and  no 
relaxation,  having  no  time  to  hunt  like  Abbot,  or  to  study 
like  Andrewes,  the  man  with  the  mission  must  roll  his 
Sisyphusdike  stone  to  the  hilltop,  doubtful  whether  it 
will  become  the  foundation  of  a  magnificent  structure, 
or  totter  back  and  crush  and  mangle  him  in  its  swift 
descent  into  the  valley  of  desolation.    Very  weary,  very 
painful,  were  those  years  at  Lambeth,  yet  always  cheered 
and  always  rendered  happy  by  the  intimate  communion 
with  our  Saviour  which  is  given  to  the  men  with  missions  ; 
each  day  marked  off  into  short  spaces  by  the  delightful 
milestones  of  constant  prayers,  by  the  few  minutes  given 
seven  times  a  day  at  least  to  the  society  of  God,  and 
now  and  again  gladdened  by  some  splendid  vision  such  as 
that  set  down  in  his  diary  for  no  human  eye,  "  My  dream 
of  my  blessed  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  one  of  the 
most  comfortable  passages  that  ever  I  had  in  my  life." 
"  O  come  hither  and  hearken  all  ye  that  fear  God  and  I 
will  tell  what  He  hath  done  for  my  soul,"  is  the  open- 
ing sentence  of  his  Devotions. 

Bi;t  the  man  with  a  religious  mission  carries  with 
him  a  load  additional  to  the  burdens  set  upon  the  backs 
of  ordinary  mortals.  Being  brought  into  close  and 
constant  contact  with  God  Himself,  and  at  the  same 
time  compelled  to  mingle  intimately  with  the  world,  he 
feels  a  peculiar  consciousness  of  sin.  Some  people  call 
that  horror  of  sin,  that  dejection  which  would  despair 
if  God  were  not  so  near,  morbid  and  even  unchristian. 
It  marks  Augustine,  it  marks  Francis  of  Assisi,  it  is 


*34 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


conspicuous  in  Loyola  and  in  Luther,  in  Bunyan  and 
Teresa  of  Spain,  it  is  characteristic  of  St.  Paul  and  of 
St.  John.  Some  hasty  fault,  some  ill-considered  act  of 
impulse  which  men  of  less  enlightened  conscience  quickly 
and  comfortably  forgive  themselves,  becomes  to  these 
men  with  missions  the  sorrow  of  a  lifetime.  Need  I 
remind  you  that  two  such  sins  lay  upon  Laud  always, 
never  forgotten,  unutterably  irksome.  A  secret  penitent 
this  for  some  forty  years,  not  omitting  to  keep  the  feast 
of  St.  Stephen  and  the  28th  of  July  as  days  to  be  passed 
in  an  agony  of  repentance  for  long-distant  sins.  None 
knew  the  horror  of  that  sad  self-reproach  till  the  little 
Diary  with  its  few  bare  notes  of  things  great  and  small, 
which  for  some  reason  the  Archbishop  wished  to  recollect, 
together  with  his  Book  of  Devotions,  was  torn  away 
from  him  by  his  enemies.  Then  there  was  published  to 
the  world  his  unsatisfied  contrition  for  the  two  or  three 
blots  on  his  holiness  of  life,  which  all  but  himself  ought 
by  then  to  have  forgotten,  a  foolish  cause  of  momentary 
triumph  to  his  enemies,  in  reality  a  proof  of  the  man's 
genuine  sincerity.  His  own  words  for  St.  Stephen's 
day  will  best  set  the  penitence  before  you  : — 

"  Behold  I  have  brought  scandal  upon  Thy  name, 
helping  my  own  ambition  and  other  people's  sins." 
"  How  much  better  would  it  have  been  if  I  had  remem- 
bered the  name  of  this  day  and  rather  suffered  martyrdom 
with  Thy  proto-martyr  by  refusing  what  my  friends 
persuaded,  either  from  treachery  or  from  wickedness." 
"  O  Lord,  how  heavy  still  is  the  recollection  of  this  sin 
after  §0  many  prayers  have  been  so  often  repeated  and 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


J35 


poured  out  before  Thee  by  my  sad  and  wretched  soul." 
"  Spare  me,  Lord,  and  forgive  my  sins."  And  constantly 
he  repeated,  "  I  have  gone  astray  like  a  sheep  that  is 
lost ;  O  seek  Thy  servant  that  I  may  not  forget  Thy 
commandments,  but  return  unto  Thee." 

Such  then  was  the  purpose  of  this  man's  life  ;  such 
the  means  by  which  he  kept  always  before  his  eyes  the 
greatness  of  his  vocation  and  his  personal  unworthiness 
to  be  the  choice  of  God.  Still  we  must  not  for  a 
moment  leave  out  of  sight  that  four  men,  each  in  his 
own  degree,  influenced  and  modified  his  idea  of  the 
vocation  wherewith  he  was  called.  We  find  Elisha  as 
well  as  Elijah  among  the  men  with  a  mission,  St.  John 
as  well  as  St.  Paul.  Buckeridge,  Tutor  of  St.  John's 
and  afterwards  Bishop  of  Rochester,  took  him  to  the  old 
Fathers  of  the  Church,  gave  him  Ambrose  and  Basil, 
Cyprian  and  x4thanasius  to  be  the  models  of  his  life. 
Launcelot  Andrewes  fired  his  ecclesiastical  enthusiasm 
and  guided  his  devotional  piety.  You  have  in  this 
Exhibition  the  treasured  copy  of  his  Devotions  which  the 
elder  man  gave  to  the  younger.  George  Villiers,  Duke 
of  Buckingham,  dazzled  him  with  the  vision  of  great 
schemes  which  that  magnificent  favourite's  brilliant 
imagination  could  picture,  but  his  fickle  impatience 
could  not  achieve.  Thomas  Wentworth  laboured  with 
him  at  the  effort  to  make  England  as  well  as  Ireland 
happy  and  prosperous,  educated  and  devout.  But  none 
of  these  gave  him  his  ideals,  for  the  grand  model  of  his 
mission  came  direct  to  him  in  his  prayers  and  his 
meditations.    Buckeridge  could  show  him  how  the  dream 


136  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


had  been  turned  into  a  reality ;  Andrewes  could  guide 
him  by  intimacy  with  one  of  the  most  beautiful  lives  ever 
lived  on  earth.  Laud  never  ceased  to  be  Laud,  learning 
but  not  following,  assimilating  but  never  imitating,  from 
his  first  public  appearance  at  Oxford,  as  a  young 
Bachelor  of  Divinity,  to  that  last  glorious  day  when  he 
walked  briskly  through  the  crowds  from  Tower  Gate  to 
Tower  Hill  to  teach  men  how  to  die  cheerfully  and 
humbly  for  a  great  cause. 

But  if  the  first  principal  effect  of  religion  has  been 
shown  and  has  been  accepted  as  truly  present  in  the 
character  of  William  Laud,  and  you  (ladies  and 
gentlemen)  admit  him,  as  I  think  you  must,  to  have 
been  a  man  of  a  great  purpose,  and  deliberately  con- 
secrated to  the  Divine  Service,  an  important  question 
straightway  confronts  us.  Men  with  a  mission,  con- 
scious of  a  claim  to  have  a  special  vocation  from  God, 
are  unhappily  often  induced  by  power  and  opportunity  to 
commit  atrocious  crimes  in  the  name  of  religion.  Paul 
IV.  and  Pius  V.,  greatest  among  the  16th  century  Popes, 
intensely  earnest,  devoutly  religious,  convinced  that  God 
had  given  them  the  highest  duty  upon  earth,  were  both 
merciless  persecutors.  They  thought  human  life  of  no 
value  if  it  thwarted  their  mission.  Cromwell  and 
Harrison  did  many  terrible  acts  ;  of  which  the  massacre 
after  the  surrender  of  Drogheda  is  but  a  specimen. 
Vane  began  his  career  in  England  with  a  deliberate  deed 
of  treacherous  cruelty,  which  turns  most  of  us  away  sick 
and  sad  at  the  very  threshold  from  any  sympathetic 
study  of  a  truly  noble  character.   Religion  was  positively 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


!37 


hated  in  England  at  the  Restoration  because  of  the  evils 
sanctioned  by  its  name.  And  Laud,  shall  we  say,  was 
like  the  rest  of  them,  intolerant,  bigoted,  a  persecutor  ? 
He  died  bravely,  it  is  true,  so  did  others  ;  but  he  only 
took  the  lot  which  he  had  destined  for  his  enemies.  It 
was  the  chance  of  the  throw.  It  was  the  sad  necessity 
of  the  case. 

If  this  terrible  theory  were  true — that  power  makes 
men  with  a  religious  mission  invariably  persecutors,  we 
might  truly  tremble  for  the  stability  of  our  faith.  But  of 
course  there  is  no  sanction  for  it  in  the  life  of  our  Lord, 
and  He  has  never  been  without  genuine  followers  of  His 
merciful  teaching. 

In  this  matter  Laud  was  certainly  not  perfect. 
Power  to  some  extent  blinded  his  eyes.  But  I  do  not 
think  it  would  be  an  indefensible  position  to  say  that  if 
we  wished  to  produce  a  thoroughly  sifted  character 
who,  under  the  most  trying  conditions,  by  constant 
prayer  and  humiliation,  by  the  study  of  Jesus  Christ  and 
by  stern  self-examination, kept  himself  extraordinarily  free 
from  intolerance  and  bigotry  and  persecution,  only  just 
once  and  again,  under  the  stress  of  temptation,  pushing 
his  exercise  of  power  over  the  verge  of  Evangelical 
gentleness,  we  should  bring  forward  William  Laud. 

The  long  lists  of  the  State  Papers  when  they  are 
searched,  give  no  impression  either  of  systematic  perse- 
cution or  of  general  dissatisfaction.  They  show  us  a 
small  passionate  skilful  opposition,  they  bring  before  us 
a  few  individual  cases  of  hard  usage.  But  they  prove  a 
very  different  condition  of  government  to  that  of  the 


138 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


great  despot  Elizabeth,  or  of  the  parliament  -  ruled 
administration  of  Charles  II  ;  and  the  contrast  of  the 
Laudian  mildness  and  general  conciliation  with  the  ille- 
galities and  brutalities  of  the  Protectorate,  is  certainly 
startling.  And  the  strange  argument  about  the  un- 
popularity of  the  Church  System  as  evidenced  by  the 
Great  Rebellion  falls  to  the  ground  when  you  remember 
that  it  was  to  Laud's  pupils  that  the  House  of  Commons 
willingly  confided  the  re-organisation  of  the  Church  in 
1660,  and  kept  them  in  power  for  60  years. 

The  thumbscrews  and  scourges,  the  axes  and 
gallows,  which  so  many  reckless  writers  always  suggest 
in  the  dim  background  of  Lambeth  during  the 
archiepiscopate  of  Laud,  existed  only  in  those  dark 
recesses  into  which  he  cast  them  till  the  House  of 
Commons  and  the  Romanist  Reactionaries  dragged  most 
of  them  out  again.  The  irresistible  point,  the  point 
still  unanswered  is  this :  through  the  years  of  his  influence 
no  life  was  destroyed  for  religion  or  for  politics,  and  of 
how  many  such  periods  long  before  and  even  long  after 
could  this  statement  be  sustained  ;  and  of  what  other 
nation  or  country  in  his  lifetime  could  such  a  fact  be 
truthfully  recorded  ?  Torture  also  disappeared  during 
his  rule,  it  is  to  be  hoped  for  ever,  from  English  legal 
history.  Thus  Laud  took  the  first  great  stride  towards 
that  complete  tolerance  which,  if  it  ever  is  to  be  seen 
on  earth,  has  certainly  not  been  fully  comprehended  by 
this  nineteenth  century;  and  wrote  in  clear  letters  on  the 
pages  of  our  history  that  whatever  might  be  allowable 
in  the  conflict  of  opinion,  for  his  opinions  no  man  must 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


139 


suffer  death.  "Ink  rather  than  blood"  was  his  own 
playful  saying  about  controversy. 

And  this  degree  of  tolerance  in  religion  was  almost 
unique  in  his  own  time.  The  so-called  champions  of 
liberty,  Eliot  and  Pym,  whose  names  ought  not  to  be 
mentioned  without  reverence  as  honourable  workers  for 
progress,  yet  understood  so  little  of  freedom  of  conscience 
that  they  clamoured  for  the  lives  of  Romish  Priests,  and 
persuaded  the  Commons  to  pass  bloodthirsty  resolutions 
against  all  who  did  not  say  their  shibboleths  on  the 
impossible  questions  of  Predestination  and  Election.  If 
people  must  call  names,  here  were  the  bigots.  Here  were 
the  intolerant.  Here  were  the  persecutors.  Not  at  Lam- 
beth, but  at  Westminster  was  sharpened  that  two-handed 
engine  which  smote  its  first  stroke  on  the  neck  of 
Strafford,  the  author  of  the  Petition  of  Right  and  the 
Benefactor  of  Ireland,  and  did  not  lie  idle  till  after 
twenty-one  years  of  constant  bloodshed,  it  had  smitten 
off  the  head  of  his  destroyer,  the  high-souled  Vane. 
For  twenty  years  before,  axe  and  stake  and  gibbet  had 
played  no  part  in  the  politics,  civil  and  religious,  of 
England.  Let  Laud's  detractors  prove  this  false  before 
they  mutter  about  the  Inquisition  and  compare  the 
Archbishop  Primate  to  Torquemada. 

Yet  even  men,  who  ought  to  know  and  might  know 
better,  say  "  Laud  would  never  convince  an  opponent  if 
he  could  suppress  him."  Twice  has  this  been  written  by 
serious  men  quite  recently  in  Oxford — think,  in  Oxford — 
the  beautiful  learned  liberal  Oxford  which  Laud  himself 
helped  to  create,  Oxford  from  which  he  stirred  England 


140  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


to  the  revival  of  free  discussion,  and  of  bright  and 
reverent  worship.  Did  Laud  burn  Arians  like  Abbot  ? 
Did  he  execute  Roman  priests  like  Pym  ?  Did  he  send 
Hales  to  prison  for  reasoning  with  him  at  Lambeth,  or 
shut  up  Chillingworth  in  the  Lollards'  Tower,  because 
he  had  doubts  about  the  Articles?  When  we  write 
history  let  us  first  seek  for  truth.  A  pretty  epigram 
this,  but  an  ugly  slander. 

For  the  Archbishop  was  not  intolerant.  His 
religion  was  a  religion  of  practice.  I  have  already  said 
he  did  not  insist  on  his  own  view  of  any  special  doctrine 
disputed  in  his  time.  He  would  include  in  the  Church 
men  of  all  opinions.  He  did  not  believe  in  conversion 
by  axe  and  stake.  Doctrinally  he  was  satisfied  with  an 
adherence  to  the  Creeds  which  in  his  day  few  men 
openly  questioned.  But  he  did  maintain  there  must  be 
limits  to  the  public  discussion  of  doctrines ;  and  he 
worked  to  enforce  silence  on  the  followers  of  Gomar 
and  the  followers  of  Arminius  alike,  when  they  wrangled 
over  the  insoluble  problems  of  Free-will  and  Fore- 
knowledge. His  position  was  this.  Such  hot  disputes 
have  caused  bloodshed  in  Holland.  They  will  assuredly 
(and  they  did)  cause  bloodshed  if  they  are  publicly 
maintained  in  England.  Nor  are  these  dogmas  helpful 
to  the  spiritual  life  of  the  men  and  women  who  have  to 
struggle  as  best  they  can  amid  the  temptations  of  this 
wicked  world. 

He  took  one  step  further  in  opposition  to  the 
preaching  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Divine  Decrees  through 
the  country.    How  could  simplehearted  peasants  and 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


141 


artizans  be  persuaded  to  love  a  God  who  they  were  told 
had  doomed  to  everlasting  destruction  and  eternal 
suffering  the  huge  majority  of  the  mankind  of  which 
He  was  called  the  Father  ?  How  could  men  walk 
straight  when  their  responsibility  was  emasculated  by  a 
decree  of  Election  which  allotted  them  Hell  or  Heaven 
as  a  fixed  fate  from  their  birth  ?  If  it  was  intolerance 
to  argue  against  these  beliefs,  Laud  was  intolerant.  If 
it  be  bigotry  not  to  agree  with  Calvin's  more  exaggerated 
disciples,  Laud  was  a  bigot.  But  no  serious  person 
would  so  argue.  Take  down  his  strongest  expressions 
against  his  enemies,  penned  in  the  privacy  of  friendly 
correspondence,  and  often  with  a  caution  that  they 
should  be  burnt  at  once ;  and  set  them  by  the  side  of 
his  adversaries'  deliberately  published  utterances.  Study 
Laud  and  his  fellow  Bishops  in  the  High  Commission 
reasoning  for  hours  to  convince,  if  it  may  be,  some  violent 
opponent  of  the  Church  system,  at  least  to  persuade  him 
for  the  sake  of  peace  to  teach  about  Jesus  Christ  and 
leave  the  insoluble  problems  of  Election  and  the  vexed 
boundary  of  the  rights  of  Bishop  and  Presbyter  alone  ; 
nor  to  insist  that  every  man  must  keep  the  Sunday  just 
as  he  or  the  presiding  Archbishop  kept  it  ;  and  consider 
on  which  side  was  really  the  party  of  the  bigots.  Was 
not  Bishop  Hall,  champion  of  the  Dort  Synod,  appointed 
by  Laud's  wish  to  his  Bishopric  of  Exeter,  and  employed 
by  Laud  to  write  in  defence  of  the  Church  ?  Who 
promoted  Morton  to  Durham,  Potter  to  Carlisle,  and 
Cook  to  Hereford  ?  Who  was  the  friend  and  patron  of 
Prideaux  and  Fell  and  Palmer  and  Taylor  and  Jackson  ? 


142 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


All  Calvinists  these ;  all  with  Puritanic  leanings  ;  but 
all,  Laud  considered,  good  and  valuable  men.  As  Mr. 
Gladstone  said  the  other  day,  when  these  facts  were 
submitted  to  him  :  "  Laud's  breadth  of  view  and  his 
liberality  were  very  remarkable  as  is  shown,  inter  alia,  by 
his  appointments."  Certainly  the  most  tolerant  and 
least  bigoted  this  of  the  Rulers  of  the  17th  century  in 
England  ;  though  he  was  a  man  with  a  mission,  though 
he  was  ready  to  die  for  his  opinions. 

Still,  do  not  suppose  that  I  am  trying  to  persuade 
you  that  Laud's  principles  of  tolerance  were  exactly 
similar  to  those  of  this  decade  of  the  19th  century. 
After  all,  each  generation  has  its  own  ideas,  and  you 
cannot  judge  a  man  harshly  because,  though  in  advance 
of  his  age,  he  does  not  hold  19th  century  opinions  in 
1640.  And,  after  all,  nobody  doubts  even  now  that 
there  is  a  limit  to  political  and  to  religious  tolerance. 
In  England  we  do  not  tolerate  Mormons,  nor  do  we 
tolerate  very  appalling  blasphemy  in  public,  nor  do  we 
tolerate  the  Anarchist  casting  his  dynamite,  in  his  eager 
propaganda  of  his  religious  and  political  ideas,  for  the 
destruction  of  the  sovereign  people  assembled  in  the 
street  or  coffee  house,  though  all  these  complain  in  the 
name  of  toleration.  Nor  are  men  spared  scorn  and 
sarcasm,  and  even  more  bitter  annoyance  in  the  atheist 
factory  because  they  believe  in  Christ.  Persecution  is 
not  dead  yet  ;  sometimes  we  think  it  is  fast  reviving  ; 
and  any  of  us  who  have  studied  even  a  little  sample  of 
society  well  know  that  bigotry  and  intolerance  are  not 
yet  uprooted. 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


143 


But  in  the  17th  century  most  men  thought  wrong 
opinions  deserved  a  prison,  if  not  death.  Laud  did  not 
agree  to  this  ;  but  he  did  consider  that  the  State  had  a 
right  to  control  the  expression  of  opinion  if  it  were  likely 
to  cause  bloodshed  and  tumult.  Within  the  Church  he 
expected  the  Clergy  to  comply  with  the  laws  to  which 
they  had  sworn  obedience,  and  to  maintain  silence  on 
doubtful  questions  at  the  command  of  their  Bishops. 
Without  the  Church  established  by  law  in  England  he 
maintained  that  the  State  was  justified  in  forbidding 
public  worship.  None  of  us  would  ask  for  such  a  system 
now ;  some  of  us  feel  it  wrong  in  itself.  Others  dislike 
it  because  they  know  it  must  fail.  But  to  call  a  man 
intolerant,  a  bigot  and  a  persecutor,  because  he  was  not  con- 
vinced that  it  was  wrong  in  the  17th  century  is  to  argue  a 
hopeless  ignorance  of  History.  For  tolerance  Laud  was 
a  champion  beyond  his  time.  That  is  enough  to  defend 
him.  And  he  had  learnt  tolerance  from  a  direct  study  of 
his  Bible.  Let  me  quote  to  you  from  his  godson  and 
favourite  pupil,  Chillingworth,  writing  under  his  imme- 
diate direction  (Works  II.,  p.  63),  "  To  induce  Christians 
to  unity  of  communion,  there  are  but  two  ways  that 
may  be  conceived  probable  : — The  one  by  taking  away 
the  diversity  of  opinions  touching  matters  of  religion  ; 
the  other  by  showing  that  the  diversity  of  opinions 
which  is  among  the  several  sects  of  Christians  ought  to 
be  no  hindrance  to  their  unity  of  communion."  The 
former  is  not  to  be  hoped  for,  he  says,  "  without  a 
miracle ";  and  therefore  he  goes  on  to  reason  for  the 
latter  method.    Notice,  unity  in  work  and  a  moderate 


idA  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


uniformity  in  worship  is  the  proposal,  not  a  dead  level  of 
opinion.  Is  this  really  impossible  for  reasonable  men  ? 
If  it  is,  the  Church  of  Christ  can  never  be  united. 

But  how  about  the  Pillory  and  the  cutting  off  of 
ears  ?  These  sentences  were  not  ecclesiastical.  They 
were  pronounced  by  the  secular  law  courts  as  the 
regular  penalty  for  libel,  ugly  it  is  true,  but  common 
enough  in  those  days.  The  High  Commission  might 
not  touch  life  or  limb.  The  ear-clipping  was  decreed 
by  the  Judges,  not  by  the  Bishops.  In  France  the 
Puritan  Pamphleteers  would  have  been  slowly  put  to 
death,  with  each  limb  broken  in  turn  upon  the  wheel. 
In  Spain  they  would  have  been  burnt  in  the  market 
place.  In  Italy  they  would  have  perished  in  the  silent 
underground  dungeons  of  the  Inquisition.  They  would 
have  fared  badly  enough  at  Geneva  or  at  Stockholm. 
In  England  the  Bishops  did  not  interfere  to  save  them 
from  the  pillory.  I  confess  it  would  have  been  the 
more  perfect  Evangelical  spirit  to  have  defended  these 
libellers  from  legal  penalties ;  and  if  the  Bishops  had 
thanked  God  that  they  were  allowed  to  suffer  shame 
from  insults  which  after  all  were  but  a  repetition  of  what 
their  Master  had  borne.  But,  alas,  the  old  Adam  is  not 
dead  in  any  one  of  us ;  and  Laud  considered,  wrongly 
perhaps,  that  while  he  forgave  and  helped  such  men 
personally,  publicly  he  must  defend  the  character  of  the 
Church  Rulers. 

When  you  study  the  almost  boundless  power  of  the 
Archbishop  for  many  years,  when  you  read  the  ferocious 
libels  which  were  published  against  him,  you  wonder 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


H5 


that  that  power  was  not  used  more  often  in  self-defence 
and  that  no  life  was  sacrificed  in  that  long  weary 
struggle  ;  till  you  turn  to  his  daily  prayers  and  see  how 
he  kept  always  before  him  our  Saviour's  example,  and 
tried  in  spite  of  hot  temper  and  flaming  indignation  to 
do  as  his  Master  would  have  done. 

No  man  was  more  conscious  of  the  danger  of  power. 
Among  his  daily  prayers  were  these  : — "  Lord,  this  is 
the  time  of  fear  ;  keep  Thy  servant  from  presumptuous 
sins  lest  they  get  the  dominion  over  me."  And 
"O  Lord,  I  beseech  Thee,  forgive  mine  enemies  all 
their  sins  against  Thee,  and  give  me  that  measure  of 
Thy  grace  that  for  their  hatred  I  may  love  them,  for 
their  cursing  I  may  bless  them,  for  their  injury  I  may 
do  them  good,  and  for  their  persecution  I  may  pray  for 
them.  Lord,  I  pray  for  them,  forgive  them  for  they 
know  not  what  they  do." 

And  do  not  forget  that  the  power  which  the  libellers 
assailed  was  being  used  all  these  years  not  only  to 
strengthen  the  position  and  influence  of  the  religious 
teachers  in  England,  but  principally  to  educate  the 
gnorant,  to  feed  the  hungry,  to  protect  the  orphans,  and 
to  defend  the  weak.  "  Arise,  O  Lord  God,  and  lift  up 
Thy  hand,  forget  not  the  poor,"  was  not  only  a  daily 
phrase  of  prayer  but  a  daily  principle  of  action  with  the 
Archbishop.  Historians  neglect  too  often  the  details  of 
administration  which  are  of  supreme  importance  to  the 
nation  and  to  individuals. 

But  let  us  turn  aside  to  consider  for  a  moment  the 
methods  by  which  the  spiritual  intercourse  with  God 


146  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


was  maintained  by  this  Prime  Minister  through  the  busy 
period  of  his  power.  Thus  only  can  we  account  for  his 
general  clemency.  It  is  surprising  to  discover  how 
ignorant  those  who  claim  to  speak  with  authority  are  of 
the  devotional  arrangements  of  the  Laudian  period.  A 
well  known  newspaper  treated  the  matter  the  other  day 
as  if  worshippers  of  those  times  were  satisfied  with  its 
writer'sown  scanty  meal  of  a  Sunday  Service  with  sermon. 
Twice  at  least  every  day  was  Almighty  God  humbly 
worshipped  with  prayer  and  praise  at  Whitehall  and  at 
Lambeth,  as  well  as  in  the  Cathedrals  and -in  many  a 
Parish  Church.  Regular  attendance  at  the  public 
prayers  seemed  essential  to  the  Archbishop.  He  might, 
and  often  did,  hurry  over  with  rough  impatience  some 
ceremonial  visit  of  a  great  magnate.  He  was  never  in  a 
hurry  in  his  interviews  with  God.  The  Services  at 
Lambeth  were  constant  and  they  were  ornate.  He 
wished  to  give  his  Creator  all  the  most  costly  gifts  he 
had  to  offer.  The  Chapel  had  been  decorated  with  the 
arts  which  that  magnificent  and  aesthetic  age  could  lend 
to  the  due  honour  of  the  Almighty's  House.  Melodious 
music,  gorgeous  ritual  were  not  forgotten.  Sunday  was 
spent  as  essentially  a  day  to  be  passed  with  God. 
While  the  Archbishop  thought  it  dangerous  to  be  very 
strict  in  the  rules  enforced  upon  the  general  community 
for  its  observance ;  he  himself  let  none  of  its  hours  be 
lost  from  worship  and  prayer  and  meditation,  so  far  as 
he  could  secure  them.  Besides  these,  were  the  constant 
private  devotions  every  day  divided  into  seven  divisions 
for  seven  short  periods  of  silent  self-recollection — con- 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


147 


fession  —  thanksgiving  —  intercession  —  in  the  presence 
of  God. 

It  would  be  humiliating  to  Christianity  if  it  could 
be  proved  that  a  man  so  constant  in  making  up  his 
accounts  with  his  Maker  was  revengeful.  But  revenge, 
as  we  have  seen,  he  trod  resolutely  out  of  his  nature.  It 
was  a  triumph  of  grace  when  the  all-powerful  ruler  of 
the  land  succeeded  in  actually  and  genuinely  forgiving 
his  private  enemies.  From  the  day  when  he  loaded 
with  benefits  his  bitter  personal  opponent  among  the 
fellows  of  St.  John's,  to  the  day  when  he  sat  on  his 
rough  prison  bed  good-humouredly  assisting  Prynne 
while  his  private  luggage  was  rifled  in  the  Tower,  only 
now  and  again  did  any  real  act  of  anger  break  out  from 
Archbishop  Laud.  He  was  severe  to  Leighton,  though 
the  story  that  he  took  off  his  cap  and  thanked  God  for 
his  condemnation  has  to  be  decisively  dismissed  for  want 
of  any  evidence  ;  but  he  had  apparently  arranged  with 
the  king  that  even  that  rancorous  libeller  should  have 
escaped  his  punishment  if  he  had  not  broken  prison. 
He  was  severe  to  Bishop  Williams,  to  whom  he  is 
groundlessly  accused  of  being  indebted  for  his  Bishopric, 
because  he  considered  him,  wrongly  in  all  probability, 
to  be  a  disgrace  to  his  order.  He  was  severe  to  Burton, 
Bastwick  and  Prynne  in  the  ugly  and  barbarous  sen- 
tence of  the  Star  Chamber  in  which  he  did  not  concur, 
but  which  he  did  nothing  to  prevent.  But  he  took  care 
that  Prynne  should  have  comforts  in  the  Tower,  and  he 
arranged  that  his  nominal  imprisonment  for  life  should 
be  no  worse  than  a  banishment  under  gentle  restraint. 

L2 


148  ArchbisJwp  Laud  Commemoration. 


In  the  weariness  and  painfulness  of  that  long  laborious 
ministry,  he  grew  hot  sometimes,  and  spoke  unadvisedly 
with  his  lips,  and  regretted  it  and  begged  to  be  forgiven. 
But  it  was  a  constant  petition,  "Lord,  set  a  watch  upon 
my  mouth  and  a  seal  of  wisdom  upon  my  lips,  that  I  fall 
not  suddenly  by  them,  and  that  my  tongue  destroy  me 
not."  And  on  the  whole  his  religion  stood  the  test,  and 
he  stands  out  among  public  men  as  one  who  was  no 
self-seeker  and  gratified  no  petty  personal  spite. 

But  how  would  this  man's  faith  face  the  trials  of  a 
prison-house,  the  crushing  disappointment  of  apparent 
failure?  Here  was  a  test  under  which  even  St.  John 
the  Baptist  winced  ;  and  sent  doubtingly  to  his  Master. 
But  at  last  we  have  reached  a  point  on  which  there  is 
agreement. 

Some  of  Laud's  critics  have  denied  that  he  pos- 
sessed any  real  personal  character  ;  they  have  seen  in 
him  a  second-rate  Oxford  tutor  thrown  into  high  place 
for  the  convenience  of  greater  minds,  and  played  with 
as  a  puppet  in  a  show  to  cover  their  schemes.  Others 
have  ticketed  him  as  an  Erastian  servant  of  a  powerful 
king  who  prostituted  the  forces  of  the  Church  of  Christ 
to  secure  tyrannical  authority  for  a  master  upon  whom 
he  tremulously  depended.  Others  have  pictured  him  as 
a  superstitious  designer  of  petty  ceremonies,  with  no 
personal  knowledge  of  God  and  an  absolute  indifference 
to  human  souls,  loving  to  trick  himself  out  in  gaudy 
finery,  and  to  surround  himself  with  a  gorgeous  train, 
that  he  might  strut  for  a  little  like  a  mindless  peacock 
on  the  world's  stage.     Others,  Romanists  themselves, 


Laud's  Personal  Religion. 


149 


have  thought  they  detected  the  blind  and  anxious 
admirer  of  Rome  hoping  to  win  some  little  praise  and 
some  small  reward  at  last  from  the  Infallible  and  Om- 
nipotent Viceroy  of  God  upon  earth. 

All  these  ideas,  it  is  true,  crumble  into  dust  directly 
they  are  tested  by  the  actual  doings  and  sayings  of  the 
Archbishop  who,  whatever  else  he  was,  knew  full  well 
the  road  he  was  treading,  and  deliberately  risked  his  life 
to  make  the  Church  of  Christ  once  more  powerful  in  the 
nation,  and  restore  her  to  her  place  as  the  leader  of 
education,  the  guide  of  opinion,  the  defender  of  the  poor, 
and  the  consoler  of  sinful  souls. 

But  his  worst  enemies  to-day  do  not  deny  that  he 
was  calm,  and  brave,  and  patient,  and  resigned  in  his 
long  imprisonment.  He  had  always  expected  it.  The 
shadow  of  the  axe  had  been  across  his  path  through  the 
whole  period  of  his  power. 

As  the  storm  gathered,  one  of  the  three  ministers  on 
whom  the  King  had  depended,  forsook  him  and  made 
terms  with  his  enemies,  having  first,  so  he  said,  gained 
the  King's  approval  to  his  desertion.  On  his  two  great 
colleagues  the  deliberate  verdict  of  this  treacherous 
Marquis  of  Hamilton,  compelled  to  admire  while  he 
prepared  to  destroy,  was  spoken  just  before  their  fall, 
"  The  one,  (Strafford,)  is  too  great-hearted  to  fear,  the 
other,  (Laud,)  is  too  bold  to  fly."  It  is  a  grand  and  a 
discriminating  tribute.  The  impeached  Strafford  enters 
with  proud  and  gloomy  look  and  makes  toward  his 
place  at  the  board-head,  dauntless  and  defiant,  in  the 
House  of  Lords,  amid  the  hisses  of  men  who  had  pro- 


150  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


fessed  themselves  his  willing  servants,  confident  that 
he  could  cow  them  into  submission  to  his  imperious  will, 
nor,  to  the  last  days,  did  he  believe  it  possible  that  he 
could  be  sent  to  die  :  Laud  on  that  short  December 
morning  of  his  accusation  took  boat  across  to  Lambeth  to 
make  his  preparations  for  prison,  with  that  quiet  calmness 
which  comes  to  the  man  who  has  always  expected  to  be 
destroyed  by  the  cunning  and  hatred  of  his  enemies,  yet 
knows  that  he  has  that  one  surest  security  of  victory,  by 
which  many  a  defeated  leader  of  a  lost  cause  has  re- 
gained the  battle  against  overwhelming  odds,  offering 
joyfully  the  sacrifice  of  his  own  life.  And  yet  he  had 
always  disliked  the  thought  of  a  violent  death,  and 
prayed  for  years  to  be  delivered  from  the  hands  of 
his  enemies.  "  But,"  he  went  on,  "  if  my  bones  also 
must  be  broken,  O  Lord,  I  beseech  Thee  give  me 
courage  and  abundance  of  patience  that  no  torment 
may  make  my  faith  fall  away  from  Thee,  for  Jesus 
Christ,  His  sake." 

Certainly  it  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate  the 
effect  of  Laud's  imprisonment  on  the  future  of  the 
Church.  Everything  in  its  details  and  its  length  proved 
the  reality  of  his  past  profession.  He  was  imprisoned  so 
long  that  the  whole  nation  had  time  to  contrast  the 
brightness  and  the  liberty  of  the  Church  policy,  which 
he  had  set  before  them,  with  the  bald  ignorance  and 
ugly  narrowness  of  the  warring  systems  which  jostled 
one  another  in  a  vain  effort  to  win  a  permanent  succes- 
sion to  the  place  of  the  English  Church. 

Rome  was  open  to  him  still,  yet  he  stayed  rather  to 


Laud's  Personal  Religion.  151 

die  with  the  English  Prayer  Book  in  his  hand;  all  could 
see  by  experience  that  he  was  more  dangerous  far  to 
Rome  with  his  calm  resistance  to  her  encroachments 
upon  Christian  liberty,  than  the  noisiest  ranter  of  the 
crowd  which  loaded  her  with  reckless  abuse. 

Month  by  month  through  the  four  years  of  his  im- 
prisonment came  forth  stories  from  the  Tower  of  the 
sufferings  of  the  late  Prime  Minister,  his  privations  from 
the  want  of  property  confiscated  before  he  had  been  tried 
to  the  private  profit  of  his  enemies;  the  insults  which 
preacher  and  visitor  heaped  upon  him  ;  the  savage 
threats  by  which  the  skeleton  of  a  Parliament  at  White- 
hall attempted  to  compel  him  to  acquiesce  in  proceed- 
ings which  were  against  his  conscience  ;  his  courteous 
and  resolute  resistance.  Then  at  last  the  gates  opened, 
he  was  exposed  deliberately  to  public  insult  ;  yet  he 
never  lost  his  quiet  patience.  Fearlessly  he  looked  out 
of  his  prison  coach,  with  those  keen  grey  enquiring  eyes, 
on  angry  mobs  instigated  to  tear  him  in  pieces.  They 
tried  him  for  his  life,  but  not  one  shadow  of  a  charge  of 
treason  could  they  bring  home  to  him.  Then  they 
made  a  special  law  to  put  to  death  a  man  who  it  was 
well  known  always  refused  to  employ  the  ordinary  laws 
of  the  land  against  his  adversaries'  lives,  and  the  Tower 
gates  opened  upon  him  for  the  last  time :  his  day  of 
liberty  was  come.  And  he  hastened  cheerfully  to  the 
scaffold,  and  in  his  sermon  and  his  prayers,  and  by  his 
quiet  dignity  and  submission  to  the  Will  of  God,  he 
taught  the  flock  for  whom  he  had  so  long  laboured,  how  to 
die  a  Christian  death,  and  quitted  this  life  as  a  shepherd 


152  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 

dying  for  his  sheep,  with  the  light  of  immortality  shining 
upon  his  face. 

He  had  tried  his  best,  by  such  Divine  knowledge  as 
was  given  him,  to  serve  his  Master  :  he  had  passed  the 
three  examinations  of  Faith,  of  Work,  of  Endurance  ; 
he  had  proved  himself  to  have  learnt  to  say  from  the 
heart,  "  Hallowed  be  Thy  name,  Thy  kingdom  come, 
Thy  will  be  done;"  he  was  gone  to  the  seat  of  Divine 
Judgment  :  and  the  onlookers  knew  they  also  would 
have  to  face  that  dread  tribunal,  before  which  to  gratify 
personal  hatred  his  enemies  had  hurried  him.  Fifteen 
years  later,  his  judges,  Say,  Northumberland  and 
Manchester,  with  his  accusers  Prynne  and  Maynard, 
would  be  doing  what  they  could  to  rebuild,  as  the  neces- 
sary bulwark  against  Rome  and  unbelief,  that  Church 
edifice,  for  defending  which  they  had  doomed  Laud  to 
die.  One  asks  oneself ;  was  it  after  all  his  enemies 
and  his  patience  which  gained  his  cause  ? 

And  whatever  our  liking  for  the  man  may  be,  what 
part  of  his  character  had  so  permanent  an  influence 
on  his  own  and  future  generations  as  his  personal 
religion  ?  To  have  lived  strenuously  might  have  been 
of  no  avail  :  to  have  suffered  so  long  and  so  bitterly 
without  complaint  and  with  such  sweet  resignation, 
argued  a  fulness  of  the  Divine  vision,  and  proved  him  a 
martyr  and  a  saint  to  those  who  had  witnessed  his 
departure.  He  had  pleaded  his  cause  before  God  and 
he  had  won  it  by  the  verdict  of  his  fellow- Englishmen. 

Serious  and  open-minded  critics  may  differ  in  their 
estimate  of  his  political  plans  ;   but  surely  it  argues 


*53 


an  implacable  fanaticism  to  refuse  to  see  in  this  man  a 
sincere  champion  of  religion  ;  and  all  must  agree  that  in 
life  as  well  as  in  death  he  was  a  conspicuously  sincere 
follower  of  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  As  he  prepared  in 
the  Tower  to  die  he  had  prayed  constantly  in  a  prayer 
he  has  bequeathed  to  us  :  "Not  for  my  sake,  Lord  Jesus, 
but  for  Thine  own,  for  Thy  name's  sake,  for  the  glory  of 
Thy  name  and  for  Thy  truth,  to  confirm  Thy  mercies 
so  numerous,  great  and  marvellous,  for  the  sake  of 
Christ  the  Mediator  and  the  Holy  Ghost  the  Comforter, 
receive  Thy  servant  who  has  come  to  himself  and  who 
returns  to  Thee.  Amen." 


ARCHBISHOP  LAUD. 


From  The  Times  of  Jan.  n,  1895. 


ARCHBISHOP  LAUD. 


[The  following  leading  article,  from  The  Times  of  Jan.  11, 
1895,  is  here  reprinted  by  the  courteous  permission  of 
the  Editor.] 

The  ceremony  which  took  place  in  Trinity  Square 
yesterday  is  a  symptom  of  a  curious  and  perhaps  not 
unimportant  change  of  public  opinion.  The  choirs  of 
St.  Nicholas  Cole  Abbey  and  Allhallows  Barking  went 
in  procession  to  the  spot  where,  two  hundred  and  fifty 
years  ago,  William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
met  his  death  upon  the  scaffold.  The  Te  Deum  was  sung 
and  the  story  of  the  Archbishop's  death  read  by  one  of 
the  clergymen  who  attended.  The  ceremony  appears  to 
have  been  simple  and  dignified,  though  it  may,  perhaps, 
be  doubted  whether  Laud  himself  would  have  approved 
of  a  function  not  ordained  by  regular  ecclesiastical 
authority.  However  this  may  be,  it  is  certain  that 
nobody  would  have  thought  a  very  few  years  ago  of 
performing  such  a  rite,  while  it  would  have  been  hard  to 
find  an  historian  of  learning  and  impartiality  to  speak  as 
the  Bishop  of  Peterborough  spoke  yesterday  of  the 
famous  Archbishop.  The  prejudices  of  the  illustrious 
writers  who  built  up  the  great  Whig  legend  in  the  first 
half  of  the  century  have  dominated  our  histories  and 
our  historians  until  the  other  day,  and  against  no  man 


158  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


were  those  prejudices  stronger  and  fiercer  than  against 
Archbishop  Laud.  Macaulay,  as  usual,  is  the  most 
rancorous  in  his  abuse.  He  entertains  for  Laud  "  a 
"  more  unmitigated  contempt "  than  for  any  other 
character  in  our  history.  He  is  never  tired  of  jeering  at 
the  "ridiculous  old  bigot"  whom  he  describes  as  "a 
"  lower  kind  of  St.  Dominic,"  guilty  of  acts  of  oppression 
as  the  luxuries  of  a  mean  and  irritable  disposition,  the 
"  excesses  natural  to  a  little  mind  in  a  great  place." 
"  The  mean  forehead,  the  pinched  features,  the  peering 
eyes"  of  the  prelate  are  pronounced  worthy  of  the  brain 
which  could  produce  "  that  incomparable  diary  which 
"  we  never  see  without  forgetting  the  vices  of  his  heart 
"  in  the  imbecility  of  his  intellect."  Yet  this  is  the  man 
whose  toleration  as  a  theologian  is  praised  by  Mr. 
Gladstone  and  the  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  whom  the 
former  declares  to  have  set  "  the  impress  of  his  own 
"  mind  "  on  the  Anglican  polity  and  worship  as  in  the 
main  they  still  subsist,  and  to  whose  large  sympathies, 
liberal  views,  and  wide  conceptions  in  Church  matters 
the  latter  bears  testimony. 

Perhaps  even  yet  the  time  has  hardly  come  to  pro- 
nounce a  definite  opinion  on  the  character  and  the  acts 
of  the  Archbishop.  Probably  the  personal  views  of  his 
latest  eulogists  incline  them  to  form  too  favourable  a 
judgment  on  his  career,  just  as  the  party  passions  of  the 
old  Whigs  biased  their  minds  against  him.  Undoubtedly 
he  was  one  of  the  chief  instruments  of  the  despotism  of 
Charles  I.,  and  for  the  severities  and  the  illegalities  of 
that  despotism  he  must  be  held  largely  responsible. 


Archbishop  Laud. 


J59 


There  seems,  however,  to  be  good  reason  to  believe  that 
the  pictures  of  the  Archbishop's  life  and  character  drawn 
by  his  admirers  are  nearer  to  the  truth  than  those  drawn 
by  his  political  foes.  It  is  inconceivable  that  the  idiot 
depicted  by  Macaulay,  whose  malice  is  only  half  excused 
by  his  incapacity,  could  have  played  the  part  which 
Laud  played  in  the  civil  and  religious  government  of  the 
kingdom  throughout  a  memorable  period.  It  is  equally 
incredible  that  a  petulant  bigot  should  have  won  for 
himself  the  affection  and  the  respect  of  so  large  a  body 
of  English  Churchmen.  The  truth  seems  to  be  that, 
though  Laud's  Church  government  earned  for  him  the 
undying  hatred  of  certain  powerful  interests  and  classes, 
his  ecclesiastical  measures,  at  all  events,  were  not  of  a 
kind  to  provoke  the  enmity  of  a  large  proportion  of  the 
population.  Laud  himself  came  from  the  people,  and 
one  of  his  recent  biographers  argues  with  a  good  deal  of 
force  that  he  never  forgot  his  origin,  and  that  the  policy 
which  caused  Puritans  like  Mrs.  Hutchinson  to  sneer  at 
his  "base  birth"  was  regarded  with  anything  but  aver- 
sion by  the  poor.  The  "  masses,"  however,  had  no 
political  power  in  Laud's  day,  and  it  is  therefore  all  the 
more  to  his  credit  that  he  frequently  showed  a  sincere 
regard  for  their  welfare.  He  seems  to  have  been  a 
model  parish  priest  himself,  and  to  have  been  deeply 
impressed  by  the  miseries,  temporal  and  spiritual,  of  the 
peasantry,  and  by  the  oppression  they  endured  at  the 
hands  of  the  landowners.  There  was  no  "  labour  vote  " 
under  the  Stuarts,  but  when  Laud  rose  to  power  mea- 
sures were  taken  to  better  the  position  of  the  labourers 


160  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


employed  by  the  State  and  that  of  the  seamen  pressed 
for  the  Royal  Navy.  It  is  probable  enough  that  the 
peasantry  in  most  parts  of  the  country  were  not  sorry 
for  his  efforts  to  revive  the  old  Sunday  sports  and  pas- 
times condemned  by  the  Puritans  ;  and  Laud's  endea- 
vours to  restore  some  stateliness  and  beauty  to  the  ritual 
seem  to  have  been  partly  caused  by  the  not  unreasonable 
conviction  that  solemn  rites  and  ceremonies  appeal 
more  forcibly  to  very  simple  and  ignorant  men  than 
erudite  lectures  on  the  comfortable  doctrine  of  eternal 
reprobation.  On  the  other  hand,  Laud  showed  that  he 
was  no  respecter  of  persons  in  the  administration  of 
ecclesiastical  discipline,  and  his  fearlessness  in  this 
respect  must  have  made  him  many  bitter  enemies.  "He 
"  intended  the  discipline  of  the  Church  should  be  felt  as 
"well  as  spoken  of,"  says  Clarendon,  "and  that  it 
"should  be  applied  to  the  greatest  and  most  splendid 
"transgressors,  as  well  as  to  the  punishment  of  smaller 
"  offences  and  meaner  offenders."  The  Courts  of  Star 
Chamber  and  of  High  Commission  have  an  ill  name, 
which,  doubtless,  they  did  much  to  deserve ;  it  is,  how- 
ever, only  fair  to  remember  that  at  the  same  time  they 
often  did  good  service  to  both  Church  and  State  by 
punishing  offenders  who  would  have  been  safe  enough 
from  the  ordinary  tribunals. 

On  the  great  question  of  his  day  Laud  took  up  a 
position  diametrically  opposed  to  that  of  the  Commons. 
He  ardently  defended  the  Royal  supremacy,  but  it  was 
the  Royal  supremacy  acting  by  the  advice  of  Convocation, 
and  not  by  the  advice  of  Parliament,  which  doubtless 


Archbishop  Land. 


161 


meant  in  practice  the  Royal  supremacy  acting  by  the 
advice  of  William  Laud.  Convocation,  he  contended 
at  the  same  time,  must  be  the  judge  of  spiritual  causes, 
and  he  declared  the  submission  of  such  causes  to 
temporal  tribunals  to  be  forbidden  by  Christ.  His 
views  of  the  true  position  of  the  Anglican  Church  were 
of  a  kind  which  have  always  been  received  by  a  large 
body  of  Churchmen.  He  held  that  she  was  a  branch 
of  the  Catholic  Church,  but,  to  the  unspeakable  horror 
of  the  Puritans,  he  admitted  that  the  Latin  Church  was 
a  branch,  though  a  corrupted  branch,  of  the  same  body. 
He  was  extremely  anxious  to  promote  closer  relations 
with  the  Churches  of  the  East,  and  to  the  interest 
which  he  took  in  their  history  and  antiquities  we  owe 
no  small  part  of  the  splendid  collection  of  Oriental 
manuscripts  with  which  he  endowed  his  much-loved 
University  of  Oxford.  On  the  other  hand,  Laud  himself 
seems  to  have  realized  the  impossibility  of  a  reconcilia- 
tion with  Rome  on  any  terms  save  terms  of  complete 
surrender.  He  says,  indeed,  that  he  was  offered  a 
Cardinal's  hat,  though  the  authenticity  of  the  offer  may 
perhaps  be  doubted  ;  but  he  rejected  it,  and  he  told  the 
King  that  if  "  he  wished  to  go  to  Rome  the  Pope  would 
"  not  stir  a  step  to  meet  him."  Laud  himself  did  not 
allow  his  own  predilections  as  a  theologian  to  blind  him 
to  the  merits  of  men  like  Hales  and  Chillingworth,  who 
belonged  to  a  totally  different  school.  He  was,  in  his 
private  life,  a  pious,  sincere,  and  upright  man.  His 
superstition  was  not  greater  than  that  of  others  of  his 
age.      He  was  in  some  respects  narrow-minded  and 

M 


1 62  Avchbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


prejudiced,  but  he  seems  to  have  had  a  clear  conception 
of  a  popular  Church  directed  and  governed  by  the  Bishops 
under  the  protection  of  the  Royal  supremacy.  His 
ideal  did  not  commend  itself  to  his  times  ;  but  it  has 
features  which  may,  perhaps,  appeal  more  strongly  to 
the  thinkers  of  our  modern  democracy  than  to  the  Whigs 
of  half  a  century  ago. 


LAUDIAN  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


s  books  ave  arranged  under  the  follow  ing  headings  : — 

A.  — Works  of  Archbishop  Laud. 

With  an  Appendix  of  books  prepared  by  him,  or 
with  his  authority. 

B.  — Works  relating  to  Archbishop  Laud. 

With  two  Appendices.  i.  Satirical  prints,  &c. 
(other  than  ordinary  portraits).  ii.  Books 
dedicated  to  him.] 


A.    WORKS  OF  ARCHBISHOP  LAUD. 


[Under  this  head  are  included  Laud's  own  writings  and 
translations  of  them.  It  is  not  always  easy  to  determine  what 
should  be  included  here.  Some  books,  for  example,  contain 
only  a  few  pages  by  him :  in  such  cases  they  are  classed  here 
unless  he  is  merely  quoted  for  illustrative  purposes.  In  that 
case  the  booh,  if  of ', sufficient  importance,  is  placed  in  Class  B.] 


1612. 

1.  Ivsta  Oxoniensivm.  [On  first  page  "  Lachrymae 
Oxonienses  Stillantes  in  Tvmvlvm  illustrissimi  et 
desideratissimi  Principis  Henrici  "] . 

4-to.    Londini,  Impensis  Johannis 
Bill.  1612. 

11.  61.  With  a  contribution  from  "  Gvliel.  Lavd,  Doct. 
Theol.  Col.  D.  Iohan.  Bapt.  Prases."  [Printed  at  p.  275  of 
this  volume.] 

Brit.  Mus.  1213.  1.  13. 


1613. 

2.  Ivsta  Fvnebria  Ptolemaei  Oxoniensis,  Thomae 
Bodleii  Eqvitis  Avrati,  celebrata  in  Academia 
Oxoniensi,  mensis  Martij  29.  161 3. 

410.    Oxonia;  .  .  J.  Barnesius  .  . 
1613. 

11.  2  +  pp.  134.  With  a  contribution  from  "  Gvil.  Lavd. 
Sac.  Theol.  Doct.  et  Coll.  Iohan.  Pneses."  [Printed  at 
p.  276  of  this  volume] . 

Brit.  Mus.  161.  b.  45. 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1613. 

3.  Epithalamia.  sive,  Lvsvs  Palatini  in  nvptias  cel- 
sissimi  Principis  Domini  Friderici,  comitis  Palatini 
ad  Rhenum  &c,  et  serenissima;  Elizabethae  Iacobi 
potentissimi  Britanniae  Regis,  filiae  primogenitae. 

4to.    Oxoniae  .  .  J.  Barnesius  .  . 
1613. 

11.  64.  With  a  contribution  from  "  Gvliel.  Lavd  Sacra? 
Theol.  D.  Coll.  loan.  Praeses."  ^Printed  at  p.  277  of  this 
volume.] 

Brit.  Mus.  161.  b.  43. 

1621. 

4.  A  Sermon  [on  Ps.  cxxii  6,  7]  Preached  Before 
His  Maiesty,  on  Tvesday  the  nineteenth  of  Iune, 
[K.  James's  Birthday]  at  Wansted.  Anno  Dom. 
1621.  By  D.  Lavd,  Deane  of  Glocester,  one  of 
his  Maiesties  Chaplaines  in  Ordinary.  Printed 
by  commandement. 

4to.    At  London,  Imprinted  by  F.K. 
for  Matthew  Lownes  .  .  .  1621. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  44. 

1622. 

5.  A  Sermon  [on  Ps.  xxi.  6,  7]  Preached  at  White- 
Hall,  on  the  24.  of  March,  1621.  Beeing  the  day 
of  the  beginning  of  his  Maiesties  most  gracious 
Reigne.    By  the  Bishop  of  S.  Dauids. 

4to.    London    Printed  by  Bonham 
Norton  and  Iohn  Bill  .  .  .  1622. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  49. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


167 


1822. 

6.  Articles  to  be  inquired  of  in  the  first  visitation  of 
the  Right  Reuerend  Father  in  God,  William  L. 
Bishop  of  Saint  Dauids  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord 
1622. 

4to.    London,  Printed  by  John 
Haviland  1622. 

A  copy  in  the  Bodleian  Library  [Arch.  B.  II.  31]  has  altera- 
tions in  Laud's  own  hand  fitting  it  for  1625. 


1624. 

7.  A  Replie  to  Iesuit  Fishers  Answere  to  certain 
questions  propounded  by  his  most  gratious  Ma''' 
King  lames.  By  Francis  White  D:  of  Div. 
Deane  of  Carlile  .  .  .  Hereunto  is  annexed  a 
[Third]  Conference  of  the  right:  R:  B:  of  S* 
Dauids  [Laud]  wth  the  same  Iesuit  .... 

Folio.  London,  Adam  Islip,  1624. 

11.  164  pp.  592  -f  Index  11.  2.  Then  follows,  with  a  new 
titlepage  and  paging,  "An  Answer  to  Mr.  Fisher's  Relation  of 
a  Third  Conference  between  a  certain  B.  (as  he  stiles  him)  and 
himselfe,  which  is  here  given  by  R.  B[aylie]  Chapleine  to  the 
B.  that  was  employed  in  the  Conference.  London  1624." 
11  2  +  pp  74.    This  work  is  really  by  Laud  himself. 

Lowndes  mentions  the  "Third  Conference"  as  a  separate 
work  ;  and  it  is  probable  that  some  copies  of  it  were  published 
alone.  Cf.  Laud's  Diary,  Ap.  16,  1624,  "My  conference  with 
Fisher  the  Jesuit  printed,  came  forth." 

On  the  literature  of  the  Fisher  Controversy  see  Mr.  Scott's 
Preface  to  Laud's  Works,  Vol.  II.,  pp.  [xiv]-[xxiv].  According 
to  Lowndes,  a  new  edition  was  published  in  1637;  but  this  does 
not  appear  to  be  the  case. 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1816. 

8.  [Another  Edition] . 

8vo.    Dublin  1816. 

PP-  837- 

1825. 

9.  [Another  Edition]  .  .  To  which  is  added  An 

Appendix  Describing  the  Established 
and  Romish  Forms  of  Divine  Worship. 
By  the  Rev.  Andrew  Staunton  .  .  . 
2  Vols. 

8vo.    Dublin  1824. 

pp.  834. 

1625. 

10.  A  Sermon  [on  Ps.  lxxv.  2,  3]  preached  before  His 
Majestie  On  Sunday  the  xix  of  Iune,  At  White- 
Hall.  Appointed  to  be  preached  at  the  opening 
of  the  [First]  Parliament  [of  K.  Charles].  By  the 
Bishop  of  S.  Davids. 

4T.0.    London.    Bonham  Norton 
and  Iohn  Bill  1625. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  49. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Tr.  4".  C.  79.    There  is  no  copy  in  the  British 
Museum  Library.    Laud's  other  six  Sermons  are  not  so  scarce. 

1626. 

11.  A  Sermon  [on  Ps.  cxxii,  3-5]  preached  on  Munday, 
the  sixt  of  February,  At  Westminster:  At  the 
opening  of  the  [Second]  Parliament  [of  K.  Charles]. 
By  the  Bishop  of  S.  Davids. 

4to.  London,  Printed  by  Bonham 
Norton  and  Iohn  Bill  .  .  . 
1625  [6] . 

One  leaf  +  pp.  54. 


Laud ian  Bibliograph v. 


1626. 

12.  A  Sermon  [on  Ps.  lxxiv.  22]  preached  before  His 
Maiestie  [K.  Charles]  On  Wednesday  the  fift  of 
Iuly,  At  White-Hall.  At  the  Solemne  Fast  then 
held.    By  the  Bishop  of  S.  Davids. 

4to.  London,  for  Richard  Badger 

MDC.XXVI. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  53. 


1628. 

13.  A  Sermon  [on  Ephes.  iv.  3]  preached  On  Munday, 
the  seauenteenth  of  March,  At  Westminster:  At  the 
opening  of  the  [third]  Parliament  [of  K.  Charles]. 
By  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Welles. 

4-to.  London,  Printed  for  Richard 
Badger,  and  are  to  be  sold  by 
Hugh  Perrie  .  .  .  1628. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  35. 

14.  [Another  Edition]  ...  By  the  Bishop  of 
Bathe  and  Welles. 

4to.  London.  Printed  for  Richard 
Badger  1628. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  35. 


15.  Articles  to  be  enquired  of  within  the  Dioces  of 
London,  in  the  first  general  Visitation  of  the 
Right  Reuerend  Father  in  God,  William  Lord 
Bishop  of  London,  Holden  in  the  yeare  of  our 
Lord  God  . 

4-to.    London  :  Printed  for  Nath : 
Butter,    s.a.  [1628] 
The  year  is  left  blank,  to  be  filled  in  as  might  be  necessary. 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1629. 

16.  XCVI  Sermons  by  the  Right  Honourable  And 
Reverend  Father  in  God  Lancelot  Andrewes  .  .  . 

Folio.   London  .  .  .  mdcxxix. 

11.  6  +  pp.  1008  +  167.  Edited,  and  dedicated  to  King 
Charles,  by  Gvil.  [Laud]  London,  and  Io.  [White]  Eliens. 

The  Sermons  were  frequently  reprinted  : — Second  Edition, 
London  1631  ;  Third  Edition,  London  1635;  Fourth  Edition, 
with  an  alphabetical  table  &c,  London  1641  (all  these  in 
folio)  ;  New  Edition,  5  vols.,  edited  by  I.  P.  Wilson,  (Library 
of  Anglo-Catholic  Theology)  8vo.  Oxford  1841-1843;  reprinted 
i845- 

1631. 

17.  [Visitation  Articles  for  the  Diocese  of  London]. 

I  have  not  seen  these.    They  consist  of  the  Articles  of  1628, 
with  two  additional  Ones  [Laud,  Works  V.  378]  . 

1633. 

18.  [Sermon  at  Edinburgh,  June  30.  1633]  . 

It  is  very  doubtful  whether  this  was  ever  published.  See 
Works  I,  viii. 

1634. 

19.  Articles  to  be  enqvired  of  in  the  metropoliticall 
visitation  of  .  .  William  .  .  Lord  Archbishop  of 

Canterbury  .  .  In  and  for  the  Deanry  of    In 

the  yeere  of  our  Lord  God  163 — ,  And  in  the  

yeere  of  his  Graces  Translation. 

4to.  Printed  at  London,  by  Richard 
Badger,  163  [4.] 

Bodl.  Lib.  Pamph.  32.  Blanks  are  left  for  the  date  and  name 
of  the  Deanery.  In  this  copy  they  are  filled  up  Shoreham,  1634. 


Laudian  Bibliography.  171 

1635. 

20.  Articles  to  be  Inqvired  of  at  the  Metropoliticall 
Visitation  of  the  Most  Reverend  Father  William, 
by  God's  Providence,  Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canter- 
bury ...  In  and  for  the  Dioces  of  -,  In  the 

yeere  of  our  Lord  God  163 — ,  And  in  the   

yeere  of  his  Grace's  translation. 

4to.  Printed  at  London,  by  Richard 
Badger  163— [1635?] 

11.  6.  Black  Letter.    The  diocese  and  year  are  left  blank,  to 
be  filled  in  as  necessary. 
Brit.  Mus.  5155.  c.  14. 


21.  Articles  to  be  inquired  of  in  the  metropo- 
liticall visitation  of  the  most  Reverend 
Father  William,  Lord  Arch-Bishop 
of  Canterbury,  in  and  for  the  Dioces 
of  Worcester  in  the  yeere  of  our  Lord 
1635  .  .  . 

4to.   London.  Printed  by  Richard 
Badger,  1635. 

Brit.  Mus.  T.  1015  (7). 


22.  [The  Same]  in  and  for  the  Dioces  of  Win- 
chester. 

4to.   Printed  at  London,  by  Richard 
Badger,  1635. 

11.  6. 

Bodl.  Lib.  C.  203  Art. 


172  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1635. 

23.  [The  same]    in  and    for  the   Dioces  of 
Norwich. 

410.  Printed  at  London,  by  Richard 
Badger,  1635. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Arch.  B.  II.  46. 

[Doubtless  other  editions  were  published  for  the 
other  dioceses  of  the  Province  of  Canterbury.] 


1636. 

24.  Articles  to  be  enquired  of  by  the  Churchwardens 
and  Sidesmen  of  every  Parish  within  the  Arch- 
Deaconry  of  Canterbury. 

4to.    London  R.  Badger  1636. 


1637. 

25.  Articles  to  be  enquired  of  By  the  Minister,  Church- 
wardens, and  Sidesmen  of  every  Parish  &  Chap- 

pelry,  within  the  Deanry  of          .     In  the  Yeare 

of  our  Lord  16  — ,  .  .  .  . 

4to.    Printed  at  London  by  I.  B. 
16—  [1637]. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Pamph.  35     In  this  copy  the  blanks  are  filled  up, 
Shoreham,  1C37. 


26.  A    Speech    delivered    in    the  Starr-Chamber, 
on   Wednesday,    the    xivth   of    Iune  mdcxxxvii. 

flohn  Bastwick 
At  the  Censvre,  Of  j  Henry  Burton  &  concerning 

I  William  Prinn 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


173 


1637. 

pretended  Innovations  In  the  Church.  By  the 
most  Reverend  Father  in  GOD,  William,  L.  Arch 
Bishop  of  Canterbury  his  Grace. 

4to.    London  Richard  Badger  1637. 

11.  7  +  pp.  77.  According  to  Lowndes,  Bibl.  Manual,  1317, 
(cd.  Bohn)  only  25  copies  of  the  Dedication  to  the  King  were 
printed.   But  this  must  be  an  error. 

Bodl.  Lib.  4to.  C.  79. 

27.  [The  Same.]     Another  Edition  [Without 
the  Dedication  to  the  King] . 

4to.    London  R.  Badger  1637. 

PP-  77- 

Brit.  Mus.  8S3.  h.  2  (2). 


1730? 

28.  [The  Same.]  Another  Edition.  With  the 
marginal  annotations  by  J.  W  illiams, 
Archbishop  of  York. 

4to.    London  1637  (sic.)  [1730?] 

[Reprinted  in  Laud's  Remains,  Vol.  II  [1700] ,  and 
in  the  Harl.  Misc.  IX.  201  (1812)]. 

1637. 

29.  Harangue  prononcee  en  la  Chambre  de  l'Estoille  a 
la  Censure  de  Jehan  Bastwick,  Henri  Burton,  et 
Guillaume  Prinn.  Juin  14,  1637.  .  .  . 

4to.    Paris  [?]  1637. 


174  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1638. 

30.  [The  Same  in  Dutch.] 

4to.    Delff  1638. 
Lowndes,  Bibl.  Manual  p.  1317 

31.  Articles  to  be  enquired  of  in  the  triennial  Visitation 
...  in  and  for  the  diocesse  of  Lincoln. 

_j.to.  Printed  at  London,  by  Richard 
Badger.  1638. 

11.  7.  The  Visitation  in  the  Diocese  of  Lincoln  was  delayed 
by  the  resistance  of  Bishop  Williams.  (Laud's  Works, 
Vol.  VII.) 

Bodl.  Lib.  Arch.  B.  II.  50 

1639. 

32.  A  Relation  of  the  Conference  Betweene  William 
Lawd,  Then,  Lrd  Bishop  of  St  Davids  ;  Now,  Lord 
Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbvry  :  And  Mr.  Fisher  the 
Jesuite  ....  W  ith  an  Answer  to  such  Exceptions 
as  A.  C.  takes  against  it.  By  the  sayd  Most  Reve- 
rend Father  in  GOD,  W  illiam,  Lord  Arch-Bishop 
of  Canterbury. 

Folio.  London.  Printed  by  Richard 
Badger,  Printer  to  the  Prince  His 
Highnes  mdcxxxix. 

11.  12  +  pp.  388.  Some  copies  of  this  edition  contain  the 
'  Table  annexed  1  mentioned  below.  Those  without  it  are  not 
imperfect,  as  one  such  was  a  presentation  copy  from  the  Arch- 
bishop. 

Mr.  Scott,  who  had  not  seen  the  rare  Second  Edition,  con- 
sidered this  to  be  the  Second  Edition,  and  counted  the  latter 
part  of  No.  7  as  the  first.     [Works,  II,  p.  xxiv.  ff.J 

For  Answers  to  the  Conference,  and  Rejoinders,  see  Nos.  95, 
96,  228,  230,  23if.,  239L 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


175 


1639. 

33.  [The  Same.]  The  Second  Edition  Revised; 

with  a  Table  annexed. 

Folio.  London,  Printed  by  Richard 
Badger,  Printer  to  the  Prince  His 
Highnesse,  mdcccxxxix. 

11.  12  +  pp.  388  +  11.  8. 
Bodl.  Lib.  G.  7.  13.  Th. 

1673. 

34.  [The  Same.]     The  Third  Edition  revised. 

Folio.    London:  J.  C.  for  Tho. 
Basset  &c.  1673. 

11.  12  +  pp.  253  +  11.  7.  Probably  revised  for  the 
press  by  Dr.  Richard  Baylie  (or  Baily),  Laud's 
Chaplain,  who  died  Dean  of  Salisbury  in  1667. 

1686. 

35.  [The  Same.]     The  Fourth  Edition  .  .  . 

Folio.    London  Ralph  Holt  for 
Thomas  Bassett  &  others  1686. 
11  7  +  pp.  253  +  11  6. 

1839. 

36.  [The  Same.]     The  Fifth  Edition  [edited 

by  Dr.  Cardwell] 

8vo.    Oxford  1839. 

pp.  xxxii  +  336. 

1640. 

36a.  [The  Vniform  Articles  for  all  visitacions  in  t he 
seuerall  Diocesses  in  this  Kingdome. 

4to.    London,  R.  Badger.  1640] 
No  copy  recorded :  indeed,  owing  to  Laud's  arrest,  it  may 


176 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1640. 

never  have  appeared.  But  it  was  entered  in  the  Stationers' 
Registers  by  Master  Richard  Badger  in  Aug.  1640.  [Arber, 
Transcript,  IV.  492.] 

Date  uncertain. 

37.  [A  letter  on  behalf  of  the  sufferers  from  the  fire  at 
Copenhagen.] 

Single  sheet,  folio,  s.l.  et  a. 
Beginning  "  Good  brother    As  you  cannot  but 
have  heard "  and  ending  "  I  am,  Good  Brother, 
Your  very  Loving  Friend,  W.  Cant." 

The  Bodleian  Library  Catalogue  [4.  A  260  (8)]  attributes 
this  to  Laud  ;  but  it  may  be  by  Sancroft,  as  the  paper  and 
type  might  well  be  of  his  date,  and  the  other  papers  in  the 
volume  are  mostly  dated  about  1700.  A  similar  incident  is 
recorded,  however,  in  the  Diary,  Sept  14,  1G26,  when  Laud 
was  Bishop  elect  of  Bath  and  Wells. 

I  have  been  unable  to  trace  the  calamity  referred  to. 

1641. 

38.  A  Letter  sent  by  William  Lavvd  Archbishop  of 
Canterburie  [Nov.  6.  1640] .  With  divers  Manu- 
scripts to  the  Vniversity  of  Oxford.  Which  Letter, 
in  respect  it  hath  Relation  to  this  present  Parlia- 
ment, is  here  inserted.  Together,  With  the 
Answer  which  the  Vniversitie  sent  him,  wherein  is 
specified  their  Integrity  as  he  is  their  Chancellor. 
The  Tenor  whereof  ensues. 

4to.  s./.  Printed  in  the  Yeare,  1641, 

One  leaf  +  pp.  5.  The  letters  in  the  original  Latin  will  be 
found  in  Hist,  of  his  Chancellorship  (Works  V.  293  f). 

A  copy  in  the  Bodleian  Library  [Wood  514  (ijj  has  the  date 
altered  to  164J  in  MS,  and  notes  by  '  Anth:  a  Woode,  Oxon- 
iensis  Antiquarius,'  to  the  effect  that  the  translator  has 
'  mangled  it,  and  abused  ye  authorities  '; — which  is  true. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


177 


1641. 

39.  The  Trve  Copie  of  a  Letter  sent  from  the  Most 
Reverend  William,  Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canter- 
bury, to  the  Vniversity  of  Oxford,  when  he  resign'd 
his  Office  of  Chancellour.  Published  By  Occasion 
of  a  base  Libell  and  Forgery,  that  runs  under  this 
title.  And  also  the  Answer  of  the  Vniversity  to 
the  said  Letter. 

4to.  Oxford,  Printed  by  Leonard 
Lichfield,  Printer  to  the  Vni- 
versity Anno  Dom.  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  8.  The  letters  are  given  in  Hist,  of  Ids  Chan- 
cellorship {Works  V.  300  f).  See  No.  147  for  the  forgery  which 
called  forth  this  publication. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Wood  514,  with  notes  in  Wood's  handwriting. 

40.  [The  Same.]     Another  Edition. 

4-to.    Oxford  1 641. 

pp.  12. 

[Reprinted  in  Had.  Misc.  V.  570  (1810),  and  in 
Somers  Tracts  VI.  430-441  (1810)] . 

1645. 

41.  The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury's  Speech  :  Or  His 
Funerall  Sermon,  Preacht  by  himself  on  the  Scaffold 
on  Tower-Hill,  on  Friday  the  10.  of  Ianuary,  1644. 
Upon  Hebrews  12.  1,  2.  Also,  the  Prayers  which 
he  used  at  the  same  time  and  place  before  his 
execution.  All  faithfully  Written  by  John  Hinde, 
whom  the  Archbishop  beseeched  that  he  would  not 
let  any  wrong  be  done  him  by  any  phrase  in  false 
copies. 

4to.    London  Peter  Cole  i644[5] 

pp.  20.  With  the  prayers  in  Black  Letter,  and  some  copies 
with  portrait. 

[Reprinted  in  Harl.  Misc.  VIII.  599-607  (181 1)] 

N 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1645. 

42.  A  Trve  Copy  of  Certain  Passages  of  the 
Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbvry. 
His  Speech  Spoken  on  the  Scaffold 
on  Tower- Hill  immediately  before  his 
his  Death  Jan.  10.  1644. 

4to.  Oxford  Leonard  Lichfield 
Printer  to  the  University. 
l644  iS]- 

One  leaf  +  pp.  6. 

Bodl.  Lib.  C.  14.  6.  Line. 


1660. 

43.  The  Sermon,  Last  Speech  and  Prayers  of 
The  Right  Reverend  Father  in  God 
William,  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, Immediately  before  his  Exe- 
cution on  the  Scaffold  on  Tower-Hill, 
January  10,  1644. 

4to.    London,  for  J.  Jones.  1660. 

pp.  8.    A  new  edition  of  No.  41. 


1709. 

44.  Archbishop  Laud's  Funeral  Sermon, 
Preached  by  Himself,  from  the  Scaffold 
on  Tower-Hill,  on  Friday  Jan.  10. 
1644.  Also  the  Prayers  which  he 
used  at  the  same  Time  and  Place  .  .  . 
Published  at  this  time  to  vindicate  the 
Memory  of  that  Pious  and  Learned 
Prelate,  from  the  Malicious  &  Scan- 


Laudian  B  ibliography . 


179 


1709. 

dalous  Aspersions  of  those  Vile,  Paltry 
Scribblers,  who  write  the  Review  and 
Observator. 

8vo.    London,    Printed  for  W. 
Hawes  &  sold  by  J.  Morphew. 

pp.  16.    A  reprint  of  No.  42. 

1645. 

45.  Des  Aerts-bisschops  van  Cantelbergs  oratie  oft 
lyckpredicatie,  gedaen  by  hem  selven  op't  schavot 
op  Tower  hill,  den  10  Januarii  1645  .  .  .  Alles 
getrouwelick  beschreven  door  J.  Hinde  .  .  uyt  het 
Engelsch  .  .  .  in't  Neerlandts  overgeset. 

4to.    Amsterdam  s.a. 

11.  4.    A  translation  of  No.  41. 
Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  2  (44). 

46.  Oratie,  ofte  Lyck-Predicatie  Des  Aerts-Bisschops 
van  Canterbury,  by  hem  selfs,  op  het  Scharst,  op 
Tower  Hill  gepredickt,  des  Vrydaegs  den  20 
Januarij  1645  .  .  .  Met  de  Ghebeben  die  hy  ten 
selven  tijde,  ende  plaetse  voor  sijn  executie  ghedaen 
heest.  Alles  ghetrou  welijck,  gheschreven  door 
John  Winde  {sic),  wien  den  Aerts  Bisschop  heest 
versocht,  dat  by  hem  niet  en  sonde  eenige  Phrase 
in  valoche  copyen.  Wt  het  Enghels  Exemplaer, 
tot  Londen  ghedruckt,  by  Pieter  Cole,  ghetrouwe- 
lijct  vertaelt. 

4to.    5./.  et  a. 

11.  4.    Another  translation  of  No.  41. 
Bodl.  Lib,  Godw.  l'amph.  135C  (9). 

N2 


i8o 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1645. 

47.  Lijck-Sermoen  van  Willem  Laud,  Aerdtz-Bisschop 
van  Cantelberg,  ende  Metropolitaen  van  Enghe- 
landt  :  By  hemselven  uyt-ghesproocken  op't 
Schavot,  voor  alle  den  Volcke  alddaer  tegen  woor- 
dich,  als  hjs  was  ghekomen  op't  Pleyn  van  den 
Tour,  in  Londen,  om  syn  Hoost  te  worden  aff- 
geslaghen,  op  den  xviijen  Januarij  1645  [New 
Style] .  In't  achten-tseventichste  [sic  :  Laud  was 
really  in  his  72nd  year]  jaerziins  Ouderdoms.  .  .  . 
Midtsgaderns  Hyn  Ghebeden  die  hy  heest  ghedaen 
op  de  selfde  plaetse.  Effigie  van  Portrait  Willem 
Laud.  Door  last  ende  berel  eerst  gedruckt  tot 
Londen,  by  Pieter  Cool. 

4to.  Leyden  .  .  .  In't  Jaer  1645. 

pp.  12.    Another  translation  of  No.  41. 
Bodl.  Lib.  G.  Pamph.  2289  (3). 

48.  Oratie  gedaen  door  den  Aerts-Bisschop  Van  Cantel- 
bvrg,  Ofte  des-selviges  Lijck-Predicatie  op  het 
schavot  op  Tour-hill  

4to.  Rotterdam  1645. 

11.  10. 

Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  2  (45). 

49.  Sermoen  ofte  Redenen  van  den  Ertz-Bisschop  van 
Canterbury,  ghedaen  op  het  schavot  aen  Touwer- 
hill  .... 

4to.  [Amsterdam]  1645. 

11.  4. 

Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  2  (46). 

50.  A  Commemoration  of  King  Charles  His  Inaugu- 
ration.   Or,  A  Sermon  [on  Ps.  lxxi.  1]  preached 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


181 


1645. 

at  Pauls  Crosse  By  William  Laud  then  Bishop 
of  London,  late  Arch  Bishop  of  Canterbury, 
beheaded  on  Tower-hill  on  Fryday  the  10.  of  Jan. 
1644.    Printed  according  to  Order. 

4to.    London.    Printed  by  M.  B. 
1645. 

11.  2  +  pp.  32.    With  frontispiece  of  the  royal  arms. 


1650. 

51.  Officium  Quotidianum  :  Or,  A  Manval  of  private 
Devotions.  By  The  late  R.  R.  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury. .  . 

i2mo.    London,  Printed  for  Jo. 
Martin  and  Jo.  Ridley  1650. 

11.  4  4-  pp.  143- 

In  a  copy  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  [E.  1411]  the  date  is  altered  in 
MS.  to  1649. 

52.  [The  Same.    Another  Edition.]     By  the 

Most  Reverend  Father  in  God,  Dr. 
William  Laud,  late  Lord  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury. 

i2mo.    London  .  .  .  1650. 

1663. 

53.  [The  Same.]     The  Second  Edition  [sic] . 

i8mo.    London  for  Richard 
Crofts.  1663. 

With  portrait. 


182  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1667. 

54.  A  Summarie  of  Devotions,  compiled  and 
used  by  Dr  William  Laud,  Sometime 
Ll1  Arch -Bishop  of  Canterbury  .  .  . 

8vo.    Oxford,  Printed  by  William 
Hall.  1667. 

pp.  333.  As  far  as  p.  140  this  corresponds  with 
the  Officium  Quotidianum  :  the  rest  is  new  matter. 
At  the  end  there  is  the  Abp's  speech  on  the  Scaffold, 
"  according  to  the  original  written  with  his  own  hand, 
and  delivered  by  him  upon  the  scaffold  on  Tower- 
Hill,  Jan.  10,  1644,  to  his  chaplain,  Dr.  Sterne,  now 
Lord  Archbishop  of  York."  With  the  imprimatur  of 
Abp.  Sheldon  and  Dr.  Fell  the  Vice-Chancellor  of 
Oxford  University. 


55.  [The  Same.]     Another  Edition. 

i2mo.  (5I  x  3i)  London.  1667. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  211.  With  Sheldon's  imprimatur  only. 
Bodl.  Lib.  8"  Tr.  106  Th. 


1683. 

56.  The  Daily  Office  of  a  Christian,  being  the 
Devotions  of  the  Most  Reverend 
Father  in  God,  Dr.  William  Laud, 
late  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  The 
Fourth  Edition,  Wherein  several 
Catechetical  Paraphrases,  and  other 
very  excellent  Prayers  selected  out  of 
the  Primitive  Writers,  formerly  pub- 
lisht  in  Latine,  are  now  made  English; 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


183 


1683. 

and  the  whole  reduced  to  an  exact 
method  .  .  .  hy  J.  T. 

121110.  London,  Printed  for  Mat- 
thew Gilliflower  and  William 
Hensman,  1683. 

This  is  not  a  new  edition  of  the  Officium  Ouotidianum, 
but  the  whole  Devotions  abridged  and  re-arranged. 


1687. 

57.  [The  Same.]     Fifth  Edition. 

i2mo.  London,  reprinted  for  T.  B. 
M.  G.  and  W.  H.,  and  are  to 
be  sold  by  Richard  Heavisid  .  .  • 
1687. 

1688. 

58.  [The   Same.      Also   termed]  The  Fifth 

Edition. 

i2mo.  London,  Printed  and  are 
to  be  sold  by  John  Walthoe  .  .  . 
and  Robert  Vincent  .  .  .  1688. 

11  7  +  pp  263  +  Index  11.  5.    With  Portrait. 
Brit.  Mus.  3455.  c.  17. 


1705. 

59.  [The  Same.]     The  Sixth  Edition. 

i2mo.  London  :  Printed,  and  are 
to  be  sold,  by  J.  Nutt,  near 
Stationers'-Hall.  1705. 

11  7  +  PP-263  +  Contents  pp.  11.  With  Portrait. 
The  above,  with  a  new  titlepage. 
Brit.  Mus.  3455.  c.  32. 


184  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1705. 

60.  [The   Same.     Also   termed]   The  Sixth 

Edition. 

121110.  London,  Printed  for  Samuel 
Keble  .  .  and  R.  Wellington  .  . 
and  W.  &  M.  Gilliflower  .  . 
1705- 

11.  7  +  pp.  263  +  Contents  pp.  11  (not  paged). 
With  Portrait.   The  same  book  with  anew  titlepage. 
Bodl.  Lib.  138.  g.  110. 

1838. 

61.  The  Private  Devotions  of  Dr.  William 

Laud  .  .  .  edited  by  F.  W.  Faber. 

i6mo.  Oxford,  J.  H.  Parker  .  .  . 

MDCCCXXXVIII. 

pp.  x  +  234.  A  reprint,  with  notes,  of  the  edition 
of  1667.  Re-issued,  with  a  new  titlepage,  mdcccxxxix. 
[Bodl.  Lib.  14010.  f.  93]. 

1855. 

62.  The  Private  Devotions  of  Dr.  William 

Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and 
Martyr.    A  New  Edition. 

121110.  Oxford  and  London,  .  .  . 
Parker.  1855. 
pp.  xv  +  270.    A  reprint  of  the  edition  of  1667, 
with  the  translations  of  the  prayers  from  the  edition 
of  1705. 

1864. 

63.  [The  Same.]     New  Edition. 

8vo.    Oxford  &  London,   .   .  . 
Parker  .  .  .  1864. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


i«5 


1651. 

64.  Seven  Sermons  Preached  Upon  severall  occasions 
By  The  Right  Reverend  and  Learned  Father  in 
God,  William  Lavd,  Late  Arch-Bishop  of  Canter- 
bury .     .  . 

i2mo.    London,  for  R.  Lowndes. 

MDCLI. 

11  3  +  pp.  339-  Containing  the  Seven  Sermons  already 
noticed  (Nos.  4,  5,  10,  11,  12,  13  and  50). 

1829. 

65.  [The  Same.]  Reprinted  .  .  .  from  the  last 
edition  in  165 1.  Edited  by  the  Rev 
J.  W.  Hatherell  .  .  . 

8vo.    London,  .  .  Rivington  .  .  . 
1829. 

pp.  xx  +  241. 

1695. 

66.  The  History  of  the  Troubles  and  Tryal  of  The 
Most  Reverend  Father  in  God,  and  Blessed  Martyr, 
William  Laud,  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
Wrote  by  Himselfe,  during  his  Imprisonment  in  the 
Tower.  To  which  is  prefixed  The  Diary  of  His 
Owne  Life  .... 

Folio.    London,  Printed  for  Ri. 
Chiswell  1695. 

11.  10  +  pp.  616.  With  Portrait.  Containing  also  the  Answer 
to  Lord  Say's  Speech  on  the  Liturgy,  the  Archbishop's  Will, 
&c.    Edited  by  Henry  Wharton. 


186  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1700. 

67.  The  Second  Volume  of  the  Remains  of  the  most 
Reverend  Father  in  GOD,  And  blessed  martyr, 
William  Laud,  Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury. 
Written  by  Himself.  Collected  by  the  late  Learned 
Mr.  Henry  Wharton,  And  Published  according  to 
his  request  by  the  Reverend  Mr.  Edmund  Wharton, 
his  Father  .  .  . 

Folio.  London,  for  Sam.  Keble  .  .  . 
Dan.  Brown  .  .  .  Will.  Hens- 
man  .  .  .  Matt.  Wotton  .  .  . 
and  R.  Knaplock  .  .  .  1700. 

11.  2  +  pp.  217. 

Contents  : — Answer  to  Ld.  Say's  Speech  against  the  Bishops, 
Speech  at  the  Censure  of  Bastwick  &c,  and  History  of  his 
Chancellorship 

1737. 

68.  Concilia  Magna?  Britannia?  et  Hiberniae  [edited  by 
Bp.  Wilkins] .  Vol.  IV.  pp.  480-554.  [The  Primacy 
of  Archbishop  Laud] . 

Folio.    Londini,  mdccxxxvii. 

Containing  many  writings  of  Abp.  Laud,  not  previously  pub- 
lished :  e.g.  p.  523-524,  "A  form  of  penance  and  reconciliation 
of  a  renegade  or  apostate,  from  the  christian  church,  to 
Turcism  "  :  pp.  529-531,  "  Statuta  sive  ordinationes  per  reveren- 
dissimum  dom.  Will.  Laud,  archiep.  Cant,  edita  et  promulgata." 


1780? 

69.  A  Conference  Between  Christ  and  a  Doubtful 
Christian  :  to  which  is  added,  The  Good  Man's 
comfortable  Companion ;  Or,  a  Daily  preparation 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


187 


1780? 

for  Heaven  .  .  .  Also  a  Collection  of  Excellent 
Prayers  for  morning  and  evening,  for  every  day  of 
the  week  .  .  .  By  Archbishop  Land.  The  Fifth 
Edition. 

8vo.    London  s.a.  [1780?] 

pp.  32,  with  Frontispiece.    Collection  of  Prayers  pp.  22-32. 
Brit.  Mus.  4371.  e.  3  (3).    I  have  seen  no  other  edition. 

1809. 

70.  Cobbett's  Complete  Collection  of  State  Trials. 

8vo.    London  .  .  .  1809  &c. 

Vol.  IV.  Cols.  315-626.  "The  Trial  of  Dr.  William  Laud, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  for  High  Treason:  16-20  Charles  I. 
a  d.  1640-1644.  Written  by  Himself  during  his  Imprisonment 
in  the  Tower." 

Reprinted  from  Wharton's  edition  of  1695,  No  66. 

1839. 

71.  The  Autobiography  of  Dr.  William  Laud,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  and  Martyr.  Collected  from 
his  Remains.     [edited  by  J.  H.  Newman]. 

i6mo.    Oxford,  Parker,  mdcccxxxix. 

pp.  xxxix  +  448- 
1840. 

72.  Liturgy,  Episcopacy,  and  Church  Ritual:  Three 
Speeches  by  Archbishop  Laud. 

8vo.    Oxford,  Parker  s.a. 

pp.  401.  Containing  the  Answer  to  Lord  Say  on  the  Liturgy, 
the  Answer  to  Lord  Say  on  the  Bishops,  and  the  Speech  at  the 
Censure  of  Bastwick,  Burton,  and  Prynne. 


1 88  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1842. 

73.  Tracts  of  the  Anglican  Fathers,  with  introductions, 
notes,  &c.  4  vols.  Vol.  I.  On  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer. 

8vo.    London,  sa.  [1842]. 

pp.  xvi  +  349.  Also  published  in  parts.  At  pp.  195-216 
"The  great  peril  of  Popery,  especially  in  the  matter  of  the 
blessed  Eucharist,''  by  Archbishop  Laud.    Extracted  from  the 

Conference  with  Fisher. 

1844. 

74.  The  Object,  Importance  and  Antiquity  of  the  Rite 
of  Consecration  of  Churches  .  .  with  .  .  an  Appendix 
containing  the  Consecration  Services  of  Bishop 
Andrewes  and  of  Archbishop  Laud.  By  E.  C. 
Harington  .  .  . 

8vo.    London  .  .  1844 

At  pp.  195  f.  "  Modus  procedendi  in  negotio  consecrationis 
ecclesiac  parochialis  et  ccemeterii  "  by  Abp.  Laud. 

1847  &c. 

75.  The  Works  of  the  Most  Reverend  Father  in  God, 
W  illiam  Laud  D.D.  Sometime  Lord  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury.  7  Vols.  "Library  of  Anglo-Catholic 
Theology] . 

8vo.    Oxford  :  John  Henry  Parker. 
mdcccxlvii  &c. 

Vol.  I.    1847.    pp.  xii  +  212.  Sermons. 
Vol.  II.    1849.    pp.  [xxxi]  +  xl  +  440.     Conference  with 
Fisher. 

Vol.  III.    1853.    pp.  vii  +  463.   Devotions,  Diary,  and  His- 
tory of  Troubles  part  1 . 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


1847  &c. 

Vol.  IV.  1854.  pp.  vii  +  504.  History  of  Troubles  part  2, 
and  Romes  Masterpiece  (with  the  Arch- 
bishop's notes). 

Vol.  V.  (In  Two  Parts)  1853.  pp.  xv  +  C35.  History  of 
his  Chancellorship,  Accounts  of  Province, 
Form  of  Penance,  Injunctions  &c,  Canons. 

Vol.  VI.  (In  Two  Parts)  1857.  pp.  viii  +  708.  Miscella- 
neous Papers,  Letters  I-CC,  Notes  on 
Controversies  of  Bellarmine. 

Vol.  VII.  i860,  pp.  xxiv  +  707.  Letters  CCI-CCCCLII, 
Appendix,  and  General  Index. 

Vols.  1  and  II  edited  by  William  Scott  ;  Vols.  III-VII  by 
James  Bliss. 

In  Vol  VII.  pp.  ix-x,  there  is  a  list  of  the  sources,  printed 
and  MS,  from  which  the  Letters  were  obtained.  There  are 
two  letters  to  be  added  to  these  ;  viz.,  one  printed  in  the 
English  Historical  Review  for  Oct.  1892,  and  one  in  this  volume 
(P-  273)- 


APPENDIX. 

Works  prepared  by  Archbishop  Laud,  or  issued 
with  his  authority. 

1636. 

76.  [The  Book  of  Common  Prayer  ...  for  the  Use 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland]. 

Folio.    Edinburgh,  .  .  1636. 

Prepared  by  Abp.  Laud.  An  Edition  in  Black  Letter,  of 
which  only  a  few  fragments  are  known  to  be  in  existence.  See 
No.  285,  and  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue,  No.  47. 

1637. 

77.  The  Booke  of  Common  Prayer  and  Ad- 
ministration of  The  Sacraments.  And 


190  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1837. 

other  Parts  of  Divine  Service  for  the 
Use  of  the  Church  of  Scotland. 

Folio.  Edinburgh,  by  Robert 
Young,  Printer  to  the  King's 
most  Excellent  Majestie  1637. 

11.  123.    Black  Letter. 

1845. 

78.  [The  Same.]   A  fac-simile  reproduction  of 

the  edition  of  1637,  being  No.  5  of 
Pickering's  Reprints. 

Folio.    London,  Pickering.  1844. 
11.  6  +  123. 

1857. 

79.  Reliquiae   Liturgicae.      Documents,  con- 

nected with  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church 
of  England  .  .  .  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
Peter  Hall.  Vol.  II.  The  Scottish 
Prayer-Book. 

i6mo.    Bath  .  .  .  mdcccxlvii. 

11.  2  +  pp.  246.      Another  reprint  of  Laud's 
Prayer  Book. 

1636. 

80.  Canons  and  Constitvtions  Ecclesiasticall.  Gathered 
and  put  into  forme,  for  the  Governament  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland.  .  .  .   Published  by  Authoritie. 

4to.  Aberdene,  Edward  Raban.  1636. 
These  have  been  several  times  reprinted. 

1640. 

81 .  Constitutions  and  Canons  Ecclesiasticall ;  Treated 
upon  by  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  and  York, 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


191 


1640. 

Presidents  of  the  Convocations  .  .  .  and  the  rest  of 
the  Bishops  and  Clergie  of  those  Provinces  ;  and 
agreed  upon  with  the  Kings  Majesties  Licence  in 
their  severall  Synods  begun  at  London  and  York 
1640  .  .  . 

4to.  London,  Robert  Barker  .  .  . 
and  the  Assignes  of  John  Bill. 
These  have  been  many  times  reprinted. 

1888. 

82.  Statutes  of  the  University  of  Oxford  codified  in 
the  year  1636  under  the  authority  of  Archbishop 
Laud  ....  Edited  by  the  late  J.  Griffiths  .  .  . 
with  an  introduction  on  the  history  of  the  Laudian 
code  by  C.  L.  Shad  well. 

4to.  Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.  1888. 

pp.  xxxii  4-  339- 

A  preliminary  edition  was  published  in  1634  for  use  in  the 
University  during  a  year  of  probation.  When  the  revision  was 
finished,  the  new  matter  was  inserted  in  MS.  In  1768  an  edition 
was  published,  but  with  the  addition  of  matter  of  much  later 
date  :  so  that  the  present  is  the  first  true  edition  of  the  complete 
Laudian  Statutes. — See  Mr.  Shadwell's  Introduction,  p  xxix  ; 
and  pp.  70,  71  ante. 

In  or  about  1840  Mr.  Pickering  announced  "  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Statutes,  translated  by  G.  R.  M.  Ward,  Esq.,  M.A., 
Vol.  I,  containing  the  Caroline  Code,  or  Laudian  Statutes  pro- 
mulgated a.d.  1636,  8vo."    Apparently  it  was  never  published. 

83.  The  Manner  of  the  Coronation  of  King  Charles  the 
First  of  England  at  Westminster  2  Feb.  1626. 
[Prepared  by  William  Laud,  then  Bishop  of  St. 
Davids] .  Edited  for  the  Henry  Bradshaw  Liturgical 
Text  Society  [Vol.  ii.]  by  Chr.  Wordsworth,  M.A. 

8vo.    London.  1892. 
pp.  lxviii  +  147.     See  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue  No.  10. 


192 


Avchbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


B.    WORKS  RELATING  TO  ARCHBISHOP 
LAUD. 

[Under  this  heading  aye  included  biographies  of  the  Archbishop, 
pamphlets,  speeches,  letters,  sermons  &c.  relating  or  referring  to 
him,  and  books  in  winch  writings  of  his  or  to  him  are  given  by 
way  of  illustration.] 

1637. 

84.  A  Breife  Relation  Of  certain  speciall  and  most 
materiall  passages,  and  speeches  in  the  Starre- 
Chamber,  occasioned  and  delivered  Iune  the  14th 
1637.  at  the  censure  of  those  three  worthy  Gentle- 
men, Dr.  Bastwicke,  Mr.  Bvrton,  and  Mr.  Prynne, 
as  it  hath  beene  truely  and  faithfully  gathered  from 
theire  owne  mouths  by  one  present  at  the  said 
censure.  [Ornamental  device] 

4to.    Printed  in  the  Yeere  1637. 

PP-  3i- 

Brit.  Mus.  8122,  e. 

[Reprinted  in  the  Harl.  Misc.  Vol.  IV.  12  (1809)] 
1638. 

85.  [Another  Edition]  ...  of  Certaine  speciall 
.  .  .  Occasioned  And  delivered  .  .  . 
at  the  Censure  of  .  .  .  Dr.  Bastwicke, 
Mr.  Burton  .  .  .  As  it  hath  beene  .  .  . 
[Different  ornamental  device] . 

4to.    Printed  in  the  yeare  1638. 
PP-  31. 

Brit.  Mus.  4106,  a. 

■ 

[Probably  there  are  other  editions  of  1638.] 


Laud ia n  B ibliogra p hy . 


i93 


1638. 

86.  DIVINE ANDPOLITIKE  \  OBSERVATIONS  \ 
Newly  translated  out  of  the  Dutch  language,  wherein 
they  were  lately  divulged.  |  UPON  |  Some  Lines 
in  the  speech  of  the  Arch.  B.  of  Canter- 
bury, pronoun-  [  ced  in  the  Starre-Chamber  upon 
14.  June,  1637.  I  VERY  |  Expedient  for  preventing 
all  prejudice,  which  as  well  through  igno-  |  ranee,  as 
through  malice  and  flattery,  may  be  incident  to  the 
I  judgement  which  men  make  thereby,  either  of  his 
Graces  |  power  over  the  Church,  and  with  the  King, 
or  of  I  the  Equity,  Justice,  and  Wisdome  of  his 
end  I  in  his  said  speech,  and  of  the  reasons  used  | 
by  him  for  attaining  to  his  |  said  end.  |  [Prov.  26,  28. 
Ovid.  1.  2.  Eleg.] 

4to.  Printed  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  | 
mdc,xxxviii,   [Amsterdam  ?] 

11.  3  +  pp.  62  +  one  page  of  errata.  Doubtless  not  a  trans- 
lation, but  first  written  in  English.  The  title  page  is  followed 
by  The  Translator's  [MS.  correction  in  many  copies  "Author's"] 
Dedicatory  Epistle,  signed  Theopilus.  Then  follows  The  Trans- 
lator to  the  Reader.  Page  1  has,  under  an  ornamental  head-piece, 
DIVINE  AND  POLITIC  ALL  OBSERVATIONS  upon  the 
Arch-Bishops  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  the  King,  concerning  his  speech 
in  the  Starrc  Chamber.  On  p.  9  the  same  headpiece  is  repeated, 
with  DIVINE  AND  POLITICALL  OBSERVATIONS  upon 
the  Arch-Bishops  speech  in  the  Starrc  Chamber. 

Bodl.  Lib.  G.  Pamph.  2289  (1). 

87.  [Another  Edition.  No  titlepage,  Dedi- 
cation, or  Preface.  Page  1  has,  under 
the  same  ornamental  head-piece]  Di- 
vine and  Politicall  Observations  upon 
a  speech  pronounced  by  the  Arch.  B. 
of  Canter,  in  the  Starre  Chamber  upon 
the  14th  of  June,    1437  [sic]  newly 

o 


194  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1638. 

translated  out  of  the  Dutch  languague 
[sic] .  Wherein  They  were  lately 
divulged. 

4to.    5./.  et  a. 

pp.  62  +  one  page  of  errata.  After  p.  1  the  iract 
is  the  same,  page  by  page,  with  No.  86,  of  which  it 
may  not  improbably  be  an  earlier  edition. 

Lincoln  Cathedral  Library  Varia  Rr.  6.  14. 

1640. 

88.  Articles  Exhibited  In  Parliament  Against  William 
Archbishop  Of  Canterbury  [Dec.  18]  1640. 

4to.    [London  ?]    Printed  in  the 
yeare  1640. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  5. 

Guildhall  Library,  London  (Catalogue  p.  510). 

81).  Fortune's   Tennis-ball  ...  or,  a   Proviso  for  all 
those  that  are  elevated,  to  take  heed  of  falling  .  .  . 

4to.    [London]  Anno  Dom.  1640. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  6.  Woodcut  on  titlepage.  Verses  against 
Abp.  Laud,  &c. 

On  p.  5.  Epitaph  "  On  our  Great  Bishop 
W.  L.    A.  B.  C. 
If  anie  stranger  shall  ask  who  lies  here 
Let  his  new  toomb  this  for  inscription  beare. 
P'aint  Pope  and  divell,  make  the  stranger  laugh  ; 
Mix  his  own  shame,  and  there's  his  epitaph." 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  160  (5).  A  copy  in  the  Bodleian  Library  [Line. 
C.  13.  11]  has  a  note  "  This  is  totally  distinct  from  Rob.  Baron's 
'  Fortune's  Tennis-ball.'  " 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


195 


1640 

90.  Ladensium  avroKaTaKpurn,  The  Canterbvrians 
Self-Conviction,  Or  An  evident  demonstration  of 
the  avowed  Arminianisme,  Poperie,  and  tyrannie  of 
that  Faction,  by  their  owne  Confessions.  With  a 
Postscript  to  the  Personate  Jesuite  Lysimachus 
Nicanor,  a  prime  Canterburian.  [By  Robert 
Baillie] . 

4to.  s.l.  [Edinburgh  ?]  Written  in 
March,  and  printed  in  April 
1640. 

11.  11  +  pp.  128:  Postscript  pp.  28.  On  p.  128,  "Revised 
according  to  the  ordinance  of  the  generall  Assembly.  By  Mr. 
A.  Ihonston  Clerk  thereto:  Edinb.  I.  of  Aprile  1640." 

The  "Postscript"  is  in  answer  to  "The  Epistle  Congratu- 
latorie  of  Lysimachus  Nicanor,  Of  the  Societie  of  Jesu,  To  the 
Covenanters  in  Scotland  .  .  s.l.  Anno  Domini  m.dc.xl  [Bodl. 
Lib.  Pamph.  39] 

Brit.  Mus.  855.  b.  2. 

91.  [Another    Edition.]    .    .    the  Personat 

Jesuite  .  .  . 

4to.  s.l.  [Amsterdam  ?]  Written  in 
March,  and  printed  in  April, 
1640. 

11  11  +  pp.  128  +  28.  This  Edition  is  printed  in 
entirely  different  type.  With  a  table  of  errata,  facing 
p.  128,  not  in  the  former  edition. 

Brit.  Mus.  698,  g.  9  (5). 

1641. 

92.  Ladensium   avTOKa.Ta.Kpi(rL<;  ....  The 

Third  Edition,  augmented  by  the 
Author  with  a  large  Supplement.  And 

02 


ig6 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

corrected  in  Typographicke  faults,  not 
these  onely  which  in  a  huge  number 
did  escape  through  negligence  and 
ignorance  that  Printer  at  Amsterdam, 
but  these  also  which  in  the  very  first 
Edition  were  but  too  many.  Helped 
also  in  sundry  Materiall  Passages, 
wherein  the  Author  hath  received 
better  information. 

4to.     [London]     Printed  for 
Nathaniel  Bvtter  1641. 

U.  11  +  pp.  131.  Supplement  pp.  70  +  one  leaf 
of  Errata.  Postscript  pp.  37.  Of  the  Supplement, 
which  is  entitled  "  A  Large  Supplement  to  the 
Canterburian  Self-conviction,  opening  to  the  World, 
yet  more  of  the  wicked  Mysteries  of  that  Faction  from 
their  own  Writs  .  .  .  Imprinted  1 641,"  many  copies 
appear  to  have  been  published  separately  [e.g.  Bodl. 
Lib.  1.  d.  139  (4)] 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  168  (13). 


1640. 

93.  A  Briefe  Examination  ;  Of  a  Certain  Pamphlet 
lately  Printed  in  Scotland,  and  Intituled:  Ladensium 
Autocatacrisis,  etc. 

4to.    s.l.  et  a  [1640.] 

pp.  56 ;  incomplete,  and  without  separate  titlepage.  After 
the  above  heading  it  begins  "  There  was  written  in  Scotland, 
and  directed  to  the  high  Court  of  the  Parliament  of  England, 
,   at  their  last  sitting,  a  bitter  and  malicious  Pamphlet,  in 
tituled,"  &c. 

There  is  a  note  in  contemporary  handwriting  "This  Briefe 


Laudian  Bibliography.  hjj 


1640. 

Examon  :  following  was  found  in  y«  Archbishops  Library 
wher  the  whole  Impression  of  these  seuen  sheets  was  found, 
but  neither  beginning  nor  endinge  more  than  is  herein  con- 
tained. May  the  nth  1644." 

The  British  Museum  Catalogue  dates  it  1644:  but  it  was 
doubtless  being  printed  in  1640  under  the  Archbishop's  own 
superintendence ;  and  owing  to  his  removal  to  the  Tower  on 
Dec.  18th  1640,  it  was  never  completed,  but  seized  together 
with  the  remainder  of  his  effects  at  Lambeth. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  47  (7). 


94.  A  Letter  Written  By  a  Learned  and  Reverent 
Divine,  to  William  Laud,  Now  L.  Bishop  of 
Canterbury:  concerning  His  Inclination  to  Popery, 
perswading  him  not  to  halt  betweene  two  Opinions, 
but  to  be  stedfast  to  the  Protestant  Religion. 

4to.  s.l.  et  a.  Printed  in  the  year 
of  God's  great  &  merciful 
deliverance  from  Sundry  Romish 
and  Jesuiticall  plots  against  this 
State  and  Kingdome  [1640?]. 

11.  4.  Printed  in  Italics.  In  a  copy  in  the  Bodleian  Library 
[Pamph.  39  (12)]  the  "  Reverent  Divine  "  is  said  (in  MS.  hand  of 
about  1700)  to  be  Bp.  Hall.  This  is  most  improbable,  as  the 
style  does  not  seem  to  be  his. 

The  British  Museum  Catalogue  [E.  106  (4)]  dates  it  [London] 
1643. 


95.  Lord  Bishops  none  of  the  Lords  Bishops  Or  A 
short  Discourse,  wherein  is  proved  that  Prelaticall 
Jurisdiction,    Is    Not   Of   Divine  Institution  .  .  . 


198  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1640. 

wherein  also  sundry  notable  passages  of  the  Arch- 
Prelate  of  Canterbury  in  his  late  Booke,  Intituled, 
A  Relation  of  a  Conference,  &c,  are  by  the  way 
met  withall  .  .  .  [By  W.  Prynne] . 

410.    [London]    Printed   in  the 
Month  of  November,  1640. 

11.  43. 

Brit.  Mus.  4103.  b.  1. 


96.  A  Replie  to  a  Relation,  of  a  Conference  Between 
William  Laude  and  Mr.  Fisher  the  Jesuite.  By  a 
Witnesse  of  Jesus  Christ. 

410.  s.l.  [Edinburgh]  Imprinted, 
Anno  mdcxl. 

11.  24  +  pp.  405.  The  "Replie  to  a  Relation  &c."  was 
almost  certainly  written  by  Henry  Burton,  the  companion  in 
misfortune  of  Prynne  and  Bastwick. 

[Reprinted  in  Dr.  Cardwell's  edition  of  the  Con- 
ference, Oxford  1839  (No.  36)]. 


97.  On  Wings  of 

Feare  Finch  Flies  away 
Alas  Poore  Will, 
Hee's  forc'd  to  stay. 

Broadside,  folio.  [London  (?)  1640.] 

Satirical  verses  on  Lord  Finch's  flight,  and  Archbishop  Laud's 
imprisonment.    Portraits  of  Finch  and  Laud. 
Brit.  Mus.  835.  m.  9  (49). 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


199 


1641. 

98.  Artyckelen  van't  Huys  der  Geemeente  .  .  .  tot 
verantwoording  van  hare  beschuldinge  tegen  W. 
Lavd,  Ertz-Bisschop  van  Canterbury  [Dec.  8. 
1640.]  .  .  . 

4to.  5./.  et  a.  [1640-1] 
11.  4.    A  translation  of  No.  88. 

99.  The  Accusation  and  Impeachment  of  William  Laud 
Arch  bishop  of  Canterbury  by  the  House  of 
Commons  in  Maintenance  of  the  Accusations 
whereby  he  standeth  charged  with  High-Treason. 

4to.  s.l.  Printed  Anno  Dom.  1641. 

pp.  8. 

[Reprinted  in  Had.  Misc.  IV.  574  (1809)]. 

100.  The  Charge  of  the  Scottish  Commissioners  Against 
Canterbvrie  and  the  Lieutenant  of  Ireland.  To- 
gether with  their  Demand  concerning  the  Sixt 
Article  of  the  Treaty. 

4to.  s.l.    [Ldinburgh  ?  J  Piinted 
Anno  Dom.  mdcxli. 

One  leaf  +   pp    38,    dated   at    end    16    Decemb.  1640. 
+  pp  16,  dated  Ian.  16th. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Pampli.  41. 


101.  [Another  Edition]  Whereunto  is  added 
the  Parliaments  Resolution  about  the 
Proportion  of   the  Scottish  charges, 


200 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

and  the  Scottish  Commissioners  thank- 
full  acceptance  thereof. 

4to.    London,  Printed  for  Nath. 
Butter  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  53. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Line.  C.  13.  II. 

[Reprinted  in  the  Somers  Tracts  IV.  415  (1809).] 


102.  Articles  Exhibited  In  Parliament  Against  William 
Archbishop  Of  Canterbury.  Feb.  25.  1640  [1] . 
Published  by  a  true  and  perfect  copy. 

4to.  s.l.  Printed  in  the  yeare  1640  [1] . 

One  leaf  +  pp.  9.  [paged  1-2  and  9-15]. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Pamph.  39  (14). 


103.  A  Seasonable  Speech  by  sir  Nathaniel  Coppinger, 
spoken  in  the  high  court  of  Parliament  Oct.  24. 
1641,  for  bringing  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
to  his  long  expected  tryall ;  and  concerning  the 
expulsion  of  Papists  .  .  . 

4T.0.    London  ...  1641. 

11.  3. 


104.  Fovre.  [sic]  Speeches  made  by  Sr  Edward  Deering 
in  the  high  Court  of  Parliament.  Concerning  the 
Arch-Bishop  and  divers  other  Grievances. 

4to.  London,  Printed  for  Francis 
Coles,  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  14. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  196  (18). 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


20 1 


1641. 

105.  Three  Speeches,  made  by  Sir  Iohn  VVray,  To  the 
House  of  Commons,  assembled  in  Parliament.  1 
Against  Thomas  Earl  of  Strafford,  and  the  Bishop 
of  Canterbury.  2  Being  a  motion  for  the  taking  of 
an  oath  to  maintaine  the  Religion  and  vowes 
established.  3  Against  the  Oath  and  Canons  made 
by  the  Assembly  at  the  last  Convocation. 

410.    London  Printed,  1641. 

pp.  8. 

Brit.  Mus.  100.  a.  56. 

106.  Eight  Occasionall  Speeches,  made  in  the  house  of 
Commons  this  Parliament,  1641.  1.  Concerning 
Religion  ...  5.  Vpon  the  impeachment  of  the 
Lord  Strafford,  and  Canterbury  &c.  .  .  .  By 
Sir  Iohn  Wray  Knight  and  Barronet. 

4to.  London.  Printed  for  Erancis 
Constable,  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  13. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  196  (10). 

107.  Mr.  Grymston's  Speech  in  Parliament  upon  The 
Accusation  and  Impeachment  of  William  Laud 
Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury,  upon  high  Treason. 
Declaring  his  wicked  proceedings,  and  exorbitant 
power,  both  in  Church  and  Commonwealth. 

4to.  s.l.   Printed  in  the  Yeare  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  5.     The  author  was  afterwards  Sir  H. 
Grimstone  Bart. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Line.  C.  13  ri. 


202  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

108.  The  Speech  or  Declaration  of  John  Pymm,  Esq. 
To  the  Lords  of  the  upper  House  upon  the  delivery 
of  the  Articles  of  the  Commons  assembled  in  Par- 
liament against  W.  Lavd  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, in  maintenance  of  their  Accusation,  whereby 
lie  stands  charged  with  High  Treason.  Together 
With  a  true  Copy  of  the  said  Articles. 

4T.0.  London.   Printed  for  Ralph 
Mabb.  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  34. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Ashm.  1003.  15. 

109.  De  Oratie  .  .  .  van  Iohn  Pym  Esquire,  Ghedaen 
...  op  het  overleveren  van  d'Artijckelen  vande 
[sic]  Gemeenten  .  .  .  teghens  William  Laud  .  .  . 

4to.    Amsterdam  1641 

11.  6. 

Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  1  (7). 

110.  A  Speech  of  the  Right  Honourable  Lord  Viscount 
Say  and  Seele  ...  In  Answer  to  the  Lord  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterburies  last  Speech,  and  concerning 
the  Liturgie  of  the  Church  of  England. 

4to.  s.l.    Anno  Domini  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  8. 

111.  All  to  Westminster:  Or,  Newes  from  Elizium  or 
A  Packet  of  Wonders,  brought  over  in  Charon's 
Ferry-Boat  last  Spring  Tyde  

4to.   [London]  1641. 

pp.  6.    Portrait  of  Laud  on  frontispiece.    A  satire  on  the 
Bishops. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Ashm.  1028  (24). 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


203 


1641. 

112.  Archy's  Dream,  sometimes  Iester  to  his  Maiestie  ; 
but  exiled  the  Court  by  Canterburie's  malice. 
With  a  relation  for  whom  an  odde  chaire  stood 
voide  in  Hell. 

4to.  s.l.    Printed  in  the  yeare  1641. 

11.  4.    Woodcut  on  titlepage  of  Archy  in  bed. 
Bodl  Lib.  Wood  366  (31). 

[Reprinted  in  Ashbee's  occasional  Fac-simile 
Reprints,  No  II.  (4to.  London,  1868).  And  in 
Hindley's  Miscellanea  Antiqua,  Vol.  iii.  No.  16.] 

113.  The  Organ's  Eccho.  To  the  Tune  of  the  Cathe- 
drall  Service. 

4to.    Printed  in  the  year  1641. 
11.  2.    Twelve  satirical  verses  on  Laud.    With  two  small 
woodcuts. 

Brit.  Mus.  Rox.  III.  573. 

114.  The  Organ's  Eccho.   To  the  Tune  of  the 

Cathedrall  Service. 

Broadside,  folio,  s.l.  Printed  in  the 
yeere  1641. 

In  verse,  with  two  woodcuts. 
Brit.  Mus.  669.  f.  4  (32). 

115.  [Another  Edition] 

Broadside,  folio,  s.l.  Printed  in  the 
yeere  1641. 

With  different  woodcuts,  and  a  few  verbal 
differences. 

Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue  of  Prints,  &c.  Div.  I. 
vol.  i.  No.  186. 

[Reprinted  in  Wilkins's  Political  Ballads  (2  vols. 
8vo.  i860)] . 


204  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

116.  A  Rot  Amongst  the  Bishops,  or,  A  Terrible  Tem- 
pest in  the  Sea  of  Canterbury,  Set  forth  in  lively 
Emblems  to  please  the  judicious  Reader.  By 
Tho:  Stirry. 

4-to.    London,  R.  O.  &  G.  D. 

MDCXLI. 

11  3  +  pp.  g.    Rough  woodcuts.    A  Satire  in  Verse. 

1838. 

117.  [The  Same.]  Reprinted  with  facsimiles 
of  titlepage  and  woodcuts,  by  C. 
Castle,  82  Fetter  Lane. 

i2mo.  London  [1838]. 

pp.  14. 

1641. 

118.  A  Discovery  of  the  Notorious  Proceedings  of 
William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in 
bringing  Innovations  into  the  Church,  &  raising 
up  Troubles  in  the  State ;  his  pride  in  riding  in 
his  Coach  when  the  King  himselfe  went  along  on 
foot,  and  being  reproved,  would  not  alight.  With 
his  tyrannicall  government  both  in  himselfe  and 
his  Agents.  Confessed  by  John  Brown  [S.  J.]  a 
Prisoner  in  the  Gatehouse,  twice  examined  by  a 
Committee  of  six  from  the  Honourable  House  of 
Commons.  And  now  brought  to  view  of  the 
world,  October  15.  1641. 

.fto.    London,  Henry  Walker  1641. 

II.  4. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  172  (37). 

119.  A  New  Discovery  of  the  Prelates  Tyranny,  in  their 
late  Persecutions  of  Mr  William  Pryn,  an  eminent 
lawyer,  Dr  John  Bastwick,  a  learned  physician, 


La ii ilia n  Bibliography. 


205 


1641. 

and  Mr  Henry  Burton,  a  reverend  divine.  I  >y 
William  Prynne,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Esquire. 

4to.  Printed  at  London  for  M.  S. 
1641 . 

pp.  48  -f  226.    With  portraits  of  Laud,  Prynne,  Bastwick, 
and  Burton. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  162  (1). 

120.  The  Archbishops  Crueltie,  Made  knowne  in  a  true 
Story  of  one  Mr  Edward  Rood,  who  was  Minister 
at  Saint  Helens  in  Abingdon  ....  By  Giles 
Gulter,  Batchelour  of  Arts. 

4-tO.   s.l.    Printed  Anno  Domini 
1 64 1 . 

11.  4. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  166  (4). 

121.  A  Briefe  Recitall  Of  the  unreasonable  proceedings 
of  Dr.  Laud  against  T.  W.  Minister  of  the  Word 
of  God  ;  which  he  conveyed  into  his  hands  in  a 
Letter  very  lately  sent  to  him  in  the  Tower.  To- 
gether with  his  absurd  answer  to  the  same.  Pub- 
lished to  the  World  for  the  honour  of  his  Grace. 

4to.    London,    Printed  by  E.  G. 
for  Henry  Overton  .  .  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  5. 
Brit.  Mus.  4103.  c 

122.  Reader,  Here  you'l  plainly  see  Judgement  per- 
verted by  these  three  a  Priest,  a  Judge,  a  Pa- 
tentee.   Written  by  Thomas  Heywood. 

4to.  s.l.     Printed  in  the  happy 
yeere  of  Grace  1641. 

With  curious  woodcut  of  Abp.  Laud,  Lord  Finch,  and  Alder- 
man Abel,  which  was  more  than  once  reprinted  in  other  tracts. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  171.  2. 


206 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

123.  England's  Rejoycing  at  the  Prelat's  Downfall. 

4to.  England,  printed  in  the  yeare 
of  the  Down-falle  of  the  Prelats 
1 64 1. 

11.  4. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Line.  A.  10.  21. 


124.  The  Lordly  Prelate,  or  Receipts  how  to  recover 
a  lost  Bishop. 

4to.  London  1641. 

With  portrait. 

Lowndes,  Bibl.  Manual,  p.  1318. 


125.  [Another  Edition]  The  Lordly  Prelate. 
Being,  Diverse  experimentall  receits, 
how  to  recover  a  Bishop  if  he  were 
lost.  Written  for  the  satisfaction  of 
after  times,  should  they  desire  to  re- 
call, what  we  labour  to  reject. 

4to.  s.l.   Printed  in  the  yeare  1641. 

11.  4.    With  portrait. 

Hazlitt,  Bibliographical  Collections  iii.  437. 

12G.  The  Recantation  Of  the  Prelate  of  Canterbury: 
Being  his  last  Advice  to  his  Brethren  the  Bishops 
of  England :  To  consider  his  Fall,  observe  the 
Times,  forsake  their  Wayes,  and  to  joyne  in  this 
good  work  of  Reformation  .  .  . 

4to.    London,  Printed  1641. 

11.  2  +  pp.  41.    Woodcut  portrait  of  Laud  falling. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Wood  366  (27). 


Laudian  BibliograpJiy. 


1641. 

127.  A  True  Description,  or  Rather  a  Parallel  between 
Cardinall  Wolsey,  Arch-Bishop  of  York,  And 
William  Laud,  Arch- Bishop  of  Canterbury. 

4to.  s.l.    Printed  in  the  Yeare  1641. 

pp.  8.    See  No.  133. 

This  tract  has  been  attributed  to  John  Milton.    See  No.  252. 

An  Edition  of  Cavendish's  Life  of  Wolsey  was  published  in 
1641  [Brit.  Mus.  E.  166  (14)],  with  an  Advertisement  to  the 
Reader  that  "  Who  pleaseth  to  reade  this  History  advisedly 
may  well  perceive  the  immutability  of  honour,  the  tottering 
state  of  earthly  Dignity,  the  deceit  of  faltering  friends,  and  the 
instability  of  Princes  favours." 

[Reprinted  also  in  Harl.  Misc.  IV.  507  (1809), 
Somers  Tracts  IV.  431  (1810);  and  Cavendish's 
Life  of  Wolsey  II.  231  (Chiswick  1825)]. 

128.  The  Bishop's  Potion,  Or,  A  Dialogue  between  the 
Bishop  of  Canterbury,  and  his  phisitian,  wherein 
He  desireth  the  Doctor  to  have  a  care  of  his  Bodie, 
and  to  preserve  him  from  being  let  blood  in  the 
neck,  when  the  signe  is  in  Taurus. 

4to.  London,  Printed  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  4.    Woodcut  of  Laud  and  Physician. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Wood  366.  22. 

[Reprinted  in  the  Harl.  Misc.  VI.  278  (1810)] . 

120.  [Another  Edition].  ...  A  Dialogue 
betweene  .  .  .  ,  when  the  signe  is  in 
Paulus.  [sic] 

Broadside,  folio,  s.l.    Printed  in 
the  Yeer  1641. 


2o8  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

130.  Canterburies  Amazement:  or  The  Ghost  of  the 
yong  fellow  Thomas  Bensted,  who  was  Drawne, 
Hangd,  and  Quartered  by  the  meanes  of  the 
Bishop  of  Canterburie  ;  who  appeared  to  him  in 
the  Tower,  since  the  Iesuites  execution.  With 
a  discourse  between  the  two  Heads  on  London 
Bridge,  the  one  being  Thomas  Bensteeds  [sic] ,  the 
other  the  late  Iesuites. 

4to.   [London]  Printed  for  F.  Coules 
in  the  Yeare  1641. 

pp.  8.    Black  Letter.    Woodcut  of  Bensted  appearing  to 
Laud  on  titlepage,  and  of  Bensted's  Execution  on  p.  0. 
Brit.  Mus.  G.  20078. 

131.  A  new  Play  Called  Canterbury  His  Change  of 
Diot.  Which  showeth  variety  of  wit  and  mirth  : 
privately  acted  neare  the  Palace-yard  at  West- 
minster. 

1  Act,  the  Bishop  of  Canterbury  having 
variety  of  dainties,  is  not  satisfied  till 
he  be  fed  with  the  tippets  of  mens 
eares. 

In  the  /  2  Act,  he  hath  his  nose  held  to  the  Grinde- 
I  stone. 

I  3  Act,  he  is  put  into  a  bird  Cage  with  the 
Confessor. 

.  4  Act,  The  Jester  tells  the  King  the  Story. 

4to.    [London]    Printed  Anno 
Domini  1641. 

11.  4.    Three  woodcuts  (one  repeated). 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  177  (8). 

[Reprinted  in  Ashbee's  occasional  Fac-simile  Re- 
prints No.  xv.] 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


209 


1641. 

182.  Canterburies  Conscience  convicted  :  Or,  His  dan- 
gerous projects,  and  evill  intents,  tending  to  the 
subversion  of  Religion  detected  :  as  also  some 
particulars  of  those  Treasons  whereof  he  is  now 
attained,  lying  prisoner  in  the  Tower  this  present. 
1 64 1.  To  the  tune  of  All  ye  that  cry,  O  hone,  O 
hone  ;  or  The  Wandring  Souldier. 

Broadside  folio,  s./.  1641. 

In  verse.      With  three  Woodcuts,  one  being  taken  from 
"  Rome  for  Canterbury  "  (No.  158.) 


133.  Canterbvries  Dreame  :  In  which  the  Apparition  of 
Cardinall  Wolsey  did  present  himselfe  unto  him  on 
the  fourtenth  of  May  last  past  :  It  being  The 
third  night  after  my  Lord  of  Strafford  had  taken 
his  fare-well  to  the  World. 

4to.  [London]  Printed  in  the  yeare 
1 64 1. 

11.  4. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Pamph.  44. 


134.  England's  Glory  in  her  Royall  King  and  Honor- 
able Assembly  in  the  High  Court  of  Parliament, 
above  her  former  Usurped  Lordly  Bishop's  Synod, 
with  a  Discourse  betwixt  Mr  John  Calvin  and  a 
Prelaticall  Bishop,  whereunto  is  added  the  Bishop 
of  Canterburies  Dreame. 

4to.  s.l.  Printed  in  the  Yeare  1641. 

11.  10. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  157  (9). 

p 


2IO 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

135.  Farewell  Myter  or,  Canterburies  Meditations. 
And  Wrenn's  Syllogismes.  Also,  The  Divels 
moane  for  the  discontent  of  his  Servants  and 
Assistants,  and  his  Epitaphs  upon  each  of  their 
Burials.  Together  with  His  Chronicles  for  their 
hereafter  Memories,  inserted  the  12.  day  of  the 
moneth  Tridemiter,  according  to  the  Infernall 
collateration.  peccandi.  An.  Dom.  mdcccxcv 
[sic]  .  .  .    By  Richard  Newrobe. 

4to.  Printed  for  William  Larnar, 
in  the  Yeare,  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  6. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  134  (33). 

13G.  Canterbvries  Pilgrimage  :  In  the  Testimony  of  an 
accused  Consjenc  [e]  For  the  Bloud  of  Mr  Burton, 
Mr  Prynne,  and  Doctor  Bastwicke.  And  the  just 
deserved  Sufferings  he  lyes  under  :  Shewing  the 
Glory  of  Reformation,  above  Prelaticale  Tyranny. 
W  herein  is  laid  open,  the  reallity  of  the  Scottish 
Nation  with  the  Kingdome  of  England. 

_Lto.  London,  for  H.  Walker.  1641. 

11.  4.    With  Woodcut. 
Brit.  Mus  E.  172  (28). 

137.  A  Canterbury  Tale,  translated  out  of  Chaucer's 
old  English,  into  our  now  vsvall  language.  Where- 
unto  is  added  the  Scots  Pedler.  Newly  enlarged 
by  A.B. 

4to.  London  .  .  .  1641. 

pp.  4.    Satirical  verses  against  Laud  and  the  Bishops. 
Biit.  Mus.  E.  168  (5).      See  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue 
No.  65. 


Laudian  Bibliography.  211 


1641. 

138.  Canterburies  Tooles  :  or,  Instruments  wherewith 
he  hath  effected  many  rare  feats,  and  egregious 
exploits,  as  is  very  well  known,  and  notoriously 
manifest  to  all  men.  Discovering  his  projects 
and  policies,  and  the  ends  and  purposes  of  the 
Prelates  in  effecting  their  facinorous  actions  and 
enterprises. 

4to.  s.I.  et  a.  [1641  ?] 
One  leaf  +  pp.  6.    With  Woodcut. 

Dated  1642  in  Bodl.  Lib.  Catalogue  [G.  Pamph.  2289  (2).] 


139.  Canterbury's  Will.  With  A  Serious  Conference 
betweene  His  Scrivener  and  Him.  Also  A  loving 
Admonition  to  his  Brethren  the  Bishops. 

4to.  [London]  Printed  in  the  yeere 
1 64 1. 

pp.  8.    Woodcut  portrait  of  Laud. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  15O  (5). 


140.  The  discontented  Conference  betwixt  the  two  great 
Associates,  William  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and 
Thomas  late  Earle  of  Strafford. 

4to.  [London]  Printed  in  the  Yeere 
1 64 1 . 

11.  2.  In  verse. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  157  (3). 

141.  The  Discontented  Conference  betwixt  the 
two  great  Associates,   Thomas  late 


P2 


212 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

Earle  of  Strafforde  and  William  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury. 

Broadside,  folio.  [  London  ] 
Printed  in  the  Yeare,  of  our 
Prelates  feare  1641. 

With  Woodcuts  of  Laud  and  Strafford  on  titlepage. 
Brit.  Mus.  Lutt.  II.  47. 

[Reprinted  in  the  Somers  Tracts  Vol.  IV.  268 
(1810)]. 

142.  A  Reasonable  Motion  In  The  behalfe  of  such  of  the 
Clergie,  As  are  now  questioned  in  Parliament  for 
their  places.  Together  with  the  Conference 
betwixt  the  two  great  Associates  W  illiam  1  aud 
Arch-bishop  of  Canterbury,  and  Thomas  late  Earle 
of  Strafford. 

4to.s./.  Printed  in  the  unfortunate 
Yeare  to  Priests  1641. 

11.  4.    Woodcuts  of  Laud  and  Strafford  on  titkpage. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Line.  C.  13.  14. 

143.  The  Deputies  Ghost;  or  An  Apparition  to  the 
Lord  of  Canterbury  in  the  Tower.  With  his 
complaint  unto  the  wall  after  the  Ghosts  departure. 
Being  an  Acrostick  Anagramme  of  his  Name. 

Broadside,  folio  [London]  Printed 
in  the  yeare  of  our  Prelates 
feare  1641. 

Woodcuts  of  Laud  ami  the  Ghost  at  the  head. 
Bodl.  Lib.    Ashm.  II.  23  (31) 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


213 


1641. 

144.  An  exact  Copy  Of  A  Letter  sent  to  William  Laud, 
late  Arch-bishop  of  Canterbury,  now  Prisoner  in 
the  Tower,  November  the  5th  1641,  at  which  his 
Lordship  taking  exceptions,  the  Author  Visited  him 
in  his  owne  person,  had  some  private  discourse 
with  him,  concerning  the  cruelty  in  which  he 
formerly  raigned  in  his  power,  the  substance 
whereof  is  truly  composed  by  the  Author  him- 
self, wherein  doth  appeare  a  Sign  of  Complying 
with  the  times  and  some  hopes  of  his  Repentance. 
[Signed  A] . 

4to.  London,  Printed  for  H.  W. 
and  T.  B.  1641. 

11  4.    Black  Letter.    Portraits  of  Laud  and  the  Author  on  the 
titlepage. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  177  (1). 

145.  A  Christian  Admonition  to  Arbp.  Laud  in  the 
Tower. 

4to.  London,  s.a.   [1641  ?] 

In  verse.    With  Portrait. 
Lowndes,  Bibl.  Manual  p.  1317. 

146.  The  Copie  of  a  Letter  sent  From  William  Lavd 
Arch  bishop  of  Canterbury  the  28  of  June  mdcxli. 
unto  the  Universitie  of  Oxford:  Specifying,  His 
Willingnesse  to  resigne  his  Chancellor-ship,  And 
withall  deploring  his  sad  estate  now  in  the  time  of 
his  Imprisonment. 

4to.     [Oxford  ?] .    Printed  in  the 
yeare,  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  2.    With  Arms  and  Ac:  Ox:  on  titlepage 
The  letter  is  printed  in  History  of  his  Chancellorship  {Works  V. 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

298  f),  in  a  slightly  different  text:  but  it  is  undoubtedly  a 
forgery,  the  work  of  some  person  who  had  seen  the  real  letter 
(No.  40.) 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  164.  (1). 

147.  [Another  Edition.] 

4to.    s.l.  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp  2.  With  portrait  of  Laud 
on  title  page  instead  of  the  Arms.  The  text  of 
the  letter  is  slightly  different  from  No.  147,  and 
from  that  in  the  History  of  his  Chancellorship. 

See  Laud's  Works,  V.  289  n. 

148.  Mercuries  Message,  or  The  Coppy  of  a  Letter  sent 
to  William  Laud  late  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
now  prisoner  in  the  Tower  .  .  . 

4to.  [London]  Printed  in  the  yeare, 
of  our  Prelates  feare  1641. 

11  4.  In  verse,  with  woodcut  portrait  of  Laud  on  titlepage. 
In  a  note  on  a  Copy  of  Mercuries  Message  Defended  in  the 
Bodleian  Library  [Bliss  r.  2614.  c] ,  the  author  is  said  to  be 
S.  W.  H.  Ireland  Junr. 

[Probably  there  are  other  editions  of  this  year.] 

149.  An  Answer  to  the  most  Envious,  Scandalous,  and 
Libellous  Pamphlet,  Entituled  Mercuries  Message. 
Or,  The  Copy  of  a  Letter  sent  to  William  Laud 
Arch  bishop  of  Canterbury  now  prisoner  in  the 
Tower. 

4to.  London  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  6.  With  curious  woodcut  portrait  of  Laud 
on  title.    Signed  Tho.  Herbert. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Wood  366  (24).  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue 
No.  65. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


215 


1641. 

150.  The  Same  [Another  Edition]. 

4to.  London  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  6.  With  woodcut  portrait  on 
back  of  titlepage,  its  place  on  titlepage  being 
taken  by  a  hand  holding  a  knife. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Bliss  1.  2614.  b. 


151.  Mercuries  Message  Defended,  Against  the  vain, 
foolish,  simple,  and  absurd  cavils  of  Thomas 
Herbert  a  ridiculous  Ballad-maker.  Wherein  his 
witless  answers  are  clearly  confuted,  himselfe  found 
guilty  of  Hypocrisie,  catcht  broaching  of  Popery, 
condemned  by  his  owne  words,  and  here  and  there 
for  his  impudent  saucinesse  jerkt  with  the  Rod  of 
Correction,  to  teach  him  more  manners  when  he 
writes  again.  By  the  Author  of  the  said  Mercuries 
Message. 

4\to.    London,  printed  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  22.     Woodcut  of  Laud  in  prison,  with 
Herbert  being  hanged  outside,  on  titlepage. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Bliss  1.  2614.  c. 


152.  A  Second  Message  to  Mr.  William  Lavd  Late 
Arch  bishop  of  Canterbury,  now  prisoner  in  the 
Tower :  In  the  behalfe  of  Mercuric  Together 
With  a  Postscript  to  the  Author  of  that  foolish 
and  ridiculous  Answer  to  Mercury. 

4to.  5./.  1641. 

11.  4.    Woodcut  portrait  of  Laud  on  titlepage. 


216  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

153.  Old  Newes  Newly  Revived:  Or,  The  discovery  of 
all  occurrences  happened  since  the  beginning  of 
the  Parliament :  As,  the  confusion  of  Patents,  the 
Deputies  Death,  Canterburies  imprisonment.  .  .  . 

4to.  s.l.  Printed  in  the  yeare  1641. 

11.  4.    Woodcut  on  titlepage  with  many  figures,  including 
Laud  and  [Judge]  Barkley  [in  the]  Lo[\ver]  Tower. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  160  (22). 

154.  A  plot  lately  discovered  for  the  taking  of  the 
Tower,  by  Negromancie,  For  the  deliverance  of 
the  Archbishop,  discovered  by  a  Mathematician 
in  Southwarke.  Who  after  some  serious  debate 
with  himself  revealed  the  Conspiracie  to  many 
eminent  men.  For  which  thirty  Papists  most 
inhumanely  beset  his  house,  and  pursued  him  as 
far  as  Lambred  upon  Trent,  where  they  most 
barberously  murdered  him  ;  some  are  taken,  & 
lie  in  hold,  to  the  mercy  of  Justice. 

4-to.    London  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  5. 
Brit.  Mus.  8122.  c. 

155.  Read  and  Wonder  :  A  Warre  betweene  two  entire 
Friends,  The  Pope  and  the  Divell. 

4to.    1 64 1. 

In  verse. 

Lowndes,  Bibl.  Manual  p.  1317. 

156.  The  Pope's  Benediction,  or  His  generall  pardon 
onely  to  be  purchased  with  money  without  penance, 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


217 


1641. 

sent  into  England  by  Ignatius  Holy-Water,  a 
Jesuit,  to  the  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury  and  to 
the  rest  of  his  subjects  there. 

4to.    London  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  6.    Two  satirical  cuts. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  158,  (15) 

157.  Romes  ABC,  being  a  short  Perambulation,  Or 
Rather  articular  Accusation  Of  a  late  tyrannicall 
Oppressour.  With  A  Petition  to  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  now  prisoner  in  the  Tower. 

4to.  s.l.  Printed  in  the  yeare  1641. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  6.    Woodcut  portrait  of  Laud. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  156  (15). 

158.  Rome  for  Canterbury:  Or  a  true  Relation  of  the 
Birth,  and  Life,  of  William  Laud,  Arch-bishop  of 
Canterbury  :  Together  with  the  whole  manner  of 
his  proceeding,  both  in  the  Star-Chamber,  High- 
commission  Court,  in  his  owne  House,  and  some 
Observations  of  him  in  the  Tower.  With  his 
carriage  at  the  sight  of  the  Deputyes  going  to  the 
place  of  Execution,  &c.  Dedicated  to  all  the 
Arminian  Tribe,  or  Canterburian  Faction,  in  the 
yeare  of  grace  1641.  Whereunto  is  added  all  the 
Articles  by  which  he  stands  charged  of  High 
Treason  .... 

4to.  si.  Printed  also  in  the  same. 
1 64 1. 


pp.  8.    The  first  six  pages  in  Black  Letter,  the  rest  (con- 


218  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1641. 

taining  the  Articles  against  Laud)  in  italics.  Woodcut  of 
Laud,  on  the  road  from  Canterbury  to  Rome. 

According  to  Hazlitt  (Handbook  p.  328)  three  editions 
were  published  in  this  year. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  208  (10). 

[Reprinted  in  Harl.  Misc.  iv.  377  (1809)] 


159.  Ruymbaen  voor  Canterberg,  ofte  Een  waerachtich 
Verhael  van  d'afkomste  ende 't  leben  van  William 
Laud,  Aerts-Bisschop  van  Canterberg  .  .  . 

4to.    s.l.    Ghedruckt   na  d'En- 
gelsche  Coppe  1641. 

11.  4.    A  translation  of  the  above. 
Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  1  (14). 


160.  Lambeth  Faire,  Wherein  you  have  all  the  Bishops 
Trinkets  set  to  sale. 

4T.0.   [London]    Pr.  Anno  Dora. 
1641. 

11.  6.  In  verse,  with  woodcut  of  the  Pope  falling  from 
S.  Teter's  Chair. 

Guildhall  Library,  London  (Catalogue  p.  504).  Brit.  Mus. 
E.  158  (21). 

161.  [The  Same.]     Another  Edition,  with  a 
different  frontispiece. 

4to.  [London]  1641. 

Hazlitt  Handbook,  p.  327. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


219 


16*2. 

1G2.  [Another  Edition.]  Lambeth  Faire  : 
W  herein  the  Bishop's  Trinkets  are 
set  to  sale. 

Broadside,  folio.    [London]  1642. 

With  woodcuts 

Bodl.  Lib.  Ashm.  H.  23.  xxix. 


1641. 

1G3.  Lambeth  Faire's  Ended,  Or  A  Description  of  the 
Bishops  Holy  Ghost  lately  set  to  sale  at  Lambeth 
Faire. 

4to.    [London]    Printed   in  the 
yeare  1641. 

one  leaf  +  pp.  6.  In  verse.  With  woodcut  on  the  titlepage. 
Guildhall  Library,  London.  M.  4.  5 


1642. 

1G4.  New  Lambeth  Fayre  Newly  Consecrated  and 
Presented  by  the  Pope  himselfe,  Cardinals,  Bi- 
shops, Jesvits,  &c.  Wherein  all  Romes  Reliques 
are  set  at  sale,  With  the  old  Fayre  corrected  and 
enlarged,  Opening  and  Vending  the  Whole  Mis- 
tery  of  Iniquity.  By  Richard  Overton.  With 
remarkable  Annotations  declaring  under  what 
Pope,  and  in  what  yeere  of  our  Lord  every  Relique 
and  Ceremonie  came  into  the  Church. 

4to.    London    Printed  by  R.  O. 
and  G.  D.  1642. 

11.  8. 


22o  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1642. 

1G5.  The  Bishops  Last  Good  Night. 

Broadside,  folio.  London  Printed 
in  the  yeer  that  ended  |  When  the 
Prelates  Protestation  against  the 
Parliament  was  vended  |  And  they 
were  sent  to  the  Tower,  as  the 
old  yeer  ended,  |  By  a  dozen  to- 
gether, |  In  frosty  weather.  Anno 
Dom.  1642.  I 

With  two  woodcuts,  one  of  Laud,  Bishops  and  citizens, 
the  other  of  the  Pope,  and  a  "Jesuit,  Fryer,  and  Papist." 
Followed  by  fourteen  verses,  the  second  being 

"  Canterbury  your  Armes  from  the  Steeple  high, 

The  stormes  have  caused  low  to  lie, 

You  know  not  how  soone  your  selfe  may  die, 

Prepare  your  selfe  Canterbury  ; 

Down  must  Canterbury. 

Brit.  Mus.  669.  f.  4  (61). 

166.  A  Copie  of  a  Letter  Written  from  his  Holinesse 
Court  at  Rome,  to  his  Grace  of  Canterburies  Palace 
now  in  the  Tower.  Deploring  his  Sequestration 
from  his  Liberty,  but  commending  him  for  his  late 
care  in  performing  his  Holinesse  desires. 

4to.  London,  Printed  1642. 

One  leaf  +  pp  4. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  133  (9). 

167.  A  Letter  Sent  from  the  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbvry 
(Now  prisoner  in  the  Tower)  To  the  Vice-Chan- 
cellor,  Doctors,  and  the  rest  of  the  Convocation  at 
Oxford,  Intimating   his  humble  desires   to  His 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


221 


1642. 

Majesty,  for  a  speedy  reconcilement  between  Him 
and  His  High  Court  of  Parliament.  Ordered  to 
be  printed, 

4to,  First  at  Oxford  by  Leonard 
Lichfield,  and  now  reprinted  at 
London  for  Edward  Vere,  s.a. 

pp.  8.  This  letter  is  a  forgery,  written  to  advance  the 
interests  of  the  Parliament  by  making  it  appear  that  Laud 
had  given  up  his  principles.  As  the  King  is  said  to  be  at 
Oxford  its  date  is  probably  late  in  1642;  but  doubtless  no 
edition  of  it  ever  appeared  in  Oxford. 

Dr.  Bliss  had  not  seen  this  edition,  but  declared  against  the 
genuineness  of  the  letter.    [Laud's  Works  VI.  596  note] . 

In  a  volume  in  the  Brit.  Museum  [E.  83]  three  tracts  are 
bound  up  together,  among  many  more  (Nos.  26-28)  :  A  De- 
claration of  His  Maiesties  Royall  Pleasvre  ;  A  Letter  sent 
from  the  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbvry  ;  and  A  Speech  Spoken 
by  His  Excellence  Prince  Rupert  They  are  all  forgeries, 
printed  at  the  same  time  and  place,  for  political  purposes.  A 
note  in  a  nearly  contemporary  handwriting,  at  the  end  of 
No.  26,  says  "These  are  Charged  upon  Coll.  Hurry"  ;  and 
they  are  dated,  in  the  same  hand,  Decemb.  27,  Decemb.  29, 
and  Decemb.  29  respectively. 


168.  The  Organs  Funerall  or  the  Quiristers  Lamenta- 
tion for  the  Abolition  of  Superstition  and  Super- 
stitious Ceremonies.  In  a  Dialogicall  Discourse 
between  a  Quirister  and  an  Organist  An.  Dom. 
1642. 

4to.    London,  Printed  for  George 
Kirby.  s.a. 

11.  4.    Chiefly  in  prose,  but  with  4  four-line  stanzas  at  the 
end,  some  referring  to  the  Archbishop. 
Hazlitt,  Handbook  p.  328. 


222 


Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


1642. 

1G9.  Qvatermayns  Conqvest  over  Canterbvries  Covrt. 
Or  A  Briefe  Declaration  of  severall  Passages 
between  him  and  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
with  other  Commissioners  of  the  High  Commission 
Court,  at  six  severall  appearances  before  them, 
and  by  them  directed  to  Doctor  Featly  ;  with  their 
severall  Conferences ;  and  the  Doctors  Reports  to 
the  Court.  As  also  his  imprisonment  ....  With 
his  appearance  before  the  Lords  of  the  Councell 
....  As  also  his  tryall  three  severall  Sessions 
....  And  lastly,  A  Prayer,  and  Thanksgiving, 
in  an  acknowledgement  of  GOD's  mercy  in  his 
Deliverance.    By  Roger  Ouartermayne. 

4to.  London,  Printed  by  Thomas 
Paine  for  Roger  Quartermayne 
1642. 

11.  8  +  pp.  39  +  4.    Portrait  of  Laud  falling,  as  in  the 
Recantation  (No.  126). 
Bodl.  Lib  1 10.  j.  77 

170.  Vox  Populi  in  Plaine  English 

Broadside,  folio  s.l.  mdcxlii.  A 
Present  for  this  New  yeare  of 
the  Prelates  feare.  Finis. 

With  verses  against  Archbishop  Laud  and  others ;  two 
woodcuts,  one  of  a  monk  and  the  devil,  the  other  of  three 
ecclesiastics.  Of  these,  one  holds  the  Bible,  the  second 
the  Service  Book,  the  third,  who  is  Archbishop  Laud,  holds 
a  book  labelled  Supersticion.  [This  woodcut  is  to  be  found 
also  in  "Triple  Episcopacie"  (1642)  and  "  The  Apprentices 
Advice  to  the  xii  Bishops"  (1642)]. 

The  title  is  taken  from  a  tract  "  Vox  Populi,  Expressed  in 
xxxv.  Motions  to  this  Present  Parliament."  s.l.  1641. 


L audio, n  B ibl iogra phy. 


223 


1643. 

171.  Een  Brief  des  Aerts-Bisschops  van  Cantelbergh, 
(regenwoordigh  gevangen  inden  Tour  van  Londen.) 
Aen  den  Vice-Cancelier,  ende  de  rest  vande  Con- 
vocatie  tot  Oxford  .  .  in  onse  Nederlandtsche 
tale  .  .  overgheset. 

4to.    Ghedruckt  t'Amsterdam  by 
Joost  Broersz  .  .  1643. 

11.  4.    A  translation  of  No.  167. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Arch.  B.  2.  200. 


172.  A  Speech  concerning  the  Bishop  of  Canterburies 
Petition  deliverd  to  the  High  Court  of  Parliament, 
February  the  22.  1642  [3] . 

4to.     [London]  1642  [3]. 


173.  An  Ordinance  of  the  Lords  and  Commons  .  .  . 
Concerning  the  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury,  who 
by  reason  of  many  great  and  weighty  businesses, 
cannot  as  yet  be  brought  to  his  Tryall. 

4to.  London  May  19.  Printed 
for  Iohn  Wright,  in  the  Old 
Bailey  1643. 

11.  2. 

Hazlitt,  Bibl.  Collections  iii.  137. 


174.  An  Ordinance  Of  The  Lords  and  Commons 
Assembled  in  Parliament.  That  all  the  Temporall 
Livings,  Dignities,  and  Ecclesiasticall  Promotions 
belonging  unto  William,  Lord  Arch-bishoppe  of 
Canterbury,  be  forthwith  Sequestered  by  and  unto 


224 


Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


1643. 

the  Parliament  ....  Die  Sabbathi,  10.  Junii, 
1643  ... 

4to.    Iune   13.     Printed  for  Iohn 
Wright  in  the  Old- Bailey.  1643. 

11.  4. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  105  (29). 

175.  The  Copy  of  the  Petition  presented  to  the  Honour- 
able Houses  of  Parliament,  by  the  Lord  Arch- 
Bishop  of  Canterbury.  .  .  .  Wherein  the  said 
Arch-Bishop  desires  that  he  may  not  be  trans- 
ported beyond  the  Seas  into  New  England  with 
Master  Peters,  in  regard  to  his  extra-ordinary  age 
&  weaknesse. 

4to.    London,  printed  for  Io.  Smith, 
neare  the  new  exchange  1642  (sic). 

11  4  Woodcut  portrait  of  Laud.  Signed,  From  the 
Tower  of  London  this  6th  of  May  1643.  Of  course  it  is  a 
forgery. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  100  (29). 

17G.  The  Copy  of  a  Letter  from  Alisburg  Directed  to 
Colonell  Hampden,  Colonell  Goodwin,  and  read 
in  Both  Houses  of  Parliament,  May  18,  1643, 
relating  how  his  Majesty  hath  sent  12  or  1400  of 
his  Forces,  under  the  Command  of  Earle  of  Cleve- 
land .  .  .  into  those  parts,  .  .  .  With  an  Ordi- 
nance concerning  the  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury. 
[By  John  Wittewrong  and  Thomas  Tyrril] . 

4to.    Printed  for  John  Wright  in 
the  Old  Bailey  1643. 

11.  4.    Black  Letter. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  102  (15) 


L  audian  B  ibl iography. 


225 


1643. 

177.  A  new  Disputation  betweene  the  two  Lordly 
Bishops,  Yorke  and  Canterbvry.  With  a  Dis- 
course of  many  passages  which  have  happened  to 
them  before  and  since  that  they  were  committed 
to  the  Tower.  .  .  .  Written  in  English  Prose  by 
L.  P.  February  the  second  1642  [3] . 

i2mo.    London    Printed    for  J. 
Wright  1642  [3] . 

11  2  +  pp.  11.  With  portraits:  that  which  does  duty  for 
"Yorke"  served  as  "Canterbvry"  in  the  "Answer  to  Mer- 
curies Message  "  (No.  149) :  it  is  likewise  printed  on  the  title- 
page  of  "A  Copy  of  the  Proceedings  of  some  worthy  and 
learned  Divines  .  .  ."  London  1641.  [Bodl.  Lib.  F'amph. 
41.  p.  135.] 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  1113  (2). 


178.  The  Life  of  William  Now  Lord  Arch-Bishop  of 
Canterbvry,  Examined.  Wherein  his  principall 
Actions,  or  Deviations  in  matters  of  Doctrine  and 
Discipline  since  he  came  to  the  sea  of  Canterbury 
are  traced,  and  set  downe,  as  they  were  taken 
from  good  hands,  by  Mr  Robert  Bayley,  a  Learned 
Pastor  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland,  and  one  of  the  late 
Commissioners  sent  from  that  nation.  Very  fitting 
for  all  judicious  men  to  reade,  and  examine,  that 
they  may  be  the  better  able  to  censure  him  for 
those  thing  (sic)  wherein  he  hath  done  amisse. 
Read  &  judge. 

4to.  London   Printed  for  N.  B. 
in  the  Yeare  of  Grace  1643. 

11.  n  +  pp.  131. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  72  (3). 

Q 


226  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1643. 

179.  The  Pope's  Nuntioes:  or,  the  Negotiation  of 
Seignior  Panzani,  Seignior  Con,  &c,  resident  here 
in  England  with  the  Queen,  and  treating  about 
the  alteration  of  Religion  with  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  in  the  years  1634,  I^35>  io3°  •  •  •  • 

4to.  London  1643. 
[Reprinted  in  Somers  Tracts  IV.  (1810)]  . 


180.  Den  Brittannischen  Morgen-wecker,  ofte  Getrouwe 
waerschouwinghe  van  Roomens  arghdist'igh  des- 
sein,  om  Engelandt  Paepsch  te  maken.  Blijckende 
uyt  de  onderhandelinge  tusschen  Seignior  Panzani 
ende  Seignior  Cunaeus  .  .  .  ende  den  Arch- 
Bisschop  van  Cantelberge  .... 

4to.  Vrystadt  [Amsterdam?]  1643. 

11  2  +  pp.  18.    A  translation  of  the  preceding 
Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  2  (22). 

1688. 

181.  [The  Same.]     Op  nieuws  herdruckt. 

4to.  Vrystadt  [Amsterdam?]  1688. 


1643. 

182.  The  English  Pope,  Or,  A  Discourse  Wherein  The 
late  mysticall  Intelligence  betwixt  the  Court  of 
England  and  the  Court  of  Rome  is  in  part  discovered. 
And  witha.ll,  An  Account  given  of  the  true  Grounds 
of  this  unnatural  and  more  than  civill  Warre. 


Laudian  Bihliogvaphy. 


227 


1643. 

Together  With  an  Epistle  to  the  Reverend  Divines 
now  convened  by  Authority  of  Parliament  .  . 

4to.    London,  Printed  for  Robert 
Bostock  .  .  1643. 

11.  2  +  pp.  36. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Th.  4°  p.  82. 

183.  Den  Enghelschen  Paus,  ofte  Een  Politijck  Dis- 
cours  :  Waer-in  De  heymelicke  Onderhandelinge, 
ende't  verborghen  Verstandt,  tusschen  het  Hof 
van  Enghelandt,  ende't  Hoff  van  Roomen,  ten 
deelen  ontdeckt  is  .  .  . 

4to.  s.l.  20™  November  1643. 

pp.  40.    A  translation  of  the  preceding.   Woodcut  portrait 
of  Laud  on  titlepage. 

Brit.  Mus.  8122,  ee.  2  (21) 

184.  Rome's  Master-Peece.  Or,  The  Grand  Con- 
spiracy of  the  Pope  and  his  Iesuited  Instruments, 
to  extirpate  the  Protestant  Religion,  re-establish 
Popery,  subvert  Lawes,  Liberties,  Peace,  Parlia- 
ments, by  kindling  Civill  War  in  Scotland,  and  all 
his  Majesties  Realmes,  and  to  poyson  the  King 
himselfe  in  case  he  comply  not  with  them  in  these 
their  execrable  designes.  Revealed  out  of  Con- 
science to  Andreas  ab  Habernfeld,  by  an  Agent 
sent  from  Rome  into  England,  by  Cardinal  Barba- 
rino,  as  an  Assistant  to  Con  the  Pope's  late 
Nuncio,  to  prosecute  this  most  Execrable  Plot, 
(in  which  he  persisted  a  principall  Actor  for 
severall  yeares)  who  discovered  it  to  Sir  William 
Boswell  his  Majesties  Agent  at  the  Hague,  6 
Septem.  1640.    He  under  an  Oath  of  Secrecie,  to 

P,2 


228  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1643. 

the  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury  (among  whose 
papers  it  was  casually  found  by  Master  Prynne, 
May,  31.  1643)  who  communicated  it  to  the  King, 
As  the  greatest  businesse  that  ever  was  put  to 
him  .... 

4to.    Printed  at  London  for  Michael 
Sparke  Senior  1643. 
One  leaf  +  pp.  36  +  1. 

A  copy  of  this  tract,  with  Archbishop  Laud's  notes,  is 
printed  by  Wharton  in  the  History  of  the  Troubles  and  Trial, 
pp.  569-606.    [Reprinted  in  Laud's  Works  IV.  463  ff] 

Bodl.  Lib.  G  Pamph.  1053(7) 

185.  Roomsch  Meester-stuck.  Ofte  De  Groote  Con- 
spiratie  van  den  Paus,  ende  sijne  Jesuijtsche  In- 
strumenten,  tot  uyt-roeyinge  van  de  Protestantsche 
Religie  

4to.  s.l.  et  a.  1643. 

pp.  38.    A  translation  of  the  preceding. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Godw.  Pamph.  1355  (5). 

1644. 

186.  Articles  of  the  Commons  assembled  in  Parliament, 
In  Maintenance  of  their  Accusation,  against  Wil- 
liam Laud  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  whereby  he 
stands  charged  with  high  Treason.  Also,  Further 
Articles  of  Impeachment  by  the  Commons  in 
Parliament,  Against  the  said  Arch-bishop  of  Can- 
terbury, of  high  Treason,  and  divers  high  Crimes 
&  Misdemeanours  .  .  . 

4to.     Jan.  19.     Printed  for  John 
W  right  in  the  Old-bailey  1643  [4] . 
One  leaf  +  pp.  14.    Black  Letter. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  29.  (15). 

[Reprinted  in  Had.  Misc.  IV.  (1809)]. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


229 


1644. 

187.  Articvlen  van't  Huys  der  Gemeente  in't  Parlement 
van  Engelandt  vergadert,  Tot  mainteneringe  van 
haer  beschuldinghe  tegens  William  Laud,  Aertz- 
Bisschop  van  Canterbury,  .  .  .  Item,  noch 
verdere  Articulen  van  beschuldinge  door't  selve 
Huys  der  Ghemeente,  teghens  de  voorsz.  Aertz- 
Bisschop  van  Canterbury.  .  .  . 

4-to.  Amsterdam,  Ghedruckt  by 
Joost  Broerz.  na  de  Copije  van 
Londen,  by  John  Wright.  Den 
13  Februarii,  1644  [N.S.] 

11.  5.    A  translation  of  the  preceding. 
Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  2  (38). 

188.  [Another  Edition.]  Artyckelen  Van't 
Huys  der  Gemente  Vergadert  in't  Par- 
lement, Tot  verantwoording  van  hare 
beschuldinge  Tegen  Willem  Lavd, 
Ertz-Bisschop  van  Canterbury,  Waer 
in  hy  aengheklaeght  wert  van't  Huys 
ger  Gemeente,  van  hoogh  verract, 
Crimen  ende  misdaden,  Naer  de  Copye 
van  Londen,  gedruckt  voor  John 
Wright  inde  olde  Bayley,  ende  nu 
voor  Jan  van  Hilten. 

4to.  s.l.  et  a. 

11.4. 

Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  1  (7). 

18IJ.  The  Bishop  of  Canterbury  His  Confession. 
Wherein  is  declared  his  constant  Resolution,  his 
Plots,  and  indeavours,  to  intraduce  Popery  into 
England,  and  to  advance  the  Roman  Catholick 
Religion.    Being  from  his  owne  hand,  sent  and 


230  Archbishop  Laud  Commemomtion. 


1644. 

directed  to  the  Popes  Holinesse.  Expressing  to 
his  Holinesse  his  sorrow  for  the  unhappy  successe, 
and  failing  of  all  his  labours  and  endeavours,  for 
the  Avancement  of  Popery. 

.fto.  London,  Printed  in  the  Yeare 
1644. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  6. 

In  the  copy  in  the  British  Museum  [E.  31  (9)]  the  date  is 
altered  in  a  contemporary  handwriting  to  1643. 

190.  A  Breviate  of  the  Life,  Of  William  Laud  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury :  Extracted  for  the  most 
part  Verbatim,  out  of  his  owne  Diary,  and  other 
Writings,  under  His  owne  Hand.  Collected  and 
published  at  the  speciall  Instance  of  sundry  Hon- 
ourable Persons,  as  a  necessary  Prologue  to  the 
History  of  His  Tryall  ;  for  which  the  Criminall 
part  of  His  Life  is  specially  reserved.  By  William 
Prynne  of  Lincolnes  Inne,  Esquier. 

folio.    London  F.  L.  for  Michael 
Sparke  Senior,  and  are  to  be 
sold  at  the  Blew-Bible  in  Green 
Arbour  1644. 
11.  iii  +  pp  35  +  9.    Plate  of  Laud's  trial. 
A  copy  of  the  Breviate,  with  Laud's  notes  (not  autograph), 
is  in  the  Warrington  Museum  and  Library.    The  notes  are 
published  in  Laud's  Works,  III.  261-272. 

101.  A  Prophecie  Of  the  Life,  Reigne,  and  Death  of 
William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  :  By  an 
Exposition  on  part  of  the  13.  and  15.  Chapters  of 
the  Revelation  of  John.  Wherein  the  summe  of 
all  his  actions  are  foretold,  his  name  nominated, 
his  correspondency  with  the  Pope,  his  cruelty  to 
the  Church,  and  the  strange  wonders  declared, 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


231 


1644. 

which  in  his  time  should  be  done  by  fire  from 
heaven  ;  and  his  Courts,  Seals,  Marks,  yea,  the 
very  Monopolies  all  clearly  foreshewed;  Also  how 
by  the  supreme  Councell  he  shalbe  put  to  death  ; 
after  which  they  shall  rejoyce,  and  obtaine  a  finall 
victory  over  the  Papists  in  Armes  against  them  .  .  . 

4to.   [London]   Printed  for  R.  A. 
1644. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  6.  With  curious  woodcut  on  titlepage, 
with  the  devil,  two  other  figures,  and  Laud,  with  horns,  and 
the  number  of  the  Beast  on  his  forehead. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  18  (8)  ;  dated  in  MS.  Nouemb.  23. 

192.  A  Spirituall  Cordial  For  my  Lord  of  Canterbury, 
Which  hath  beene  long  sicke  of  a  Consumption 
(evill  men  and  deceevers  waxing  worse  and  worse) 
made  by  a  Tenant  of  his  in  new  Prison  [i.e.  New- 
gate] .  And  now  presented  to  him,  to  see  if  it  may 
be  a  means  to  recover  him,  if  he  be  not  past  cure. 

Broadsheet,    folio.      Printed  in 
London  for  W.  S.  1644. 

Twenty  verses  of  four  lines.    Signed  at  the  end  "  Per  me, 
William  Starbuck."    With  woodcut  portrait  of  Laud. 
Bodl.  Lib.  A.  3.  18.  Art. 

1645. 

193.  Hidden  Workes  of  Darknes  Brought  to  Publike 
Light,  Or  A  Necessary  Introdvction  to  the  History 
of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbvrie's  Triall.  Dis- 
covering to  the  World  the  severall  secret  dangerous 
Plots,  Practises,  Proceedings  of  the  Pope  and  his 
Confederates,  both  at  Home  and  in  Forraigne  Parts, 
to  undermine  the  Protestant  Religion,  usher  the 
whole  Body  of  Popery  into  one  Church,  and  reduce 


232  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1645. 

all  our  Realmes  to  their  ancient  Vassalage  to  the 
Sea  of  Rome,  by  insensible  steps  and  degrees  .  .  . 
Together  with  the  true  Originals  of  the  late  Scot- 
tish Troubles,  Irish  Rebellion  and  English  civill 
Wars  :  Manifested  by  sundry  instructions,  Articles, 
Letters,  Intelligences,  Warrants,  Bulls  of  Popes, 
.  .  .  and  other  Papers,  found  among  Secretary 
Windebankes  [etc.]  Writings.  ...    By  William 

Pryhne  of  Lincolns-Inne  Esq  

Folio.  London :  Printed  by  Thomas 

Brudenell   for    Michael  Sparke 

Senior  .  .  .  1645. 

H.  iii.  +  pp.  256  +  11.  4.    Frontispiece  of  the  Trial. 

194.  The  Life  and  Death  of  William  Lawd,  late  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterburie :  Beheaded  on  Tower-Hill, 
Friday  the  10.  of  January  1644.  I.  Here  is  a  brief 
Narration  of  his  Doings  all  his  life  long  .  .  . 
II.  His  Doings  &  Sayings  being  compared  and 
weighed  together,  his  Sayings  are  found  infinitely 
too  light  ;  Yet  of  weight  sufficient  to  presse  every 
man  to  make  a  Threefold  use  from  All,  of  infinite 
concernment  to  his  eternall  soul.  By  E.  W.  who 
was  acquainted  with  his  Proceedings  in  Oxford  ; 
was  an  eye  &  eare  witnesse  of  his  Doings  and 
Sayings  in  his  Courts  here  at  London  ;  and  other 
places  under  his  dominion  .  .  . 

4to.    London,   Printed  for  John 
Hancock ;  dwelling  in  Pope's- 
head  Ally.  1645. 
11.  4  +  pp.  42.    Portrait  of  Laud. 

In  the  copy  in  the  British  Museum  [E.  26  (17)]  the  date  is 
altered  in  MS.  to  1644. 


L  audi  an  Bibliogra  fhy. 


233 


1645. 

195.  A  Briefe  Relation  of  the  Death  and  Sufferings  of 
the  Most  Reverend  and  Renowned  Prelate  the  L. 
Archbishop  of  Canterbvry:  With,  a  more  perfect 
Copy  of  his  Speech,  and  other  passages  on  the 
Scaffold,  than  hath  been  hitherto  imprinted. 

4to.  Oxford,  Printed  in  the  yeare 
r644[5]- 

One  leaf  +  pp.  30.  By  Dr.  Peter  Heylin.  Containing  the 
Speech  as  in  the  copy  delivered  by  Laud  himself  to  Dr.  Sterne. 
Nos.  42  and  44  were  doubtless  printed  from  the  same  copy. 

[Reprinted  with  additions  in  Somers  Tracts  IV. 
441-456  (1810)]. 

196.  Relation  de  la  Mort  de  l'Archevesque  de  Cantor- 
beri :  Auec  sa  Harangue  et  Oraison  suiuant  la 
coppie  imprimee. 

4to.    A  Paris,  Au  Bureau  D'ad- 
dresse  m.dc.xlv. 

pp.  15.    A  translation  of  the  preceding. 
Brit.  Mus.  11405  aaa  (2). 

197.  Relation  Memorable  de  1' Arrest  de  mort,  donne 
contre  l'Archeuesque  de  Cantorbery,  dans  la  Ville 
de  Londre. 

8vo.    A  Orleans  .  .  .  1645. 

11.  4.    Another  translation. 
Hazlitt,  Bibl.  Collections  II.  336. 

198.  An  Elegie  on  the  Most  Reverend  Father  in  God 
William  Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury  :  At- 
tatched  the  18.  of  Decemb.  1640.  Beheaded  the 
10.  of  January  1644. 

4to.   [Oxford]  .    Printed  1644  [5] . 
One  leaf  +  pp.  9.    In  verse.    Reprinted  in  the  Calendar  of 
State  Papers  (Domestic)  1644-5,  P  xxiii,  from  a  MS.  copy  in  the 


234 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1645. 

Record  Office.  The  editor  (Mr.  W.  Douglas  Hamilton) 
suggests  that  it  may  be  by  Waller,  but  for  reasons  which  are 
not  conclusive. 

The  copy  in  the  British  Museum  [E.  271  (8)]  is  dated  in  a 
contemporary  hand  "  Mar.  4  Oxon." 

199.  The  Grand  Imposter  Vnmasked,  Or  A  Detection 
of  the  notorious  hypocrasie,  and  desparate  Impiety 
of  the  late  Arch  bishop  (so  styled)  of  Canterbury, 
cunningly  couched  in  that  written  Copy,  which  he 
read  on  the  Scaffold  at  his  execution,  Jan,  10,  1644. 
Alias,  called  by  the  publisher,  his  funerall  Sermon. 
By  Henry  Burton  .  .  . 

4to.  London,  Printed  for  Giles 
Calvert  at  the  Black-spread 
Eagle,  at  the  West  end  of 
Pauls,  s.a. 

11.  2  +  pp.  20- 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  26  (4). 

200.  A  Full  and  Satisfactorie  Ansvvere  To  The  Arch- 
Bishop  of  Canterbvries  Speech,  Or,  Funerall  Sermon 
Preached  by  himselfe  on  the  Tower-Hill  ...  At 
which  time  he  was  there  and  then  Beheaded. 
Wherein  is  a  full  and  plenary  Discourse  to  satisfie 
all  those  who  have  been  startled  with  his  Subtle 
&  Jesuiticall  Falacies  and  evasions  in  the  said 
Speech.  And  other  passages  and  observations  of 
great  consequence,  to  satisfie  the  expectation  of 
the  Kingdome  therein. 

4to.  London  Printed  by  Jane 
Coe.  1645. 

PP  23. 

A  MS.  note  on  the  copy  in  the  Bodleian  Library  (Wood 
366,  xxviii)  attributes  it  to  Dr.  Burton  : — "  Henry  Burton  put 
out  another  scandalous  answer  also." 


Laudian  Bibliography, 


235 


1645. 

201.  Een  vast  ende  bondigh  Antvvoort  of  Willem 
Lauds  Aertsbisschop  van  Cantelberghs  Oratie  ofte 
Lych-predicatie  .  .  .  in't  Nederlandts  overgeset  .  . 

4to.   [Amsterdam]  1645 

11  7.    A  translation  of  the  preceding,  with  the  English  text 
of  the  Archbishop's  Speech. 
Brit.  Mus.  8122.  ee.  2  (47). 


202.  A  Briefe  Exposition,  Paraphrase,  or  Interpretation, 
upon  the  Lord  of  Canterburies  Sermon  or  Speech, 
upon  the  last  Pulpit  that  ever  he  preached,  which 
was  the  scaffold  on  Tower-hill.  Also,  upon  the 
Prayer  which  he  used  at  the  same  time  and  place 
before  his  Execution.  Written  by  William  Star- 
bucke,  Gentleman,  to  give  the  people  a  glimmering 
of  the  Bishops  hypocrisie. 

4to.  London,  Printed  for  William 
Starbuck  1645. 
11.  2  +  pp.  16     With  woodcuts. 

The  copy  in  the  British  Museum  [E.  26  (1)]  is  dated  in 
MS.  Jan.  24  [1644-5]. 


203.  Jehojadah's  Iustice  against  Mattan,  Baals  Priest  : 
or  The  Covenanters  Justice  Against  Idolaters.  A 
Sermon  [on  2  Chron.  xxiii.  16,  17J  Preacht  upon 
occasion  of  a  Speech  utter'd  upon  Tower-Hill  .  .  . 
By  J.  H.  Minister  of  the  Gospel. 

4to.  London  .  .  1645. 

11.  2  +  pp.  16. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Line.  C.  7.  15. 


204.  [Another  Edition  ?] 

4to.  s.l.  1645. 


236  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1645. 

205.  Jus  Regum :  Or,  A  Vindication  of  the  Regall 
Power  against  all  Spiritual  Authority  exercised 
under  any  Form  of  Ecclesiastical  Government.  In 
a  Brief  Discourse  occasioned  by  the  Observation 
of  some  Passages  in  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
buries last  Speech  [by  H.  Parker]  . 

4to.  London  .  .  .  R.  Bostock  1645. 

PP-  38 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  284  (4). 

200.  A  Charme  for  Canterburian  Spirits,  Which,  (since 
the  Death  of  this  Arch-Prelate,)  have  appeared  in 
sundry  shapes,  and  haunted  divers  houses  in  the 
City  of  London.  With  his  Graces  waftage  over 
the  red  sea  of  Cocitus  in  Charons  Ferry-boat ; 
And  his  magnificent  entertainment  into  the  Dae- 
moniack  Court. 

4T.0.  [London]  Printed  for  J.  C. 
February  the  14.  1645  [cor- 
rected in  MS  1644  (O.  S.)] 

pp    8.    Curious  woodcut  representing  the  "  Dacmoniack 
Court  "  on  titlepage. 
Brit.  Mus.  E.  269  (18). 

207.  The  Last  Advice  of  William  Lavd,  late  Arch- 
Bishop,  to  his  Episcopall  Brethren  ;  and  especially 
to  Bishop  Wren,  who  still  remains  Prisoner  in  the 
Tower.  Which  was  found  in  the  said  Arch- 
Bishops  Studie  since  his  death  among  his  other 
Writings,  and  now  set  forth  to  publike  view. 

4to.  London,  Printed  for  J.  B.  1645. 

pp.  8.  Woodcut  of  the  Archbishop  in  his  shroud  [which 
has  evidently  done  duty  for  somebody  else]  on  titlepage. 

The  copy  in  the  British  Museum  [E.  269  (10)]  has  the  date 
altered  in  contemporary  MS.  to  1644. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


237 


1645. 

"208.  England  and  Irelands  sad  Theater  or  William 
Laud  heretofore  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury,  his 
Trance  and  vision.  Wherein  is  Layd  open  before 
us  the  miserable  cruelties  &  vnheard  of  Tyrannies 
Caused  by  the  popish  factions.  Des  Bisschops 
van  Cantelberghs  Morgenwecker  .... 

Broadside,  folio.   5./.  et  a.  [1645.] 
In  verse,  with  title  in  English  and  Dutch,  and  curious 
woodcut. 

Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue  of  Prints  &c  Div.  I  Vol.  i  No  416 


209.  A  Collection  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Prophesies 
Concerning  these  present  Times  .  .  .  The  Na- 
tivities of  Thomas  Earle  of  Strafford  and  W.  Lavd 
Late  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  His  Majesties 
great  Favorites  .  .  .  And  the  Speech  intended  by 
the  Earle  of  Strafford  to  have  been  spoken  at  his 
death.   By  William  Lilly  Student  in  Astrologie  .  .  . 

4to.  London,  Printed  for  John 
Partridge  and  Humphrey  Blun- 
den  .  .  .  1645. 

11.  4  +  pp.  55. 

Brit.  Mus  1 104  c.  31  (6). 

210.  A  Prognostication  Vpon  W.  Lavd  late  bishop  of 
Canterbury  written  Anf>  :  Dom' :  1641  :  which 
accordingly  is  come  to  pass. 

Broadside,  folio.  Sould  at  the  black 
bull  cornhill  neare  die  Royal  Ex- 
change, s.a. 

In  verse,  with  woodcut  of  Abp.  Laud's  Execution.  A  copy 
in  the  British  Museum  [669.  f.  10  (18)]  is  dated  in  MS.  Feb: 
27.  1644-5. 

There  is  a  MS.  copy  in  the  Record  Office  [Calendar 
(Domestic)  1644-5,  p.  280J . 


238  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1645. 

211.  Four  Qveries  Resolved  For  The  Satisfaction  of 
all  men,  who  are  not  willingly  ignorant,  Touching 
the  late  Archbishop.  I.  What  his  Religion  was, 
he  so  coloured-over  at  his  Death  ?  II.  What  His 
Church  was,  he  so  bemoaned  at  that  time  ? 
III.  What  his  Confession  was  ?  IV '.  And  Prayer, 
Which  his  brethren,  in  iniquity,  do  so  approve-of 
at  this  day.  Concluded,  that  all  those  four  are  so 
many  abominations  before  the  Lord  GOD,  and  all 
good  men.    Imprimatur  James  Crauford  .... 

4to.    London,   Printed  for  John 
Hancock  .  .  .  1645. 

pp.  12. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  271  (7).    Dated  in  MS.  March  3.  1644. 

212.  Relation  of  the  Troubles  of  the  three  forraign 
Churches  in  Kent  [Canterbury,  Sandwich,  and 
Maidstone]  caused  by  the  Injunctions  of  William 
Laud,  Archb.  of  Canterbury  a.d.  1634  .  .  . 
Written  by  J.  B.,  Minister  of  the  Word  of  GOD. 

4to.  s.l.  1645. 

213.  [Another  Edition.]  A  Relation  of  the 
Troubles  Of  the  three  forraign  Churches 
in  Kent.  Caused  by  the  Injunctions 
of  William  Laud  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury. Anno  Dom.  1634  &c. 
Written  by  J.  B.  Minister  of  the 
Word  of  God  .  . 

4to.    Imprinted  at  London  for 
Sam.  Enderbie  .  .  1645. 

LI.  3  +  pp.  52. 

Bodl.  Lib.  Th.  4°  P.  82. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


239 


1645. 

214.  A  Sight  of  ye  Transactions  of  these  latter  yeares 
Kmblemized  with  engrauen  plats  which  men  may 
read  with  out  spectacles  ....  [Including  the 
Death  and  Last  Speech  of  Archbishop  Laud  &c]  . 

4to.  s.l.  et  a.  [1645] . 

pp.  29.  Emblematic  titlepage,  with  figures  of  Time,  Truth 
and  Envy.  With  many  woodcuts,  including  "  The  rising  of 
Prentices  and  Sea-men  on  Southwark  Side  to  assault  the 
Arch-bishop  of  Canterbury's  House  at  Lambeth"  and  "  Exe- 
cution of  Archbishop  Laud." 

In  the  Collection  of  C.  H.  Firth,  Esq.,  Balliol  College, 
Oxford. 


1646. 

214a.  [An  Almanac  'wherein  the  Archbishop  is  entered 
in  the  Calendar  for  a  martyr,'  by  Captain  George 
Wharton  student  in  Astronomy.] 

See  Hutton's  William  Laud,  p.  226. 


215.  Canterburies  Doome,  Or  the  First  Part  of  a 
Compleat  History  Of  The  Commitment,  Charge, 
Tryall,  Condemnation,  Execution  of  William  Lavd 
Late  Arch- Bishop  of  Canterbury.  Containing  the 
Severall  Orders,  Articles,  Proceedings  in  Parlia- 
ment against  him,  from  his  first  Accusation 
therein,  till  his  Tryall :  Together  with  the  Various 
Evidences  &  Proofs  produced  against  him  at  the 
Lords  Bar,  in  justification  of  the  first  branch  of 
the  Commons  Charge  against  him  ;    to  wit,  His 


240  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1646. 

Trayterous  Endeavours  to  Alter  &  Subvert  GOD's 
True  Religion,  by  Law  Established  among  us,  to 
introduce  &  Set  up  Popish  Superstition  and 
Idolatry  in  liew  thereof,  by  insensible  degrees;  and 
to  Reconcile  the  Church  of  England  to  the  Church 
of  Rome,  by  Sundry  Jesuiticall  Pollices,  Practises : 
with  his  Severall  Answers  to  those  Evidences, 
Proofs,  &  the  Commons  Reply  thereunto.  Wherein 
this  Arch- Prelates  manifold  Trayterous  Artifices 
to  Usher  in  Popery  by  Degrees,  are  clearly 
detected  ....  By  William  Prynne,  of  Lincoln's 
Inne,  Esquire  ;  Specially  deputed  to  this  publike 
Service,  by  the  House  of  Commons  Order  ;  Dated 
4  Martii  1644. 

Folio.  London,  John  Macock,  for 
Michael  Spark  Senior  1646. 

11  9  +  pp.  565  +  11.  7.    Woodcut  of  the  Trial,  and  por- 
traits of  Laud  and  Prynne. 


1648. 

21G.  The  Old  Malignant  in  New  Apparrell,  Discovered 
by  the  Marks  of  Malignancy  given  in  the  Decla- 
rations, Remonstrances,  Orders,  Ordinances,  Votes, 
&c.  Of  one  or  both  of  the  honorable  Houses  of 
Parliament,  and  in  their  Articles  against  Thomas 
Earl  of  Strafford,  &c,  and  against  William  Laud 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  whom  they  put  to 
Death  for  Malignancy. 

4to.    London.    Printed  for  L.  F. 
1648. 

pp.  8. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  449.  17. 


L  cmdian  Bill iography. 


241 


1649. 

217.  Engelandts  Memoriael  tot  Eeuwighe  gedachtenis. 
Verhalende  de  Proceduren  Declaratien,  Beschuld- 
igingen,  Defencien,  Vonnissen,  Laetste  Woorden, 
en  Executien  van  [Strafford] ,  De  Bisschop  van 
Cantelbury,  [King  Charles]  .... 

4to.    Amsterdam  .  .  .  1649. 

11.  46.  At  1.  9,  "  Articulen  van't  Huys  der  Ghemeente  in't 
Parlement  ...  tot  mainteneringevan  haer  beschuldinge 
tegens  W.  Laud  ..." 

Brit.  Mus.  8122.  c.  (1). 


218.  [Another  Edition]  With  Portraits. 

4to.    Amsterdam.    By  Joost 
Hartgers  .  .  .  1649. 

pp  88. 

Brit.  Mus.  8122.  aa  5. 


219.  [Another  Edition]  Vermeerdert  Enge- 
landts Memoriael  Tot  Eeuwige  ge- 
dachtenis, Verhalende  de  Proceduren 
.  .  Defencien  .  .  .  Laetste  woorden 
en  Executien,  van  De  Vice- Roy  van 
Yrlandt  .  .  .  De  Bisschop  van 
Cantelbury  .  .  .  Den  Koningh  van 
Engelandt  

4to.    Amsterdam.    By  Joost 
Hartgers  .  .  .  1649. 

pp  8.    With  excellent  portraits  of  Laud  &c. 
Brit.  Mus.  T.  2425  (48). 

R 


242 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1649. 

220.  Vollstiindiges  Englishes  Memorial  .  .  .  Erzehlende 
die  Processen,  Declarationen,  Beschuldigungen, 
Defensionen,  .  .  .  Von  [Strafford]  .  .  .  ,  Dem 
Ertzbischoff  Von  Cantelberg  .  .  .  ,  [Charles  I, 
Marquis  of  Hamilton,  E.  of  Holland,  Lord 
Capel]  .... 

4tO.     S.l.  MDCXLYIIII. 

pp.  100.   With  Portraits  &c.   A  German  version  of  No.  217. 
At  p   17,  "  Articulen  Der  Gemeinde  in  dem  Parlament,  zu 
vertheidigen  die  Beschuldigung,  gegen  William  Laud  ..." 
Brit.  Mus.  597,  d.  22  (1). 

221.  [Another  Edition.]  Sesquiseculum  Angli- 
canum  .  .  .  Dabey  .  .  .  mit 
angehenget  das  Engliindische  Memo- 
rial ....  [Strafford,  Laud,  Charles  I] 

4to.  Leipzig  .  .  .  Anno  mdcxlix. 

11  2  +  pp  90.    With  Portraits. 
Brit.  Mus  597.  d.  25. 

222.  Tragicum  Theatrum  Actorum,  &  Casuum  Tragi- 
corum  Londini  Publice  celebratorum,  Quibus 
Hiberniae  Proregi,  Egiscopo  Cantuariensi,  ac  tandem 
Regi  ipsi,  Aliisque  vita  adempta,  &  ad  Anglicanum 
Metamorphosin  via  est  aperta. 

121110.  Amstelodami,  apud  Jodo- 
cum  Jansonium  1649. 

pp.  320.  At  pp.  42-84,  "Acta  Cantuariensem  Episcopum 
attinentia,  quibus  comprehenduntur  i.  Capita  eorum,  quo- 
rum accusando  reus  est  factus.  ii.  Responsio  ejusdem  .  .  . 
iii  Auctuarium  prioribus  .  .  iv.  Orationem  Funebrem." 
Portrait  of  Laud  facing  p.  42. 

Brit.  Mus.  599.  a.  20. 


Laudian  Bibliography.  243 


1654. 

223.  Former  Ages  never  heard  of 

and 

After  Ages  will  admire. 

Or,  Politicall  Transactions  .  .  . 

4_to.  London  .  .  .  1654. 

An  enlarged  edition  of  No.  214,  continued  down  to  the 
present  year,  with  most  of  the  same  plates  (including  both  of 
those  referring  to  Abp.  Laud)  and  some  others. 

In  the  Collection  of  Lord  Northbourne. 


1657? 

224.  Questions  propounded  for  resolution  of  unlearned 
Pretenders  in  matters  of  Religion,  to  the  doctors  of 
the  prelatical  pretended  Reformed  Church  of  Eng- 
land. .  .  .  [By  John  Spenser  alias  Vincent  Hat- 
clife  S.  J.] 

Folio.    Paris  .  .  1657. 

An  answer  to  Laud's  Conference,  really  printed  in  London 
[Laud's  Works  II.  p.  [xvii] .] 
Bodl.  Lib.  Line.  C.  534. 


1658 -See  1663. 


1660. 

225.  Laudensium  Apostasia  :  Or  A  Dialogue  In  which 
is  shewen,  That  some  Divines  risen  up  in  our 
Church  since  the  greatness  of  the  late  Archbishop, 
are  in  sundry  Points  of  great  Moment,  quite  fallen 

R2 


244 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1660. 

off  from  the  Doctrine  Received  in  the  Ch.  of  Eng- 
land ....    By  Henry  Hickman  .  .  . 

4to.  London  Printed  by  D.  Max- 
well, for  Sa.  Gellebrand  .  .  . 
1660. 

U.  8  +  pp.  94. 

Bodl.  Lib.  1242.  e.  40. 

226.  A  Just  Vindication  of  the  Questioned  Part  of  the 
Reading  of  E.  Bagshaw  Esqr  in  the  Middle 
Temple  Hall,  the  24  Feb.,  1639,  upon  the  Statute 
of  25  E.  3.  called  Statutum  pro  Clero,  from  all 
scandalous  aspersions  whatsoever.  With  a  true 
narrative  of  the  cause  of  silencing  the  reader  by 
the  then  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  [By  Edward 
Bagshaw  the  Elder] . 

4to.  London  1660. 

Brit.  Mus.  E.  1019  (c). 

227.  England's  black  Tribunall.  Set  forth  in  the  Triall 
of  K.  Charles  I  At  the  pretended  Court  of  Justice 
at  Westminster  .  .  .  Also,  the  Severall  Dying 
Speeches  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  as  were 
Inhumanely  put  to  death  for  their  Loyalty  to  their 
Sovereign  Lord  the  King  from  1642.  to  1658. 
Earl  of  Strafford,  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury  .... 

8vo.  London,  Printed  for  J.  Play- 
ford  1660. 

11.  4  +  pp.  232.  At  pp.  103-114,  The  Speech  or  Sermon  of 
the  most  Reverend  Father  in  God,  William  Lord  Arch-bishop 
of  Canterbury  .... 

Many  editions  of  this  book  appeared  :  the  following  are  in 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


245 


1660. 

the  British  Museum: — Twelfth  Edition  pp  176,  i6mo  1671, 
Third  Edition  pp.  180,  Svo.  1680,  Fourth  Edition  pp.  180,  8vo. 
1703,  Fifth  Edition  pp  xxxi  +  258,  nmo.  1720,  Sixth  Edition 
pp.  xxxi  +  308,  8vo.  1737  [Abridged  Edition]  pp.  12,  8vo. 
1680  (?). 


1663? 

228.  Labyrinthvs  Cantvariensis :  Or  Doctor  Lawd's 
Labyrinth.  Beeing  an  Answer  to  the  late  Arch 
bishop  of  Canterbvries  Relation  of  a  Conference 
between  Himself  &  Mr.  Fisher,  etc.  Wherein  The 
true  grounds  of  the  Roman  Catholique  Religion 
are  asserted,  the  principall  Controuersies  betwixt 
Catholiques  &  Protestants  thoroughly  examined, 
and  the  Bishops  Meandrick  windings  throughout 
his  whole  worke  layd  open  to  publique  veiw  [sz'c] 
By  T.  C.  [Thomas  Carwell,  alias  Thorold,  S.  J.] 

Folio.  Paris.  Printed  John  Bil- 
laine  1658. 

11  5  +  pp  415  +  11  7     It  was  really  printed  in  London, 
and,  according  to  Stillingfleet,  did  not  appear  till  1663 

229.  Fair  Warning :  The  Second  Part.  Or  xx  Pro- 
phesies Concerning  the  Return  of  Popery.  By 
Archbishop  Whitgift,  Archbishop  Laud.  .  .  . 

4to.  London.  Printed  for  H. 
Marsh  at  the  Prince's  Arms  in 
Chancery-lane.  1663. 

pp.  66. 


246  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1664. 

230.  Of  the  Necessity  of  Reformation,  In,  and  before 
Luther's  Time  ;  and  what  (visibly)  hath  most 
hindred  the  Progress  of  it.  Occasioned  by  some 
late  virulent  Books,  written  by  Papists :  but 
especially,  by  that  Intituled,  Labyrinthus  Cantua- 
riensis.  .  .  .    By  Meric  Casaubon.  .  .  . 

4to.  London.  Printed  by  A  Max- 
well for  Timothy  Garthwait  .  .  . 
1664. 

11  6  +  pp.  160,  with  emblematical  frontispiece. 
Brit.  Mus.  1009.  c.  18  (2). 


1665. 

231.  A  Rational  Account  of  the  Grounds  of  Protestant 
Religion  ;  being  a  Vindication  of  the  Lord  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury's  [Laud's]  Relation  of  a 
Conference  &c  From  the  pretended  Answer  by 
T.  C.  .  .  .  By  Edward  Stillingfleet  fafterwards 
Bishop  of  Worcester]   .  .  . 

Folio.    London  1665. 

11.  11  +  pp.  654. 
1681. 

232.  [The  Same] .    Second  Edition. 

Folio.    London  1681. 


1702. 

233.  [The  Same] .    Third  Edition. 

Folio.    London  1702. 
[Reprinted  in  Vol.  IV  of  his  collected  Works  (1702), 
and  in  two  vols  8vo.  Oxford,  1844] . 


Laudian  lhblio«raf>hy.  247 

1668. 

234.  Cyprianus  Anglicus:  Or,  the  History  of  the  Life 
and  Death,  of  the  most  Reverend  &  Kenouned 
Prelate  William  By  Divine  Providence,  Lord 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Primate  of  all  England, 
&  Metropolitan,  Chancellor  of  the  Universities  of 
Oxon.  &  Dublin,  &  one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Privy 
Council  to  His  late  most  Sacred  Majesty  King 
Charles  the  First,  Second  Monarch  of  Great 
Britain.  Containing  also  The  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory of  the  Three  Kingdoms  of  England,  Scotland, 
&  Ireland  from  His  first  rising  till  His  Death.  By 
P.  Heylyn  D.D.  Chaplain  to  Charles  the  First 
and  Charles  the  Second,  Monarchs  of  Great 
Britain.  .  .  . 

Folio.  London  for  A.  Seile  mdclxviii. 

11.  2  +  pp.  547- 

1671. 

235.  [Another  Edition]  . 

Folio.    London  mdclxxi. 
It  2  +  pp.  511. 

1719. 

236.  [Another   Edition.)     In   this  edition  is 

Added,  Several  Marginal  Notes,  &  a 
Compleat  Index  to  the  Whole:  Never 
before  printed. 

Folio.    Dublin  1719. 

11  4  +  pp.  156  +  126  +  59  +  V. 


248 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1668. 

237.  Memoires  of  the  Lives,  Actions,  Sufferings  & 
Deaths  of  those  Noble,  Reverend,  and  Excellent 
Personages  That  Suffered  By  Death,  Sequestration, 
Decimation,  Or  otherwise  For  the  Protestant  Re- 
ligion, And  the  great  Principle  thereof,  Allegiance 
To  their  Soveraigne,  In  our  late  Intestine  Wars, 

From  .  .   1637  to  .  .  .   1660  By  Da. 

Lloyd  .  .  . 

Folio.  London.  Printed  for  Samuel 
Speed  .  .  by  John  Wright  .  .  John 
Symmes  .  .  .  and  James  Collins  .  . 

MDCLXVIII. 

11  7  +  pp.  708.  Portraits  of  King  Charles,  Laud,  Strafford 
and  many  more  on  titlepage.  At  pp.  225-270  "The  Life 
and  Death  of  Dr.  William  Laud,  Lord  Arch-bishop  of  Can- 
terbury." 

1677. 

238.  The    Same.      [Reissued   with    a  new 
titlepage.] 

Folio.    London  .  .  .  1677. 

1673? 

239.  A  Rational  Account  of  the  Doctrine  of  Roman- 
Catholicks  concerning  the  Ecclesiastical  Guide  in 
Controversies  of  Religion.  Reflecting  on  the  later 
writings  of  Protestants,  particularly  of  Archbishop 
Lawd  and  Dr.  Stillingfleet,  on  this  subject.  By 
R.  H.  [Abraham  Woodhead  ?]  .  .  . 

4to.  [s.l.  et  a.  ?] 
I  have  seen  no  copy  of  the  first  edition. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


249 


1673. 

240.  [The  Same]  .    Second  Edition  with  ad- 
ditions. 

4to.  s.l.  Printed  in  the  Year, 
MDCLXXIII. 

11.  15  +  pp  448. 

Brit.  Mus.  3935,  d.  26  (1). 

1698. 

241.  A  Sermon  Preach'd  in  the  Cathedral  and  Metro- 
political  Church  of  St.  Peter,  in  York  :  On  Priday 
the  Fifth  of  November  1697  •  •  •  •  By  George 
Halley  .  .  .  YVith  a  Postscript  and  Two  Letters, 
which  clearly  discover  the  Roman  Designs  against 
the  English  Church  and  Nation. 

4to.  London  ....  Tho.  Baxter  .  .  . 
1698. 

11.  3  +  pp.  26.  At  p  21  is  "A  Letter  from  Sir  William 
Boswell  to  the  most  Reverend  William  Laud,  late  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  remaining  with  Sir  Robert  Cotton's  Choice 
Papers." 


1712. 

242.  Some  Remarkable  Passages  Relating  to  Arch 
bishop  Laud,  Particularly  to  his  Affection  to  the 
Church  of  Rome.  Beeing  the  Twenty  Second 
Chapter  of  Gage's  Survey  of  the  West  Indies,  as 
'twas  Printed  in  the  Folio  Edition  before  the 
Restoration,  but  supprest  in  the  Octavo  since. 

8vo.      London,    Printed   for  S. 
Popping  at  the  black  Raven  in 
Pater-noster-Row.   1712.  Price 
Three  Pence, 
pp.  iv.  +  19.    Gage's  Survey  was  published  in  1648  and 
1655  in  folio,  and  in  1677  in  8vo. 
Bodl.  Lib.  Pamph.  304. 


25° 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1716. 

243.  Several  Tracts  By  the  Ever-memorable  Mr.  John 

Hales  of  Eaton-College  &c  To  which  is 

Added,  His  Letter  to  Archbishop  Laud,  occasion'd 
by  his  Tract  of  Schism  [i.e.  his  "  Answer  to  Lord 
Say's  Speech  touching  the  Liturgy"] 

i2mo.     [London]   Printed  in  the 
Year  m.dcc.xyi. 

pp.  228.    With  Portrait. 
Brit.  Mus.  3751.  aa. 

1721. 

244.  [The  Same.    Another  Edition]  . 

i2mo.     [London]  Printed  in  the 
Year  m.dcc.xxi. 

pp.  228.    With  Portrait. 
Brit.  Mus.  1019.  c.  23. 


1717. 

245.  The  Proceedings  in  the  Star-Chamber,  against 
Henry  Sherfield,  Esq  ;  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
Recorder  of  the  City  of  Salisbury,  for  breaking  a 
Glass  Window  in  the  Church  of  St.  Edmonds  in 
the  said  City. 

Sexto  die  Februarii,  Anno  Octavo,  Caroli  Regis 
Termino  Sancti  Hillarii,  Anno  Domini,  1632. 
Wherein  the  Authority  of  the  Bishop  of  the 
Diocese  and  the  Power  of  Vestries,  with  relation 
to  making  any  Alteration  in,  or  Repairing  of 
Churches  is  consider'd. 

8vo.  London  :  Printed  for,  and 
Sold  by  S.  Noble  in  Long- 
Walk,  near  Christ's-Hospital  : 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


tin. 

And  T.  Corbett  at  the  Corner 
of    Ludgate-Hill,    near  Fleet 
Bridge,    mdccxvii.    Price  One 
Shilling, 
pp  So.    With  Laud's  Speech. 

Durham  Univ.  Library  (Routh  Collection)  xlviii    E.  7 
No.  2 


1718. 

216.  Hugo  Grotius  De  Veritate  Religionis  Christians 
Editio  adcuratior  .  .  .  quam  secundum  recensuit, 
notulisque  illustravit  Joannes  Clericus  .  .  . 

8vo.    Amstelaedami  cioioccxviii. 

11.  8  4-  pp.  368.  At  p.  364  a  letter  to  Laud  from  Lord 
Scudamore,  on  Grotius's  love  for  Laud. 

"  Sane,  Domine,  persuasum  mihi  est  eum  ex  animo  &  vehe- 
menter  amare  &  revereri  te  &  rationem  qua.  te  geris." 


mi. 

247.  [Another  Edition] . 

8vo.  Hagae-Comitis  .  .  .  cioioccxxiv. 
11.  7  +  pp.  384. 

1719. 

248.  Reformed  Devotions  Being  A  Collection  of  The 
best  Hymns,  Prayers,  and  other  Spiritual  Exercises, 
for  all  occasions,  composed  By  Divines  of  the 
Church  of  England  And  Foreign  Ascetics  Laud, 
Featley,  Duppa  [etc] .  The  Whole  Corrected,  and 
Improv'd  by  Joseph  Wasse  .  .  . 

8vo.    Oxford  .  .  .  1719. 

11  10  4-  pp.  444 
Brit.  Mus.  3456.  g.  36. 


252  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1722. 

249.  Episcopal  Traytors :  Or,  Priests  aukward  Politi- 
cians. Exemplify'd,  In  the  Behaviour  of  the 
Political  Prelacy  ;  More  particularly  of  The 
Attempts  of  Archbishop  Laud  and  his  Equivocal 
Exit.  Occasion'd,  By  the  Commitment  of  the 
Bishop  of  Rochester  [Atterbury]  to  the  Tower  for 
High  Treason  on  Friday,  August  24,  1722.  With 
Some  Account,  and  Carracter  of  that  Prelate. 
Collected  from  the  best  historians  ;  by  a  friend  of 
the  author  of  Cataline,  &c, 

8vo.  London  Printed  for  A.  Moore, 
near  St.  Paul's  mdccxxii. 

one  leaf  +  pp  36.      See  Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue 
No.  82. 

Brit.  Mus.  698,  g.  37. 


1728. 

250.  A  Letter  To  Mr.  Archdeacon  Eachard  :  Wherein 
are  some  Remarks  on  the  Stuart's  Family  and 
Archbishop  Laud  ...  By  a  Country  Layman. 

8vo.    London  Printed  for  R.  F. 

MDCCXXVIII. 

PP  64. 

Brit.  Mus.  9505.  bbb. 


1729. 

251.  The  Difficulties  and  Discouragements  Which 
attend  the  Study  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Way  of 
Private  Judgment  ;  Represented  in  a  Letter  to  a 
Young  Clergyman.  By  a  Presbyter  of  the  Church 
of   England    [Francis   Hare,  afterwards  Bp.  of 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


253 


1729. 

Chichester]  .  gth  Edition.  There  is  added  in 
this  Edition,  corrected  from  the  original,  A  Letter 
Written  by  the  Reverend  Mr.  John  Hales  of  Eaton 
to  Arch-Bishop  Laud,  upon  occasion  of  his  Tract 
concerning  Schism. 

8vo.  London  mdccxxix. 

The  letter  begins  "  May  it  please  your  grace  :  Whereas 
of  late  an  abortive  Discourse  &c." 

1735. 

252.  The  Same.    10th  Edition. 

8vo.  London  1735. 
[Reprinted  1768,  1769,  1823,  1839,  1840,  and  1866.] 

1740. 

253.  New  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Poetical  Works  of 
Mr.  John  Milton  :  With  An  Examination  of 
Miltons  stile  By  Francis  Peck,  M.A.  .  .  . 

4to.  London  Printed  m,dcc,xl. 

11.  6  +  pp.  437  &c. 

At  pp  429-437  "  The  Parallel,  or  Archbishop  Laud  and 
Cardinal  Wolsey,  compared;  A  Vision:  By  Milton. 
London  Printed  mdccxl."    (See  No.  127.) 

1748. 

254.  A  Supplement  to  some  Tracts  formerly  published, 
viz.  :  A  Defence  of  the  Brief  Account  of  Calvin's 
causing  Servetus  to  be  burned  ;  .  .  .  A  brief 
account  of  Archbishop  Laud's  cruel  treatment  of 
Dr.  Leighton  ;  .  .  .  .    By  G.  Benson  D.D. 

8vo.  London  1748. 


254 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1748. 

255.  A  Collection  of  Tracts:    i.  A  Dissertation  on 

2  Thess.  ii.  1-12  ix.    A  brief  account 

of  Archbishop  Laud's  cruel  treatment  of  Dr. 
Leighton.    x.    An  Essay  .   .  .  ;  and  a  general 

preface.    By  George  Benson  D.D  

8vo.    London  1748. 

1749. 

25G.  The  True  Church  of  England-Man's  Companion 
...  or,  a  complete  Manual  of  Private  Devotions 
.  .  .  Collected  from  the  Writings  of  Archbishop 
Laud  [etc] . 

8vo.    London  1749. 

1819. 

257.  Another  Edition. 

i2mo.    London  1819. 

1829. 

258.  The  Life  and  Times  of  William  Laud,  D.D.  Lord 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  By  John  Parker 
Lawson  M.A.  ...  In  Two  Volumes. 

8vo.  London  .  .  .  mdcccxxix. 

Vol.  i.  pp.  xxix  +  592.  Portrait. 
Vol.  ii.  pp.  xi.  +  546  +  Index  11.  5. 

259.  The  British  Critic,  Quarterly  Theological  Review 
and  Ecclesiastical  Record.    Vol.  vi. 

8vo.  London  .  .  Rivington  .  .  1829. 

Art.  vii.    The  Life  and  Times  of  William  Laud  ...  By 
T.  P,  Lawson.   pp.  412-468. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


255 


1836. 

2G0.  The  Life  of  Archbishop  Laud.   By  Charles  Webb 
Le  Bas  M.A. 

8vo.  London  .  .  .  1836. 
pp.  392.    Portrait.    [Vol.  xiii  of  the  Theological  Library  ] 


261.  The  British  Critic,  Quarterly  Theological  Review, 
and  Ecclesiastical  Record.    Volume  xix. 

8vo.  London  .  .  Rivington  .  .  1836. 

Art.  vi   On  Le  Bas'  Life  of  Archbishop  Laud.  pp.  354-380. 


1841. 

262.  Original  Letters,  and  other  Documents,  relating 
to  the  Benefactions  of  William  Laud,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  to  the  County  of  Berks.  Edited 
by  John  Bruce  Esq.  F.S.A. 

sm.  4to.  London,  Printed  for  the 
Berkshire    Ashmolean  Society 

MDCCCXLI. 

pp.  xix  +  74.    Seal  of  Archbishop  Laud  on  frontispiece 


1842. 

2G3.  Archbishop  Laud  more  than  half  a  Papist  :  or, 
Laudism  (after  the  lapse  of  two  centuries)  revived 
under  the  appellation  of  Puseyism.  By  the  Rev. 
Reginald  Rabett  M.A.  .  .  . 

8vo.  London  mdcccxlii. 

One  leaf  +  pp.  vii.  +  20. 


256  Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


1842. 

264.  The  New  York  Review.    Vol.  x. 

8vo.  New  York  1842. 
pp.  257-293  Life  and  Character  of  Archbishop  Laud. 


1845. 

2G5.  The   Christian   Remembrancer  Vol  IX.    Part  I 
(January). 

8vo.    London  1845. 
pp.  201  f.    Archbishop  Laud.    By.  J.  B.  Mozley  D.D. 


1878. 

26G.  Essays  Historical  and  Theological.  By 
J.  B.  Mozley  D.D.  Late  Canon  of 
Christ  Church  and  Regius  Professor 
of  Divinity  in  the  University  of  Ox- 
ford.   2  Vols. 

8vo.    London,  Rivingtons  1878. 

pp.  106-228  Archbishop  Laud.   [Reprinted  from 
the  Christian  Remembrancer,  Vol.  IX.  (No.  265)]. 


1884. 

267.  [The  Same.]     Second  Edition. 

8vo.    London,  Rivingtons  1884. 


1855. 

268.  The  Life  of  William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, and  Martyr.  By  the  Rev.  John  Baines, 
M.A.  .  . 

i2tno.    London  mdccclv. 

pp.  ix  +  274. 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


257 


1858  &c. 

2G9.  Catalogi  Codicum  Manuscriptorum  Bibliotheca; 
Bodleianse  Pars  Secunda  Codices  Latinos  et  Mis- 
cellaneos  Laudianos  complectens.  Confecit  H  .  . 
O.  Coxe  .  . 

Oxonii  e  typographeo  Academico 
1858-1885. 

pp.  534  +  Index  29. 


1864. 

270.  The   Life  of  Archbishop  Laud.     By  John  N. 
Norton,  Rector  of  Ascension  Church,  Frankfort, 

Ky  

8vo.    Boston  [U.S.A.] .  1864. 
pp.  269.    With  Portrait. 


1869. 

271.  Church  Association  Lectures  1869,  delivered  at 
St.  James'  Hall,  London.  Revised  by  the  Authors. 
With  an  Introduction  by  the  Chairman,  J.  C.  Col- 
quhoun. 

8vo.    London  1869. 

pp.  xii  +  175.    On  pp.  138-175,  Archbishop  Laud  and  hi 
Times.    By  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Ryle  M  A. 


1895. 

272.  Archbishop  Laud  and  his  Times.  By 
the  Lord  Bishop  of  Liverpool.  [New 
Edition]  Revised  and  Corrected. 

8vo.    London  1895. 

pp.  47. 

s 


Archbishop  Land  Commemoration. 


1870. 

273.  Papers  on  the  Doctrine  of  the  English  Church 
concerning  the  Eucharistic  Presence.  By  an 
English  Presbyter. 

Supplement  No.  II,  pp.  44-66  "On  the  'Real 
Presence'  of  the  Laudian  Theology."  A  Post- 
script to  Questions  Suggested  by  the  Judgment  .  . 
by  Sir  Robert  Phillimore  in  the  case  of  the  Office 
of  the  Judge  promoted  by  Sheppard  v.  Bennett. 

8vo.    London,  Wm.  Macintosh  1870. 

[The  postscript  also  appeared  separately,  price  sixpence  : 
8vo.    London  1870]. 


274.  Historical  Gleanings.  A  Series  of  Sketches. 
Wiklif.  Laud.  Wilkes.  Home  Tooke.  By  James 
E.  Thorold  Rogers.    Second  Series. 


Wo.    London  1870. 


pp.  vii  +  247.    William  Laud,  pp.  65-127. 


1871. 


275.  The  American  Quarterly  Church  Review.  Vol. 
xxiii. 

8vo.    New  York  1871. 
The  Life  and  Trial  of  Archbishop  Laud,  pp.  237-252. 


1872. 

276.  The    U  nion    Review.    A  Magazine  of  Catholic 
Literature  and  Art.    January  to  December  1872. 

8vo.    London,  J.  T.  Hayes  .  .  . 
Art.  xix.    Archbishop  Laud,  pp.  393-421. 


Laud  in  n  B  ill  iogra phy. 


259 


1875. 

'277.  Lives  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  by  Walter 
Farquhar  Hook  D.D.  ...    12  Vols. 

8vo.    London  1860-76. 
Vol  xi.  [1875]  p  393.    William  Laud. 


1879. 

278.  The  Home  Library.  Great  English  Churchmen  : 
or,  Famous  Names  in  English  Church  History 
and  Literature.  A  Series  of  Biographical  Sketches, 
intended  to  illustrate  the  Annals,  Character, 
Teaching,  and  Influence  of  the  Church  of  England. 
By  W.  H.  Davenport  Adams. 

8vo.    London  &  New  York,  1879. 

pp.  444     William  Laud,  pp.  209-262. 


1882. 

279.  Jubilee  Lectures:  A  Historical  Series  delivered 
on  the  occasion  of  The  Jubilee  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Union  of  England  and  Wales,  with  an 
Introductory  Chapter.    2  Vols. 

8vo.    London  mdccclxxxii. 

Vol  i.  pp.  57-137-    Laud  and  the  Puritans.    By  Henry 
Allon  D.D. 


1883. 

280.  Pro  Ecclesia  Dei.  Laud  and  Tait.  An  Ecclesi- 
astical Study  and  Review.  By  A  Churchman  of 
the  Diocese  of  Canterbury. 

8vo.    London  1883. 

PP-  37- 

S2 


26o 


1887. 

281.  William  Laud  sometime  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury. A  Study.  By  Arthur  Christopher  Benson, 
B.A.  ... 

8vo.    London  1887. 
pp.  xiv  4-  228.    With  Portrait. 

1890. 

282.  William  Laud,  of  Reading,  sometime  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury  and  Chief  Minister  of  Charles  I.  A 
Lecture  Delivered  to  the  Reading  Literary  & 
Scientific  Society,  April  1890.  By  H.  M.  Wallis. 
Now  printed  by  Request. 

8vo.    Reading  1890. 
pp.  27.    With  two  Heliotype  Portraits. 

1894. 

283.  A  Life  of  Archbishop  Laud.  By  "  A  Romish 
Recusant." 

8vo.    London.    Kegan  Paul,  1894. 

pp.  xxiii  +  490.    With  portrait  from  "  The  Recantation  of 
the  Prelate  of  Canterbury  "  (No.  126.) 

284.  Waymarks  in  Church  History.  By  William 
Bright  D.D.  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
Regius  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History. 

8vo.    London.    Longmans,  1894. 

pp.  323-354  on  Archbishop  Laud: — "An  expansion  of  an 
article  in  the  Neii'hery  House  Magazine,  May,  1892." 

285.  Archbishop  Laud's  Prayer  Book.  Notes  on  the 
Bibliography  of  the  Booke  of  Common  Prayer  and 
Administration   of   the  Sacraments.    And  other 


Laudian  Dibliograph  v. 


1894. 

Parts  of  Divine  Service  for  the  Use  of  the  Church 
of  Scotland  :  Edinburgh  1637.  By  Bishop  Dowden 
[of  Edinburgh] . 

The  Edinburgh  Bibliographical  Society,  Session 
1893-94  No.  V. 

4to.    Edinburgh  [1894]  • 
pp.  8.    One  facsimile.    (See  Nos.  76  and  77.) 


286.  Life  and  Times  of  William  Laud  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury.  By  C.  H.  Simpkinson,  M.A.,  .  .  .  . 
With  Portrait. 

8vo.    London.    Murray  1894. 

pp.  viii  +  307. 


1895. 

287.  William    Laud.     By    William  Holden  Hutton, 
B.D.,  ....    With  a  Portrait. 

8vo.    London.    Methuen  1895. 

pp.  xi  -f  240. 

This  and  Mr.  Simpkinson's  Life  are  reviewed  by  Dr.  S.  R. 
Gardiner  in  the  English  Historical  Review  for  April  1895 
(Vol.  X.  p.  372  f.) 


288.  Monthly  Intelligencer  of  the  Birmingham  Christian 
Evidence  and  Protestant  Laymen's  Association. 
February  1895.  [Consisting  of  a  lecture  on  Arch- 
bishop Laud  by  Mr.  T.  H.  Aston] . 

8vo.    Birmingham  .  .  .  1895. 
Wrapper  and  pp.  9-16.    Reprinted  also  in  pamphlet  form. 

289.  The  Church  Quarterly  Review,  Vol.  XL. 

8vo.    London  1895. 
pp.  63-85.  (April)  Archbishop  Laud,  Part  I 
pp.  257-282.  (July)  Archbishop  Laud,  Part  II 


262  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


APPENDIX  I. 

Satirical  Prints,  &c. 

[It  is  thought  well  to  include  here  such  prints  of  Archbishop 
Laud  as  have  a  literary  or  political  interest.  Ordinary 
engraved  portraits  are  not  included ;  nor  are  a  large  number  of 
satirical  prints  contained  in  many  of  the  books  of  this  list.] 

1895. 

290.  An  Engraving  of  Archbishop  Laud  firing  a 
Cannon,  which  bursts  in  the  middle.  Near  the 
Archbishop  stand  some  of  the  Bishops,  &c.  By 
Hollar.    8J  x  4$. 

Dec.  16,  1640. 

In  reference  to  the  "Canons  and  Constitutions  Ecclesiastical." 
Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue  of  Prints  and  Drawings,  Division  I. 
vol.  1.  No.  148. 

291.  William  Laud  Arch-B.  of  Canterbury  :  Prymat 
of  England.  [A  portrait  of  Abp.  Laud  in  prison] 
W  [illiam]  M  [arshall] ,  sculp  : 

2\  x  2|  [1641] . 

Used  as  frontispiece  to  "The  Argument  of  Nicholas 
Fvller  ...  in  the  Case  of  Tho.  Lad  and  Rich.  Mansell  his 
Clients"  4to.  1641  [Brit.  Mus.  E.  156  (19)];  and  reprinted  on 
the  titlepage  of  "  Bishop  Wrens  Petition  to  the  Parliament  .  .  . 
4to.  London  .  .  1642"  [Brit.  Mus.  E.  131  (32)]. 

British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Prints  and  Drawings  Div.  I. 
Vol.  1.  No.  173. 

292.  Portraits  of  Archbishop  Laud  and  Mr.  Henry 
Burton  :  Laud  stands  in  front  and  vomits  books  ; 


Laudian  Bibliography. 


263 


1895 

on  the  ground  are  more  books,  inscribed  "  Tobaco," 
"  Canons  and  Constitutions,"  "  Sundai  NoSabath," 
"  An  Order  Of  Star  Chamber."  Mr.  Henry  Burton 
is  supporting  the  Archbishop's  head.  Above  is 
written 

"  Great  was  surnamed  Gregorie  of  Rome, 
Our  Little  by  Gregorie  comes  short  home." 

Gregorie,  otherwise  Richard  Brandon,  being  the 
hangman. 

61  x  10  [1645] . 

British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Prints  &c.  Div.  I.  Vol.  i. 
No.  412. 

293.  Portrait  of  Archbishop  Laud,  speaking.  With 
inscription  "  Gull  :  Quondam  Arch  :  Cant  : 
W[illiam]  Marshall]  Sculp." 

2f  x  3f  [1645]. 

Two  editions  of  this  portrait  were  issued 

Brit.  Mus.  Catalogue  of  Prints  &c.  Div.  I.  Vol.  i.  No.  412. 

294.  The  right  Reverend  Father  in  God  Francis 
Atterbury,  D.D.  Ld  Bishop  of  Rochester  and 
Dean  of  Westminster  .  .  Printed  for,  and  sold 
by  Eman.  Bowen  .  .  London.  [Bishop  Atter- 
bury in  a  Window  of  the  Tower,  behind  prison 
bars,  holding  a  portrait  of  "  William  Laud,  Arch 
Bishop  of  Canterbury  Suffer'd  martyrdom  Janu. 
10.  1644"] 

11x8  [1722]  . 
Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue  No.  82. 


264  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


APPENDIX  II. 

BOOKS  DEDICATED   TO  ARCHBISHOP  LAUD. 

( This  list  is  probably  far  from  complete,  but  no  more  have  been 
found  hitherto.] 

1624. 

295.  The  New  Art  of  Lying,  Covered  by  Iesvites  vnder 
the  Vaile  of  Eqvivocation,  Discovered  and  Dis- 
proved By  Henry  Mason. 

4to.  London  :  Printed  by  George 
Purslowe  for  Iohn  Clarke  .  . 
1624. 

11  26  -f-  pp.  106.  The  dedication,  to  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  begins  "The  first  newes  that  I  heard  of  the 
Equiuocating  Arte,  was  that  which  I  learned  out  of  your 
Graces  writings.  And  well  might  this  be  to  me  the  first  newes. 
For,  if  I  mistake  not,  you  were  the  first  Writer,  that  published 
those  trickes  in  print  to  the  World."  This  would  seem  to 
refer  to  Laud's  Third  Conference.  But  Laud  was  not  Arch- 
bishop in  1624 ;  and  the  book  was  certainly  first  published 
then,  as  it  occurs  in  the  Register  of  the  Stationers'  Company 
on  Jan.  18,  1623-4  [Arber,  Transcript  TV.  73].  Yet  the 
dedication  must  refer  to  him  rather  than  to  Archbishop 
Abbott,  as  it  is  repeated  in  the  Edition  of  1634  [post).  The 
probability,  therefore,  is  that  the  Dedication  (together  with 
some  other  matter)  was  only  issued  with  the  latter  part  of 
this  edition.  At  the  same  time,  I  have  seen  no  copy 
without  it. 

Brit.  Mus.  3938.  aaa.  54. 

1634. 

296.  [The  Same.    Another  Edition]  . 

121110.    London,  Printed  for  John 
Clark  .  .  1634. 
11.  26  +  pp.  347  +  one  leaf. 
Brit.  Mus.  852.  c.  1. 


LaudiarHQBibliogvaphy. 


265 


1634. 

297.  Marcvs  Aurelivs  Antoninvs  The  Roman  Emperor, 
His  Meditations  Concerning  Himselfe  Treating  of 
a  Naturall  Mans  happinesse  ;  Wherein  it  consisteth 
and  of  the  means  to  attaine  unto  it.  Translated 
ovt  of  the  Originall  Greeke ;  with  Notes :  By 
Meric  Casavbon. 

8vo.     London.     Printed  by  M. 
Flesher  for  Richard  Mynne  .  .  . 

M  DC  XXXIV. 

11.  5  +  pp.  210  of  Text  +  pp.  46  of  Notes. 
Brit.  Mus.  C.  45.  e.  2.    This  copy  is  profusely  annotated 
in  the  handwriting  of  Meric  Casaubon. 


1636 

298.  [Greek  Title.]  Theophylacti  Archiepiscopi  Bul- 
garia; in  D.  Pauli  Epistolas  Commentarii :  Studio 
&  Cura  Reverendissimi  Patris,  Domini  Augustini 
Lindselli,  Episcopi  Herefordensis  .  .  . 

Folio.    Londini,  E  Typographeo 
Regio  m.dc xxxvi. 

11.  3  +  pp.  1041. 
Brit.  Mus.  9.  d.  9. 


1638. 

299.  [Greek  Title] .  Liber  Precvm  Pvblicarvm  Ac 
Celebrationis  Sacramentorum  reliquorumq ; 
Rituum  &  Caeremoniarum  in  Ecclesia  nostra 
Anglican;!,  in  Studiosae  juventutis  gratiam  nunc 


266  Aychbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


1638. 

primum  graece  editus.  Opera  &  Studio  Eliae  Petili 
[Petley]  Presbyteri. 

8vo.    Londini  Typis  Tho.  Cotes' 
pro    Ricardo   Whitakero    .  . 

MDCXXXVIII. 

Brit.  Mus.  6S3.  c.  13. 


1639. 

300.  Fabulae    Pontificae    Evangelical   Veritatis  radiis 
dissipatae.    Autore  Martino  Wescombe  .  .  . 

i2mo.     Oxoniae,  Excudebat  L. 
Lichfield  m.dc.xxxix. 

11.  15  +  pp.  85. 

Brit.  Mus.  1225.  a.  16. 


301.  Grounds  of  Grammar  Penned  and  Pvblished.  By 
Iohn  Bird  Schoolemaster  in  the  Citty  of  Glo- 
cester  .  .  . 

i2mo.  Oxford,  Printed  by  Leon. 
Lichfield  Printer  to  the  Vni- 
versity.  m.dc.xxxix. 

11.  4  +  pp.  184. 


1641. 

302.  [The  Same.    With  another  Titlepage] . 

i2mo.  Oxford,  Printed  by  L. 
Lichfield,  for  Humphery  (sic) 
Mosley,  at  the  Princes  Amies 
in   St.    Paul's  Churchyard. 

M.DC.XXXXI. 
11.  4  +  pp.  184. 


L  audian  Bibliography. 


267 


1640. 

803.  Grammatices  Latinse  Compendivm,  Anno  1637 
E  Grammaticis  turn  veteribus,  turn  neotericis, 
summa  judicii  lima  nobilitates,  excerptum,  &  in 
unum  corpus  methodo  accuratiore  &  faciliore 
redactum,  &  ad  tenellae  a:tatis  captum,  confor- 
matum  ....     [By  Thomas  Hayne] . 

121110.     Londini,  Excusum  typis 
Ed.  Griffini  .  .  1640. 

11.  6  +  pp.  144. 

Brit.  Mus.  12934.  a-  J4-  This  copy  does  not  contain  the 
Dedication  to  Archbishop  Laud  ;  but  I  insert  the  book  on  the 
authority  of  Hazlitt,  Bibliographical  Collections  and  Notes  III. 
107. 


304.  Psalterium  Davidis  Latino-Saxonicum  vetus.  A 
Johanne  Spelmanno  D.  Hen.  fil.  editum.  E 
vetustissimo  exemplari  MS  in  Bibliotheca 
ipsius  Henrici,  &  cum  tribus  aliis  non  multo 
minus  vetustis  collatum  .  . 

8vo.     Londini,   Excudebat  R 
Badger  .  .  .  1640. 

Brit.  Mus.  1008  b.  6. 


[Vossius  had  proposed  to  dedicate  his  book  on  idolatry 
(De  Idolatria  Gentili)  to  Laud,  but  desisted  on  account 
of  the  troubles  of  1641. — Vossii  Epistolcr  (1690)  p.  377  b.] 


268  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Additional  Note. 

There  are  Biographies  of  Archbishop  Laud  in 
the  Biographia  Britannica,  Lodge's  Portraits,  Lives  of 
Eminent  and  Illustrious  Englishmen  (Vol.  iii.  pp.  103-111, 
1S36),  Rose's  Biographical  Dictionary,  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography  (Vol.  xxxii,  pp.  185-194,  by  Dr.  S.  R. 
Gardiner),  &c.  &c. 

S.  John's  College  Oxford  was  at  one  time  collecting 
materials  for  a  biography  of  Laud.  See  Clarendon  Papers 
Vol.  II.  328  (1772).  Sir  E.  Hyde  to  Dr.  Steward: — 
"  The  College  does  well  to  recollect  his  life  ;  I  pray 
God  they  proceed  in  it,  or  do  anything  else  worthy  the 
memory  of  that  man."  They  may  have  ceased  owing 
to  the  publication  of  Heylin's  work. 

Sancroft  first  planned  the  publication  of  Laud's 
Diary,  when  he  was  Dean  of  S.  Paul's,  at  the  instigation 
of  Archbishop  Sheldon  ;  and  he  continued  working  at 
it  after  his  retirement  to  Fresingfield.  Judging  from 
the  extent  of  his  MS.  collections,  he  would  seem  to 
have  projected  a  new  life  of  Laud  also  ;  but  of  this 
there  is  no  proof.  The  former  plan  was  carried  out 
after  his  death  by  his  chaplain,  Henry  Wharton  (see 
No.  66) ;  the  latter,  if  made,  was  never  carried  out. 

See  also  the  following  : — 

Notes  and  Queries — 

Series  1.  Vols.  iii.  pp.  158,  199,  224;  iv.  87; 
v.  179,  314. 

Series  2.  Vols.  i.  119,  456;  iii.  425  ;  vii.  252; 
viii.  309,  389,  437,  540;  ix.  419;  x.  no,  495; 
xi.  386. 

Series  3.  Vols.  ii.  342  ;  iii.  3  ;  v.  1  ;  vii.  146. 
Series  8.  Vol.  ii.  522. 


2f)CJ 


Histovical  MSS.  Commission  Reports — 

Vol.   IV.  pp.   124-148.      Archbishop  Laud's 
Visitations. 
&c.  &c. 

Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature — 

Vol.  II.  p.  205  f.  (1834).  A  Paper  by  Arch- 
deacon Todd  on  Laud's  services  to  General 
Literature. 

European  Magazine — ■ 

September  1792.  Some  curious  facts  with 
regard  to  the  fee  given  by  Archbishop  Laud  to 
John  Heme,  one  of  his  Counsel  in  his  Trial, 
contained  in  a  letter  from  Heme's  grandson  (dated 
1701). 
&c.  &c. 


WRITINGS    OF   ARCHBISHOP  LAUD 


HITHERTO   UNPUBLISHED  OR   BUT  LITTLE  KNOWN. 


A.  — The  Instrument  of  resignation  of  the  Chancellorship  of 

Oxford  University. 

B.  —  Verses  on  Various  Occasions. 


[The  Instrument  of  Resignation  has  never  been  published 
before:  the  Verses  were  published  in  1612  and  161  J,  and 
have,  apparently,  never  been  reprinted.] 


A.— THE  RESIGNATION  OF  THE  CHANCEL- 
LORSHIP OF  OXFORD  UNIVERSITY. 

[Wood  MS.  C.  53.] 

In  Dei  Nomine  Amen.  Coram  vobis  Testibus 
fidedignis  hie  praesentibus,  Ego  Gulielmus  Providentia 
Divina  Cantuariensis  Archiepiscopus,  totius  Anglian 
Primas  et  Metropolitanus  ac  Cancellarius  Academiae  sive 
Vniuersitatis  Oxoniensis,  volens  et  affectans  ex  certis 
Justis  et  legitimus  causis  me  et  animam  meam  ad  id 
moventibus  ab  onere,  Officio  et  munere  dicti  Cancellaria- 
tus  exui  penitus  et  exonerari  dictum  Cancellariatum 
sive  munus  et  Officium  Cancellariatus  Academiae  sive 
Vniuersitatis  Oxoniensis  praedictas  Procancellario,  Ma- 
gistris  et  scholaribus  Academiae  sive  Vniuersitatis 
praedictae  seu  alij  personas  sive  alijs  personis  quibuscunque 
hanc  meam  renunciacionem  et  resignacionem  admittendi 
potestatem  habentibus  seu  habituris,  non  vi  vel  metu 
coactus  nec  dolo  malo  ad  hoc  inductus  aut  aliqua  alia 
sinistra  machinacione  circumventus  sed  ex  mera  mea  et 
certa  scientia  meroque  motu  et  spontanea  voluntate  pure, 
sponte,  simpliciter  et  absolute  resigno  ac  renuncio  ac  re 
et  verbo  vacantem  dimitto,  Jurique  Titulo  et  possessioni 
meis  in  Cancellariatu  praedicto  praehabitis  et  mihi  com- 
petentibus  renuncio  ac  ab  eisdem  cum  suis  Juribus  et 
pertinentijs  vniuersis  totaliter  et  expresse  recedo  in  hijs 
scriptis.     In  Cuius  rei  Testimonium  sigillum  meum 

T 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


praesentibus  apposui.  Datum  apud  Turrim  Londonien- 
sem  Vicesimo  secundo  die  Mensis  Junij  Anno  domini 
Millesimo  sexcentesimo  quadragesimo  primo. 

[Signed]  W.  Cant. 

[The  following  endorsements  are  in  different  hands.] 

(1)  Resignacio  Cancellariatus  Vniuersitatis  Oxoniensis  per 
Gulielmum  Archiepiscopum  Cantuariensem. 

(2)  Archbishopp  of  Canterbury  his  Resignacion  of  his  Chancellor- 
ship of  the  Vniversity  of  Oxon,  1641. 

(3)  This  instrument  was  read,  inscribed,  sealed  and  deliuered  as 
his  acte  &  deede  in  the  presance  of  vs  whose  names  are 
hervnder  written  by  the  within  named  most  reuerend  father 
William,  lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 

WILLIAM  MERICKE 

THOMAS  .  .  .  ERS  (?)*  senior  notary  publique. 
WALTER  DOBSON  notary  publique 
EDWARD  LATHAM  notary  publique 

(4)  Given  to  me  by  Robert  Whorwood  of  Oxon  Gent.  29  Feb. 
1679.  A.  WOOD. 


*  Name  indistinct. 


Writings  of  Archbishop  Laud. 


275 


B.— LATIN    VERSES    WRITTEN    BY  LAUD 
WHILE  AT  OXFORD. 

I.    In  Memory  of  Henry  Prince  of  Wales. 
[In  Justa  Oxoniensinm. — See  Bibliography  No.  1.] 

Henricus  fulcrum  Patris,  Patriaeq  :  columna, 

Relligionis  honor,  Nobilitatis  Amor. 
Lumen  amicorum,  Magnae  spes  altera  Troia, 

Mundi  Sol  oriens,  occidit  ante  diem. 
Si  quid  in  humanis  certum,  dum  viueret  ille 

Anglica  terra  satis  tuta,  potensq  :  satis. 
At  iam  quassa  tremit,  quasi  Fundamenta  laborent, 

(Nam  Fundamentum  Regia  progenies) 
Ducite  quin  pompam,  sed  quid  iam  Pompa  valebit  ? 

Hoc  funus  planctus  &  lachrymae  celebrent. 
Et  quonian  meruit  longam  traducere  vitam, 

Det  vitam  sere  posteritatis  Amor. 

Sunt  splendor  Orbis,  Insulae  Brittanicae 
Britanniarum  splendor  est  haec  Anglia  ; 
Iacobus,  ille  est  Angliae  splendor  suae. 

Henricus,  vnus  ille,  (dum  vixit)  simul 
Virtute,  Meritis,  Fama,  adornauit  sua, 
Iacobum  &  Angliam,  Insulasq  Britannicas. 

Quin  ergo  possunt  raptum,  (&  ad  superos)  pie 
Non  flere,  Natum,  Principem,  summus  Decus, 
Iacobvs,  Anglia,  Insulae  Brittannicae  ? 

Gvliel.   Lavd,   Doct.    Theol.    Col.    D.  lohan. 
Bapt.  Prceses. 

T2 


276 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


II.    In  Memory  of  Sir  Thomas  Bodley. 
In  Ivsta  Funebria,  p.  6. 

Si  sint  vivaces  hominum  monumenta  libelli, 
Nomine  si  dignos  Musa  perire  vetet : 

Quam  fame  (Bodleie)  tue  monumenta  supersunt 
Plurima  ?  quamq  ;  tibi  est  debita  longa  dies  ! 

Nec  justum  reor,  vt  Mors,  quae  tamen  omnibus  vna 

Dicitur,  aequali  sit  tibi  lege  data. 
Ergo  Mortalis  quod  vitae  Fata  negarunt, 

Concedet  serae  Posteritatis  Amor. 
Et  nova  consurgens  olim  testabitur  aetas, 

Quam  dignus  fueris  non  potuisse  mori. 

Gvliel.   Lavd.    Sac.    Theol.    Doct.   et  Coll. 
Iohan.  Prases. 


Writings  of  Archbishop  Laud. 


277 


III.  In  honour  of  the  Marriage  of  Princess 
Elizabeth  of  England  with  the  Count  Pala- 
tine Frederick. 


In  Epithalamia,  leaf  7  b. 


Non  homo,  non  gentes,  non  sepavct  vlla  Potestas, 

Quos  voluit  vnire  Deus. 
At  quos  Nobilitas,  Pietas  quos  junxit,  &  aetas, 

Hos  voluit  vnire  Deus. 
Nobile  Par,  Mundo  sub  fausto  sydere  Natum, 

Ad  hoc  beandum  saeculum. 
Vivite  faelices,  numerosa  prole  Beati : 

Amore  constantes  Pio. 
Vxorem  Thamesis  celebret,  Rhenusq  Maritvm  ; 

Vtrumq  ;  Posteritas  colat. 


Gvliel.    Lavd   Sacrce    Theol.    D.  Coll. 
loan.  Prceses. 


Hrcbbisbop  Xaub  Commemoration,  1895 

— * — 

CATALOGUE 

OF  THE 

Exhibition  of  Laudian  Relics 

and  other  Objects  of  Interest. 

Held  in  the  Schoolroom  over  the  Porch  of  the 
Parish  Church  of  Allhallows  Barking,  E.C. 

January  10-31,  1895. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


281 


PATRON. 

The  President  of  S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

COMMITTEE. 

The  Lord  Bishop  of  S.  David's. 

The  Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford. 

The  Lord  Bishop  of  Peterborough. 

The  Rev.  W.  Bright,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Professor 
of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 

The  Rev.  G.  F.  Browne,  B.D.,  Canon  of  S.  Paul's. 

The  Rev.  A.  J.  Mason,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Allhallows  Barking,  E.C. 

The  Rev.  R.  W.  Dixon,  Hon.  Canon  of  Carlisle. 
The  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton,  B.D.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  S.  John's 
College,  Oxford. 

The  Rev.  C.  H.  Simpkinson,  Rector  of  Farnham. 

The  Rev.  J.  L.  Fish,  Rector  of  S.  Margaret  Pattens,  E.C. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Newcastle. 

D.  S.  Margoliouth,  Esq.,  Laudian  Professor  of  Arabic  in  the 
University  of  Oxford. 

H.  O.  Wakeman,  Esq,.,  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College,  Oxford. 

A.  C.  Benson,  Esq.,  Assistant  Master  of  Eton  College. 

The  Rev.  W.  E.  Collins,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History 
at  King's  College,  London  (Secrelary). 


282  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


JTHE  MEMBERS  of  the  Laud  Commemoration 
Committee  desire  most  heartily  to  thank  all  those 
who  have  so  generously  placed  their  treasures  at  their 
disposal,  thus  giving  to  the  Exhibition  the  interest  which 
must  attach  to  a  collection  of  objects  of  such  unique 
historical  and  intrinsic  value. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue.  283 


INDEX    OF  EXHIBITORS. 


No.  in  Catalogue 

Her  Majesty  The  Queen    21 

His  Grace  The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 

6,  ii,  12,  22,  23,  24,  25,  46,  53 

Allhallows  Barking  E.C.,  Vicar  and  Churchwardens  of,    31,  32 

Barton,  J.  M.,  Esq.    66 

Belgrave,  Rev.  C.  W   100 

Blackburn,  Bewicke,  Esq   29 

Bond,  H.  C,  Esq.   39,  95 

Breun,  Mr.  H.  A.  J   44,  80,  82 

Canterbury,  Dean  and  Chapter  of      ...       ...       ...       ...  33 

Collins,  Rev.  Professor   49,  58,  59,  63,  64,  92 

Cooper,  Mrs.  Davis        ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  74 

Crowther.  Rev.  W.        ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  102 

Curties,  Rev.  T.  Arthur   7,  43,  51,  78,  79,  98 

Daniell,  Mr.  \V.  V., 

19,  42,  55,  57,  81,  83,  85,  86,  88,  89,  91,  93,  96,  108,  109-112 

Dimsdale,  Alderman  Sir  Joseph  C   17,  18,  53 

Dobree,  Rev.  J.  B.    101 

Driver,  Rev.  Professor    ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  73 

Edinburgh,  The  Lord  Bishop  of         ...       ...       ...       ...  47,  48 

Evans,  N.,  Esq.     ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  75 

Field,  Rev.  E.      ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  14 

Fielding,  H.  Johnes,  Esq.    30 

Flood,  Rev.  Samuel        ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  103 


Garrett,  Mrs. 
Gray,  Rev.  J.  B. 


106 
104 


284 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration . 


Hawkins,  Miss    50 

Hill,  Mr.  E   94 

Holy  Trinity  Knightsbridge,  Vicar  and  Churchwardens  of,  1 
Hutton,  Rev.  W.  H.,  B.D   15,  34,  40,  62,  97 

Jackson,  Rev.  F.  C.        ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  107 

Johnson,  Miss       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  41 

Kenworthy,  Rev.  J.  W.  ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  37 

Livingstone,  Rev.  R.  G.    2 

Margoliouth,  Professor  ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  36,  45 

Mason,  Rev.  Dr   56,  76,  117,  118 

Northbourne,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord   67 

Pembroke  College  Cambridge,  Master  of  ...       ...       ...  2b,  87 

Pembroke  College  Cambridge,  Master  and  Fellows  of  ...  za 
Penny,  Rev.  C.  W   38 

Richards,  H.  C,  Esq   gg 

St.  Cuthbert's  Kensington  [Teale  Library]         ...       ...  28 

St.  David's,  The  Lord  Bishop  of        ...       ...       ...       ...  105 

St.  John's  College  Cambridge,  Master  and  Fellows  uf  ...  10,  70 
St.  John's  College  Oxford,  President  and  Fellows  of, 

3,  4,  8,  9,  20,  26,  27,  35,  68,  77 
St.  John's  College  Oxford,  President  of  ...       ...       ...  34 

St.  Paul's,  Dean  and  Chapter  of        ...       ...       ...       ...  13,  go 

Sion  College,  President  and  Fellows  of  16,  54,  60,  61,  65,  69 

Sparrow-Simpson,  Rev.  Dr.      ...       ...       ...  34,  52,  53,  113-115 

Stevens,  Rev.  H.  W.  P.  ...       ...       ...    116 

Vinon,  Rev.  F.  A.  H   84 

Westminster,  Dean  and  Chapter  of    ...       ...       ...       ...  72 

Whitmore-Jones,  Miss    ...       ...       ...       ...       ...       ...  5 

Worcester,  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of    71 


hatidian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


CATALOGUE  OF  EXHIBITS. 


.—  Personal  Objects  belonging  to,  or  connected 
with,  the  Archbishop. 

Chalice  given  to  the  Church  of  Holy  Trinity, 
Knightsbridge,  by  Laud  when  Bishop  of  London. 
Silver-gilt,  with  inscription,  "  Sanctre  et  Individual 
Trinitati  "  on  the  bowl  ;  and  "  The  guift  of  the 
right  Hon1,1-  and  right  reverent  Father  in  God 
Will"1  Lord  Bishop  of  London  "  or;  the  foot. 

There  was  an  ancient  hospital  at  Knightsbridge  with  a  chapel, 
to  which  the  inhabitants  of  the  village  of  Knightsbridge  used  to 
resort  for  Divine  Service.  In  1629,  the  chapel  being  ruinous, 
they  petitioned  Laud,  then  Bishop  of  London,  for  leave  to 
rebuild  it.  This  was  granted,  and  (subject  to  the  rights  of  the 
parishes  of  S.  Martin-in-the-Fields,  S.  Margaret  Westminster, 
and  Kensington),  they  were  allowed  to  have  the  services  of  a 
licensed  curate.  It  was  under  those  circumstances,  doubtless, 
that  the  chalice  was  given. 

Lent  by  the  Vicar  and  Churchwardens  of 
Holy  Trinity,  Knightsbridge. 

Bishop  Launcelot  Andrewes'  Devotions  in  Greek, 
being  the  copy  given  by  him  to  Laud.  In  An- 
drewes' own  handwriting ;  perhaps  the  copy 
described  by  Drake  as  "  happy  in  the  glorious 
deformity  thereof,  being  slubbered  with  his  pious 
hands,  and  watered  with  his  penitential  tears." 

186  pages  ;  size,  5x3;  bound  in  white  vellum,  and  fastened 
with  green  silk  ribbons.  With  inscription  on  the  front  cover  in 
Laud's  writing  (almost  obliterated),  "  My  reverend  Friend 
Bishop  Andrewes  gave  me  this  Booke  a  little  before  his  death. 
W:  Bath,  et  Wellen." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  R.  G.  Livingstone 


286  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


2a.  Another  MS.  of  Bishop  Andrewes'  Devotions,  in 
the  handwriting  of  his  secretary,  Samuel  Wright. 
Given  by  Wright  to  Richard  Drake,  Fellow  of 
Pembroke  College,  Cambridge. 

168  pages,  preceded  by  6  blank.  6^x3^;  bound  in  brown 
calf.  With  an  inscription  on  the  second  blank  page,  "  Amicis- 
sinws  metis  Samuel  Wright  Lancelot  Wintoniensi  Epo  olim  a  Ckartis, 
nunc  autem  Matthaeo  Eliensi  a  Registris,  pretiosum  hoc  Ke1u.1nX.10v 
siui  manu  accurate  description  dono  Jcdit  mihj. — Ricardo  Drake." 

Lent  by  the  Master  and  Fellows  of  Pembroke 
College,  Cambridge. 


2b.  A  Manual  of  the  Private  Devotions  and  Medita- 
tions of  The  Right  Reverend  Father  in  God, 
Lancelot  Andrews,  late  Lord  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester. Translated  out  of  a  fair  Greek  MS. 
of  his  amanuensis.  By  R.  D[rake],  B.D. 
London,  Printed  by  W.D.,  for  Humphrey  Mose- 
ley,  at  the  Prince's  Arms  in  S.  Paul's  Church-yard, 
MDCXLVIII. 

The  first  complete  edition  in  English.    321  pages.  4JX2J, 
original  brown  calf. 

Lent  by  the  Master  of  Pembroke  College,  Cambridge. 


3.    Red    Skull-cap,  worn   by  the  Archbishop  at  his 
execution,  January  10,  1645. 

It  is  much  worn  on  one  side,  and  elsewhere  pieces  have  been 
snipped  off, — doubtless  to  be  kept  as  relics. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford, 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


287 


i.    Walking-stick,  which  belonged  to  Archbishop  Laud. 

Of  ebony,  with  ivory  head  and  long  iron  ferule.  The  case 
containing  it  bears  the  inscription  — "  Hoc  baculo  dextrans 
subeunte  |  Gressus  suos  firmavit  |  Gulielmus  Laud  |  Archie- 
piscopus  Cantuar.  |  idemque  hujus  collegii  Benefactor  |  insignis, 
cum  ad  mortem  |  immeritam  ductus  esset.  |  Praesidenti  et 
sociis  I  Coll.  Divi  Johannis  Baptistas  |  d.d.  |  Gul.  Aubrey 
Phelp,  A.M.  I  Ecclesiae  de  Stanwell  |  in  Com.  Middlesex 
Vicarius.  |  A.D.  MDCCCXV." 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

5.  Chair,  which  once  belonged  to  Archbishop  Laud, 

formerly  in  the  possession  of  S.  John's  College, 
Oxford. 

Carved  in  oak,  somewhat  mutilated  and  repaired,  and  up- 
holstered in  crimson  figured  velvet. 

Lent  by  Miss  Whitmore-Jones. 

6.  The  Shell  of  Archbishop  Laud's  Tortoise.  When 

found  in  a  lumber  room  some  years  ago,  there 
was  a  label  pasted  upon  the  shell  which  stated 
that  the  tortoise  was  put  into  the  garden  at 
Lambeth  in  1633,  where  it  remained  till  the  year 
1753,  when  it  was  unfortunately  killed  by  the 
negligence  of  the  gardener.  Since  then  it  has  been 
preserved  in  the  Muniment  Room  at  Lambeth. 

There  were  two  other  old  labels  with  the  shell,  to  much  the 
same  effect  :  and  it  is  mentioned  also  in  "  Experimental  Researches 
on  the  Light  and  Luminous  matter  of  the  Gloiu-xaorm ,  and  the  Tor- 
pidity of  the  Tortoise,  &-c."  by  John  Murray,  F.S.A.,  F.L.S. 
(Glasgow,  1826),  p.  168. 

There  is  a  memorandum  on  the  history  of  this  Tortoise,  dated 
May  16,  1889,  by  Prof.  Sir  W.  H.  Flower,  in  Lambeth  Palace  Li- 
brary.  After  examining  the  evidence  of  the  labels  and  Murray's 


88  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 

Experimental  Researches,  he  comes  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
tortoise  was  probably  "  placed  by  Laud  in  the  garden  at 
Fulham,  when  he  went  there  in  1628,  removed  by  him  to  Lam- 
beth in  1G33,  and  died  through  the  gardener's  carelessness  either 
in  1730  or  1753.  The  animal  is  the  common  Land  Tortoise 
of  North  Africa  and  Asia  Minor,  so  frequently  brought  to  this 
country,  Testudo  grceca  of  most  authors,  T.  ibera,  Pallas,  of  the 
recently  issued  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Chelonians." 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 


Bookcase  Doors,  formerly  belonging  to  Archbishop 
Laud,  of  oak  and  gilded  metal,  carved  in  handsome 
open-work  panels  containing  Laud's  Arms,  the 
same  impaled  with  the  Arms  of  Canterbury, 
his  crest,  the  Episcopal  mitre,  &c  Formerly  in 
the  possession  of  S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  T.  Arthur  Curties. 


B.— Autograph  Manuscripts. 

8.  "  The  Diary  of  the  Most  Reverend  Father  in  God, 
William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury." 
The  original  MS.,  a  long,  narrow  volume, 
closely  written. 

It  was  this  "  little  book  or  diary,  containing  all  the  occur- 
rences of  my  life,"  which  was  carried  off  by  Prynne  when  he 
searched  the  Archbishop's  chamber  in  the  Tower  for  papers. 
And  from  this,  with  much  garbling  and  mutilation,  Prynne 
prepared  his  Brcviate. 

The  narrowness  of  the  inner  margin  proves  that  the  Diary- 
has  been  rebound  since  it  was  first  written. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


289 


"  The  History  of  the  Troubles  and  Tryal  of 
"William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury." 
The  original  MS.,  a  small  folio  volume. 

Written  by  the  Archbishop  during  his  imprisonment  in  the 
Tower. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 


10.  The  Coronation  Service  of  King  Charles  I.  Laud's 
own  copy,  used  by  him  as  Master  of  the  Cere- 
monies, or  "Vice-Dean  of  Westminster,"  in  the 
place  of  Williams,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  the 
Dean  of  Westminster.  Partly  in  Laud's  hand- 
writing, with  added  notes  by  Sancroft,  Thomas 
Baker  and  others.  MS.L.  12,  S.John's  College 
Library.  119  pages  numbered,  and  many 
blank  ;  5§  x  3^,  bound  in  old  brown  calf  gilt, 
gilt  edges.  Written  in  black,  with  rubrics  in 
red  and  titles  in  gold.  Largely  annotated  by 
Laud  (his  autograph  as  Bishop  of  S.  David's 
occurs  on  page  52). 

Formerly  in  possession  of  Bishop  Dolben,  of  Rochester 
(afterwards  Archbishop  of  York) ;  then  it  belonged  to  Sancroft, 
by  whom  it  was  left  to  Bishop  Floyd,  of  Norwich,  who  gave  it 
to  Thomas  Baker,  in  trust  for  S.  John's  College. 

Lent  by  the  Master  and  Fellows  of 
S.John's  College,  Cambridge. 


11.  A  Collection  of  Papers  and  Letters  formerly  be- 
longing to  Abp.  Laud  ;  many  of  them  written 
by  his  own  hand  and  most  of  them  endorsed 
by  him.    Together  with  some  papers  of  Arch- 

v 


2go 


bishops  Sheldon  and  Sancroft,  and  many  of 
Mr.  Chillingworth.  Bound  in  one  volume  and 
lettered  Cod.  Miscel.  943.  Lambeth  Palace 
Library. 

MS  note  on  first  page  "This  MSS  was  happily  recovered  by 
Abp.  Herring  from  Mrs.  Ibbott  Widow  of  Dr  Ibbott  formerly 
Librarian  at  Lambeth.  This  MS  it  seems  with  some  money 
and  papers  was  in  a  Box  which  Abp.  Tenison  directed  hisExecu- 
tors  to  burn  without  opening  ;  but  the  Box  bursting  in  the  fire, 
the  money  and  this  Book  which  they  supposed  was  forgot  by 
the  Abp.  was  taken  out  and  preserved.  Abp.  Herring  made 
Mrs  Ibbott  a  present  of  five  guineas  for  this  book."  And  in  a 
later  hand  "  This  information  I  received  from  the  RevJ  Mr 
Henry  Hall,  Librarian  to  Abp.  Herring,  my  immediate  prede- 
cessor in  that  Office.  And  :  Coltee  Ducarel.  Lambeth  Librarian 
Oct  15.  1757." 

A  most  interesting  collection,  containing  autograph  papers  of 
King  Charles  I.,  Abps.  Abbott,  Laud,  Juxon,  Mountain, 
Williams,  Sheldon,  Sancroft,  Bishops  Wren  and  Montague, 
Clarendon,  Noye,  Bastwick,  and  others.  Among  them  are  the 
Earl  of  Devonshire's  Apology  on  his  Marriage  to  James  I., 
Charles  I.'s  letter  missive  for  the  translation  of  Laud  to 
Canterbury,  Laud's  transcript  of  some  notes  written  in  his 
Prayer  Book  by  Bishop  Andrewes,  and  Laud's  Accounts  of  his 
Province  to  Charles  I.,  with  the  King's  notes  in  the  margin. 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 


12.  A  Volume  of  Original  Letters  between  Archbishop 
Laud  and  Bishop  Williams  of  Lincoln,  num- 
bered 1030.    Lambeth  Palace  Library. 

All  Bishop  Williams'  letters  are  endorsed  in  Laud's  own  hand. 

Preceded  by  a  jiote  from  Mr.  John  Chamberlain  to  Abp. 
Tenison,  give  an  account  of  his  receiving  these  letters  from 
Mr.  Petyt,  Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the  Tower. 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


13.  The  Sixth  Accompt  of  Robert  Bateman:  Esquire 

Chamberlein  of  the  Citty  of  London  for  the  mony 
received  and  paid  for  repaireing  of  y?  Cathedrall 
Church  of  S*  Paul  in  London  :  for  one  whole 
yeare  viz4  from  Michas  Anno  Dom.  1636  :  unto 
Mich'18  Anno  Dom.  1637  : 

Parchment  leaves  17^x12!;  bound  in  vellum.  With  the 
autograph  signatures  of  (among  others)  Laud  and  Juxon.  See 
Nos.  113-115. 

Lent  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  S.  Paul's. 

14.  Warrant  of  the  Privy  Council  to  the  High  Sheriff 

of  the  County  of  Rutland  for  the  Collection  of 
Ship-Money,  dated  Whitehall,  November  9th, 
1638,  with  fourteen  Autograph  Signatures,  in- 
cluding Archbishop  Laud,  Bishop  Juxon,  Sir 
Thomas  Coventry  Lord  Keeper,  the  Earls  of 
Lindsey,  Arundell,  and  Manchester,  &c. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  E.  Field. 

15.  Letter  of  Archbishop  Laud,  with  Autograph  Signa- 

ture, to  the  City  of  Edinburgh. 

This  letter,  which  was  unknown  to  the  Editors  of  Laud's 
works,  was  published  in  the  English  Historical  Revieiv,  October 
1892. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton. 

16.  Letter  of  Archbishop  Laud  (in  Latin)  to  Hugo 

Menard,  with  Autograph  (?)  Signature  ;  con- 
cerning   the    Epistle    of   Bavnabas.  (Laud's 
Works,  vi.  568.) 
Arc.  v.  11.  Sion  College  Library.    In  a  volume  with  19  other 

letters,   &c,   including  one  in    the    handwriting   of  Lord 

Chancellor  Bacon. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
Sion  College. 

V2 


292  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


17.  Holograph  Letter  of  Archbishop   Laud   to  the 

Countess  of  Leicester,  endorsed  by  the  Earl 
"Lord  of  Canterbury  to  my  wife,  18th  Nou., 
1636."    (Laud's  Works,  vii.  297.) 

Lent  by  Alderman  Sir  Joseph  C.  Dimsdale. 

18.  Holograph  Letter  of  William  Juxon,  Bishop  of 

London,  afterwards  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

Lent  by  Alderman  Sir  Joseph  C.  Dimsdale. 


19.    Holograph    Warrant    of    Wr.    Juxon    as  Lord 
Treasurer. 

"  Sr  Robert  Pye.  These  are  to  pray  you  to  cause  payment 
to  be  made  unto  the  Lady  Young,  and  Mr.  Weymis,  of  half  a 
yeares  Pay  of  their  severall  Pencions.  And  for  soe  doing  this 
shal  be  y  Warranty.  — Guil :  London." 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


C. — Specimen  Books  which  belonged  to  Archbishop 

Laud. 

20.  Little  Gidding  Book.  A  Harmony  (or  Concord- 
ance) of  the  Moral  and  Ceremonial  Law,  dated 
1640.  Large  folio.  Formed  of  cuttings  from 
Bibles,  &c,  carefully  arranged  and  mounted. 
Profusely  illustrated,  and  bound  in  purple 
velvet,  stamped  in  gold. 

See  the  Lives  of  Nicholas  Fenar  [ed.  Prof.  Mayor]  for  an 


Landian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


293 


account  of  the  community  of  Little  Gidding,  which  was  under 
Laud's  sanction,  and  for  the  visit  of  the  Ferrars  to  him. 

A  list  of  the  known  Little  Gidding  Books  is  given  in  Nicholas 
Ferrar,  edited  by  T.  T.  Carter,  chap.  viii.  This  volume  is 
numbered  XI. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 


A  Relation  of  the  Conference  between  William 
Lawd,  Then,  Lnl  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  Now 
Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury :  and  Mr 
Fisher  the  Jesuite,  by  the  Command  of  King 
James  of  ever  Blessed  Memorie.  By  the  sayd 
Most  Reverend  Father  in  God,  William, 
Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury.  London, 
MDCXXXIX. 

The  First  Edition  ;  very  large  paper;  with  Laud's  Autograph 
Notes,  and  his  Arms  on  cover. 

"  I  do  remember,  that  being  Chaplain  to  the  Honourable  Sir 
Lionel  Tolmach,  Baronet,  about  the  year  1666,  I  heard  him 
relate  .  .  .  how  that  in  his  younger  days  he  was  at  Rome,  and 
well  acquainted  with  a  certain  Abbot ;  which  Abbot  asked  him, 
Whether  he  had  heard  any  news  from  England  ?  He  answered, 
No.  The  Abbot  replied,  I  will  tell  you  then  some  ;  Archbishop 
Laud  is  beheaded.  Sir  Lionel  answered,  You  are  sorry  for  that, 
I  presume.  The  Abbot  replied  again,  that  they  had  more  cause 
to  rejoice,  that  the  greatest  enemy  of  the  Church  of  Rome  in 
England  was  cut  off,  and  the  greatest  Champion  of  the  Church 
of  England  silenced ;  or  words  to  that  purpose.  In  witness 
whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand,  this  28th  day  of 
September,  1694.  Jona.  Whiston,  Vicar  of  Bethersden  in 
Kent." 

"  His  own  book  against  the  Jesuit  will  be  his  lasting  epi- 
taph."— Sir  Edward  Dering. 

Lent  by  Her  Majesty  The  Queen. 


294  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


22.    Virgilii  Evangelissantis  Christiados.      Libb.  xiii. 
8vo.  1638. 

With  the  Archbishop's  Arms  on  cover. 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 


23.    Hippocratis,  Aphorismi  (Graece,  Latine).  8vo. 
1609. 

With  the  Archbishop's  arms  on  the  cover,  his  Autograph 
Signature,  William  Laud,  on  the  title  page,  and  Autograph 
Notes. 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 


2%.    Gospels  of  the  four  Evangelists  in  Saxon,  out  of 
Latin.    4to.    1 571 . 

With  the  Archbishop's  Arms  on  the  cover,  his  Autograph 
Signature,  G.  Cant.,  on  the  title  page,  and  Autograph  Notes. 
Fly-leaf  has  "  Archbishop  Laud,  owner  of  this  book." 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 


25.    The  Statutes  (X  Anno  Caroli  Regis).    4to.  1636. 
With  the  Archbishop's  Arms  on  both  covers. 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 


26.    Junius  de  Pictura  Veterum.    4to.  Amstelaedami 
MDCXXXVII.    Bound  in  crimson  velvet. 

With  the  Archbishop's  arms  on  both  covers  and  inscription 
(possibly  Autograph).  Given  by  him  to  the  College  on  June  28, 
1639,  as  we  learn  from  the  Postscript  to  Letter  ccccxxxi.  [Works, 
vii.  582.] 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


2g5 


27.  Theatri  Geographic  Veteris.    Folio.  Amstelodami 

1618. 

With  the  Archbishop's  Arms  on  both  covers. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

28.  Book  of  Common  Prayer.     Black  Letter.  4-to. 

1633.    Bound  in  old  calf. 

With  the  Archbishop's  arms  on  both  covers. 

Lent  by  the  Teale  Library,  S.  Cuthbert's 
Kensington. 


D. — Other  Objects  of  Interest. 

29.  Shirt  of  King  Charles  I.     One  of  two  worn  upon 

the  Scaffold. 

"  He  then  appointed  what  Cloaths  he  would  wear.  '  Let  me 
have  a  Shirt  on  more  than  ordinary,'  said  the  King,  'by  reason  the 
season  is  so  sharp  as  probably  may  make  me  shake,  which  some 
Observers  will  imagine  proceeds  from  Fear.  I  would  have  no  such 
Imputation.  I  fear  not  Death  !  Death  is  not  terrible  to  me  !  I  bless 
my  God  I  am  prepared.'  " — Herbert's  Memoirs. 

Lent  by  Bewicke  Blackburn,  Esy. 

30.  Bowl  or  Caudle  Cup,  said  to  have  been  used  for 

the  last  Communion  of  King  Charles  I.  Of 
mother-of-pearl  without  and  silver-gilt  within  ; 
with  silver  handles. 

The  chalice  used  on  this  occasion  is  in  the  possession  of  the 
Duke  of  Portland.  But  it  is  possible  that  this  bowl  may  have  been 
used  instead  of  a  paten. 

Lent  by  II.  Johnes  Fielding,  Esq. 


296  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration, 


31.  Register  of  Archbishop  Laud's  Burial.    From  the 

registers  of  Allhallows  Barking  Church. 

Burialls,  Ano  D°  :  1644  and  1645. 

I    Died   I  Buried  I  William  Laude  Archbishup  of 
January  |      10  11  Canterbery  beheaded   .   .  . 

After  beheaded  there  is  a  word  erased,  which  doubtless  was 
traitor. 

Lent  by  the  Vicar  and  Churchwardens  of 
Allhallows  Barking,  E.C. 

32.  MS.  Poem  in  honour  of  Archbishop  Laud,  in  the 

Vestry  Minute  Book  of  Allhallows  Barking 
Church  for  July,  1663. 

"  Upon  the  Remoue  of  ye  most  Revend 
William 

Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterburie  his  bodie  from 
Allhallowes  Barking  London,  to  St  John's 
Colledg  in  Oxford,  July  ye  21th,  1663. 

When  first  Injustice  Pack't  up  his  High-Court, 

When  Vsurpation  grau'd  a  Broad  Seale  for't, 

When  Death,  in  Butchers  :  dies  did  th'  axe  advance, 

And  Tragique  :  purpose  with  all  Circumstance 

Of  Fright  &  Feare  tooke  up  the  fatall  Stage 

To  act  Rebellion  in  it's  Rule,  and  Rage 

When  Friendship  fainted,  and  late:  Love  stark  dead, 

When  few  own'd  him,  whom  most  men  honored, 

Then  Barkinge  home,  then  (thus  by  th'  world  forsooke) 

The  butcherd  Bodie  of  ye  Martyre  tooke, 

Tore  up  her  quiett  Marble,  lodg'd  him  sure 

In  ye  cheife  Chamber  of  her  Sepulture  ; 

Where  he  intire,  and  undisturb'd  hath  bin, 

Murther'd  &  mangl'd  tho  at's  laying  in, 

Where  he's  vntainted  too,  free  from  distrust 

Of  a  vile  mixture  with  Rebellious  dust  ; 

To  make  that  sure,  Braue  Andrew's  begg'd  it  meet 

To  Rott  at's  Coffin,  and  to  rise  at's  Feet, 

But  now  our  Learned  Lawd's  to  Oxford  sent, 

St.  John's  is  made  St.  William's  Monument, 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


297 


Made  so  bym'self ;  This  pious  Primate's  knowne 
Best,  by  the  Bookes,  and  Buildings  of  his  owne, 
Whome,  though  th'accursed  age  did  then  deny 
To  lay  him,  where  ye  Royall  Reliques  lye, 
Which  was  his  due  ;  At's  Bodies  next  Remoue 
Hee'l  Rise,  and  Reigne  amongst  ye  blest  aboue." 

Lent  by  the  Vicar  and  Churchwardens  of 
Allhallows  Barking,  E.C. 

33.  Notes  of  charges  against  Archbishop  Laud,  be- 

lieved to  be  the  autograph  notes  of  William 
Prynne  used  against  the  Archbishop  in  his  Trial. 

Consisting  of  six  closely-written  sheets  of  large  brief-paper, 
18 J  x  14,  and  fragments  of  two  others,  carefully  repaired, 
mounted,  and  half-bound  in  parchment,  lettered  "  Mr.  Prynne's 
Observations,"  with  marginal  notes,  some  by  another  hand. 

The  last  sheet  bears  the  endorsement  "  Mr.  Prynne's  Notes 
agst  Archbishop  Laud,  given  me  by  Geo.  Clarke,  Esq., 
a  d.  1740,  out  of  Mr.  Prynne"s  Library  at  Swanswick,  near 
Bath.  N.B.  Mr.  Prynne's  estate  there  now  belongs  to  ye  sd 
Mr.  Clarke.    And.  Coltee  Ducarel." 

Lent  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Canterbury. 

34.  Medal    struck  in   honour   of   Archbishop  Laud. 

Three  examples,  two  in  silver,  one  in  brass, 
n\  inches  in  diameter.  Obv.  Portrait  of 
Archbishop  Laud,  profile,  in  square  cap,  with 
inscription  GVIL  :  LAVD  .  ARCHIEPISC  . 
CANTVAR  .  X  .  IAN  .  1644.  Rev.  An  Angel 
holding  a  mitre  ;  two  Angels  beneath  holding  a 
crown  :  at  the  base,  view  of  London  and  the 
Thames,  with  old  S.  Paul's  and  S.  Saviour's, 
Southwark,  with  inscription  SANCTI 
CAROLI  .  PRECURSOR. 

Lent  by  the  President  of  S.  John's  College, 
Oxford,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton,  and  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow-Simpson  respectively. 


298  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


35.  Bust  of  Archbishop  Laud,  probably  by  Herbert  le 

Sueur,  dated  1633. 

In  bronze,  undraped.   From  the  Library  of  S.  John's  College. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

36.  Photographic  Specimens  of  MSS.  given  by  Arch- 

bishop Laud  to  the  Bodleian  Library. 

LIST  OF  MSS.  PHOTOGRAPHED. 

Hebrew  :  Compendium  of  Ritual  decisions  by  R.  Asher, 
Son  of  Yehiel. 
Translation  of  Maimonides'    Guide   of  the 
Perplexed. 

Commentary  on  Liturgies  collected  by  Ahron 

Ben  Hayyim. 
Hebrew  Poems. 

Spanish  in  Hebrew  Characters  :  Libri  di  Magica,  by 
Gil  de  Burgos. 

Arabic  :  The  Pentateuch. 

History  of  Ibn  Sasarri. 

El-Ghazzali's  Revival  of  the  Religious  Sciences. 
Arabic  Chronicle  (anonymous). 
Biographical  Dictionary  of  El-Dhahabi. 
Specimens  of  Calligraphy. 

Greek  :  MS.  E  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles. 

Latin  :  Aegidii  Poema  de  Re  Medica. 

Samaritan  :  The  Pentateuch. 

Ethiopic  :  Organon  Mariae. 

Persian  :  Sa'di's  Gulistan. 

Apophthegms. 

Chinese  :  Log-book. 

Church-Slavonic  :  New  Testament. 

Bohemian  :  New  Testament. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue.  299 


Irish  :  New  Testament. 
Flemish  :  Paradisus  Animae. 
Italian  :  Laude  de  la  Caritade. 

Spanish  :  Letter  from  Don  Pedro  Franquesa  to  Don 
Juan  de  Aquila. 

French  :  Froissart's  Chronicle. 
Quintus  Curtius. 

Anglo-Saxon  :  Chronicle. 

Diary,  1639,  June  28th.  "  I  sent  the  remainder  of  my 
manuscripts  to  Oxford,  being  in  number  576.  And  about  an 
hundred  of  them  were  Hebrew,  Arabic,  and  Persian.  I  had 
formerly  sent  them  about  700  volumes."  See  also  History  of 
his  Chancellorship  (  Works,  v.  225  (.). 

Things  projected.  No.  12.  "  To  set  up  a  Greek  press  in  London 
and  Oxford,  for  printing  of  the  Library  Manuscripts  ;  and  to 
get  both  letters  and  matrices.    Done  for  London." 

Lent  by  D.  S.  Margoliouth,  Esq., 
Laudian  Professor  of  Arabic  in  the 
University  of  Oxford. 

37.  A  Display  of  Heraldry.  By  "  Master  GVILLIM  :"' 

4to,  London,  Ralph  Mab,  1632. 

Showing  on  page  382,  the  Arms  of  "  The  Kg'  R"  Father  in 
God  Wm  Laud,  LJ  Bishop  of  London,  Chancellour  .  .  .  Un:  Ox: 
Dean  of  the  Chap:  Royal  "  &c. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Kenworthy. 

38.  The  History  and  Antiquities  Ancient  and  Modern 

of  the  Borough  of  Reading.  By  John  Man. 
4to,  Reading,  181 6. 

Showing  on  page  48,  the  house  in  Broad  Street  in  which 
William  Laud  was  born. 

Diary.    "  I  was  born  October  7,  1573,  at  Reading." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Penny. 


300  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


39.    The  History   of  the   Municipal   Church   of  St. 

Lawrence,  Reading.      By  the    Rev.  Charles 
Kerry.    8vo,  Reading  1883. 
Showing  the  Font,  in  which  Laud  was  christened. 

Lent  by  H.  C.  Bond,  Esq. 


40.    Rubbing  of  Memorial  Brass  to  Archbishop  Laud, 
in  the  Chapel  of  S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

With  inscription  "  In  hac  Cistvla  condvntvr  exvviae  Gvlielmi 
Lavd  Archiepiscopi  Cantvariensis  qvi  secvri  percvssvs  im- 
mortalitatem  adijt,  die  decimo  Ianvarij  An"  Dni  164*  yEtatis 
avte  svae  72,  Archiepiscop.  11." 

As  Henry  Wharton  tells  us,  this  was  the  inscription  placed 
upon  the  coffin  itself: — "On  the  Arch-Bishop's  Coffin  was 
nailed  a  little  Brass-Plate,  with  his  Arms,  and  this  Inscription 
engraven  thereon,  &c."  (Hist.  o/Tryal  p.  453.) 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton. 


41.  Rubbing  of  Memorial  Brass  to  Archbishop  Laud's 

Auditor,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  North  Aisle  of 
Allhallows  Barking  Church. 
"  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Geo.  Snayth,  Esqr,  sometime 
Auditor  to  Will"1  Laud,  late  Arch  Bishop  of  Canterbury,"  &c. 

Presented  by  Miss  Johnson. 

42.  Laud  blessing  Strafford  on  his  way  to  Execution. 

From  the  picture  by  De  La  Roche,  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland. 

"  The  next  morning  at  his  coming  forth  he  drew  near  to  the 
Archbishop's  lodging,  and  said  to  the  Lieutenant  '  Though  I 
do  not  see  the  Archbishop,  yet  give  me  leave,  I  pray  you,  to  do 
my  last  observance  towards  his  rooms.'  In  the  meantime  the 
Archbishop,  advertised  of  his  approach,  came  out  to  the 
window.    Then  the  Earl  bowing  himself  to  the  ground,  '  My 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


Lord'  said  he,  'your  prayers  and  your  blessing.'  The  Arch- 
bishop lift  up  his  hands  and  bestowed  both  ;  but  overcome 
with  grief,  fell  to  the  ground  in  animi  deliquio." — Heylin's 
Cyprianus  Anglicus,  p.  481. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 

43.    Leaves   of  a   maple-tree   planted   by  Laud  at 
Ibstock  (?)  in  Leicestershire. 

These  were  given  to  the  Rev.  T.  Arthur  Curties  20  years  ago 
by  an  old  clergyman,  the  Rev.  E.  Dodds,  then  Rector  of  ("Treat 
Glen,  Leicestershire. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  T.  Arthur  Curties. 

ii.    Trial  of  Archbishop  Laud.     Engraving  by  Hollar. 

Lent  by  Mr.  H.  A.  J.  Breun. 


45.  Photograph  of  Laud's  Instrument  of  Resignation 

of  the  Chancellorship  of  the  University  of 
Oxford. 

This,  the  formal  letter  of  resignation,  is  hitherto  unprinted. 
It  will  be  found  at  p.  273  of  this  volume. 

Lent  by  Professor  Margoliouth. 

46.  Protection   for   the   Archbishop's    Ferrymen  at 

Lambeth.  With  Admiralty  seal  and  signatures 
of  Admiral  Sir  George  Rooke  and  others. 
Dated  March  10,  1701. 

The  Ferry-boat  held  an  important  place  in  the  life  of  an 
Archbishop  in  those  days. 

Diary,  1633,  Sept.  19.  "  The  day  .  .  .  when  I  first  went  to 
Lambeth,  my  coach,  horses,  and  men  sunk  to  the  bottom  of  the 
Thames  in  the  ferry-boat,  which  was  overladen ;  but  I  praise 
God  for  it,  I  lost  neither  horse  nor  man." 

Lent  by  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 


302 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


E. — Contemporary  Books  and  Tracts. 

(Only  such  as  contain  Portraits,  or  are  otherwise  specially  interesting, 
are  exhibited). 

47.  Fragments  of  leaves  of  the  suppressed  edition  of 
Archbishop  Laud's  Scottish  Prayer  Book. 
A  contemporary  writer,  Robert  Baillie,  says  "  It  is  now 
perceived,  by  the  leaves  and  sheets  of  that  booke,  which  are 
given  out  athort  the  shoppes  of  Edinburgh  to  cover  spyce  and 
tobacco,  one  edition  at  least  was  destroyed."  These  fragments, 
which  were  discovered  in  the  binding  of  a  copy  of  the  Edition 
of  1637,  differ  from  the  corresponding  parts  of  the  published 
work,  and  are  probably  portions  of  the  destroyed  edition. 
They  are  the  only  known  specimens  that  have  survived. 

Lent  by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Edinburgh. 


48.  The  Booke  of  Common  Prayer  and  Administration 

of  The  Sacraments.  And  other  parts  of  Divine 
Service  for  the  use  of  the  Church  of  Scotland. 
Folio.    Black  Letter.    Edinburgh,  1637. 

Prepared  by  AbP  Laud.    Two  copies,  to  show  the  variation 
from  the  English  Prayer  Book  in  the  Prayer  of  Consecration,  &c. 

Lent  by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Edinburgh. 

49.  The  History  of  the  Troubles  and  Tryal  of  The 

Most  Reverend  Father  in  God,  and  Blessed 
Martyr,  William  Laud,  Lord  Arch-Bishop  of 
Canterbury.  ...  To  which  is  prefixed 
The  Diary  of  His  Own  Life.  First  Edition. 
Folio.    London,  MDCXCV. 

With  a  fine  portrait. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  Collins, 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


50.  A  Summarie  of  Devotions,  compiled  and  used  by 
Dr.  William  Laud,  sometime  L'1  Arch- Bishop 
of  Canterbury.  First  Edition.  8vo.  Oxford,  1667. 

With  an  interesting  portrait  of  Laud  inserted. 
Formerly  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  Routh,  President  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  and  of  Dr.  Hawkins,  Provost  of  Oriel  College. 

Lent  by  Miss  Hawkins. 


51.    A  Summarie  of  Devotions  compiled  and  used  by 
Dr.  William  Laud,  &c.  5^x3^.  London,  1667. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  T.  Arthur  Curties. 


52.  A  Speech  in  the  Starr  Chamber,  at  the  censure  of 
J.  Bastwick,  H.  Burton,  and  W.  Prinne.  4to. 
London,  1637. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow-Simpson. 


53.  The  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury's  Speech  or  His 
Funeral  Sermon,  preached  by  Himself  on  the 
Scaffold  on  Tower-hill  Two  Copies,  4to. 
London,  1644,  and  one  4to.  London,  1709. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow-Simpson,  Mr.  Alderman 
Dimsdale,  and  His  Grace  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury  respectively. 


54.  The  True  Copie  of  a  Letter  sent  by  .  .  .  Laud 
.  .  .  to  the  University  of  Oxford  when  he 
resigned  the  office  of  Chancellor  .  .  .  4to. 
Oxford,  1 64 1.    Bound  up  with 

The  Copie  of  a  Letter  sent  from  William  Lavd 


3°4  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Archbishop  of  Canterbury  the  28  of  June 
MDCXLI  unto  the  Vniversitie  of  Oxford,  1641. 

The  latter  is  a  forgery. 
With  portrait  inserted. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows 
.  of  Sion  College. 


55.  A  Breviate  of  the  Life  of  William  Laud  Arch- 
Bishop  of  Canterbury.  By  William  Prynne  of 
Lincoln's  Inn,  Esquire.    Folio.   London,  1644. 

With  Hollar's  print  of  the  Trial. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


56.  Canterburies  Doome,  or  The  First  Part  of  a  Com- 
plete History  of  the  Commitment,  Charge, 
Tryal,  Condemnation,  Execution  of  William 
Laud,  late  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury.  .  .  . 
By  William  Prynne,  of  Lincolns  Inn,  Esquire. 
Folio.    London,  1646. 

With  Hollar's  print  of  the  Trial,  and  portraits  of  Prynne 
and  Laud — the  latter  very  curious,  and  probably  not  authentic. 
See  No.  81. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mason. 


57.  Ecclesiae  Anglicanae  Suspiria ;  the  Tears,  Sighs, 
Complaints  and  Prayers  of  the  Church  of 
England.  .  .  .  By  John  Gauden,  D.D. 
Folio.    London,  1659. 

With  curious  emblematical  frontispiece. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell, 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue.  305 


58.  Cyprianus  Anglicus  :  Or,  The  History  of  the 
Life  and  Death  of  The  most  Reverend  and 
Kenouned  Prelate  William  By  Divine  Provi- 
dence Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
By  P.  Heylin,  D.D.  and  Chaplain  to  Charles  the 
First  and  Charles  the  Second,  Monarchs  of 
Great  Britain.    Folio,  London  MDCLXXI. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  Collins. 


59.  Scrinia  Reserata  :  a  Memorial  Offered  to  the  Great 
Deservings  of  John  Williams  D.D. 
L'1  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal  of  England  and 
LJ  B1' of  Lincoln  .  .  .  By  John  Hackett  D.D., 
Late  Ld  Bp  of  Litchfield  and  Coventry.  Folio. 
London,  1693. 

With  fine  portrait  of  Bishop  Williams. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  Collins. 


60.    The  Pope's  Benediction,  or  His  generall  pardon, 
sent  into  England  by  Ignatius  Holy- 
Water,  a  Jesuit,  to  the  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury 
and  to  the  rest  of  his  subjects  there.  4to. 
London,  1641. 

Two  satirical  cuts.    Begins  "All  haile  to  our  Laud  of  little 
grace." 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows 
of  Sion  College. 


61.    Rome  for  Canterbury;  or  a  true  relation  of  the 
Birth  and  Life  of  W.  Laud,    4to.  s.l.  1641. 

With  portrait. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows 
of  Sion  College. 


3ofi 


Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


62.  The  Recantation  of  the  Prelate  of  Canterbury : 
Being  his  last  Advice  to  his  Brethren  the 
Bishops  of  England  :  To  consider  his  Fall,  observe 
the  Times,  forsake  their  Wayes,  and  to  joyne  in 
this  good  work  of  REFORMATION.  41.0. 
London,  1641. 

With  curious  portrait  of  Laud  falling. 

A  presentation  copy  from  "  A  Romish  Recusant." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton. 


63.  Mercuries  Message  or  The  Coppy  of  a  Letter  sent 
to  William  Laud  late  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
now  prisoner  in  the  Tower.  4to.  London, 
1 64 1. 

With  portrait. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  Collins. 


64.  An  Answer  to  the  most  Envious,  Scandalous, 
and  Libellous  Pamphlet,  Entitled  Mercuries 
Message.    4to.    London,  1641. 

With  very  curious  portrait. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  Collins. 


65.  A  Second  Message  to  Mr.  William  Laud,  now 
prisoner  in  the  Tower  on  behalf  of  Mercurie. 
4to.    London,  1641. 

With  portrait  and  MS.  addition,  "  A  Canterbury  Tale." 

Lent  by^the  President  and  Fellows 
of  Sion  College. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


66.  A  true  Description,  or  rather  a  Parallel  betweene 
Cardinall  Wolsey,  Arch-Bishop  of  York,  and 
William  Laud,  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury. 
410.  s.l.,  1641. 

Bound  up  with  the  "  Speech  in  the  Starr  Chamber,"  "  Divine 
and  Politike  Observations,"  and  the  "  Speech  or  Funerall 
Sermon." 

Lent  by  J.  M.  Barton,  Esq. 


67.    "  Former  Ages  never  heard  of 

and 

After  Ages  will  admire." 

4to.    London,  1654. 

A  very  interesting  pamphlet,  with  many  curious  cuts,  including 
"The  rising  of  Prentises  and  Sea-men  on  the  Southwark  side  to 
assault  the  Arch-bishop  of  Canterburys  House  at  Lambeth," 
and  "  Execution  of  Archbishop  Laud."  Bound  up  with  other 
curious  tracts. 

Lent  by  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Northbourne. 


F. — Portraits  (Oils  and  Engravings). 


oil  paintings. 

68.    William   Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  By 
Van  Dyck. 

See  W.  H.  Hutton's  Laud,  p.  37,  note  3. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 

X2 


308  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 

69.    King  Charles  I.    Artist  unknown. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows 
of  Sion  College. 


70.  Sir  Thomas  Wentworth,  Lord   Strafford.  Copy 

of  a  portrait  by  Van  Dyck,  in  the  Egremont 
Collection.  Given  by  the  late  Earl  of  Egremont 
to  S.  John's  College. 

Lent  by  the  Master  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

71.  William    Juxon,  Bishop   of   London  1633-1660, 

Lord  Treasurer  of  England  (afterwards  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  1660- 1663).  Artist 
unknown. 

Lent  by  the  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Worcester. 


72.  John  Williams,  Bishop  of  Lincoln  1621-1641, 
Dean  of  Westminster  and  Lord  Keeper  of 
England  (afterwards  Archbishop  of  York  1641- 
1644). 

Lent  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Westminster. 


73.  Edward  Pococke,  1st  Laudian  Reader  in  Arabic 
in  the  University  of  Oxford.  Copy  of  a  picture 
in  the  Bodleian  Library,  made  for  Dr.  Pusey 
during  his  tenure  of  the  Regius  Professorship 
of  Hebrew  (1828-1882). 

With  Inscription,  "  Edv.  Pocock,  S.T.P.  |  Nat.  A.D.  1604  | 
Ling.  Arab.  Prof.  Laud.  1636  |  Ling.  Heb.  Item  Prof.  1648  | 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue.  309 


Ex  utroque  officiis  ejectus  1650  |  Kestitutus,  nullo  ei  pari 
invento  1651  |  Ob.  A.D.  1691." 

Things  projected,  No.  17.  "To  erect  an  Arabic  Lecture  in 
Oxford,  at  least  for  my  lifetime,  my  estate  not  being  able  for 
more.  .  .  .  Done.  I  have  now  settled  it  for  ever.  The 
Lecture  began  to  be  read  August  10th,  1636." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Driver,  Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew 
in  the  University  of  Oxford. 


74.  Miniature  Portrait  of  Archbishop  Laud  on  ivory, 
painted  in  1858,  by  Mrs.  Davis  Cooper,  from 
the  portrait  by  Myttens,  now  in  the  possession 
of  Charles  W.  Wood,  Esq. 

An  Autotype  reproduction  of  the  original  portrait  forms  the 
frontispiece  to  this  Volume. 

Lent  by  Mrs.  Davis  Cooper. 


ENGRAVINGS,  ETC. 

75.  William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  En- 
graved by  James  Watson  from  the  portrait  by 
Van  Dyck  now  in  the  Hermitage  Gallery  at 
S.  Petersburg. 

This  painting  was  once  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Robert 
Walpole  at  Houghton  Hall,  and  was  sold  thence  to  Catherine  II. 
of  Russia. 

Lent  by  Dr.  N.  Evans. 


76.    Archbishop  Laud.    Autotype  Reproduction  of  the 
Portrait  by  Van  Dyck  at  S.  Petersburg. 


Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mason. 


310  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


77.    Archbishop  Laud.    Engraved  by  Loggan  from  the 
portrait  by  Van  Dyck  at  S.  John's. 

Lent  by  the  President  and  Fellows  of 
S.  John's  College,  Oxford. 


78.    Archbishop  Laud.    After  Van  Dyck. 

Framed  in  the  wood  of  the  Inner  Quadrangle  of  S.  John's 
College  Oxford,  built  by  Laud. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  T.  Arthur  Curties. 


79.  Archbishop  Laud.  A  very  curious  engraving  by 
Benedictus  Audran,  after  a  portrait  by  Wan  der 
Werff. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  T.  Arthur  Curties. 


80.  Collection  of  Engravings  of  Archbishop  Laud, 
including  one  printed  in  France,  one  in  the 
Low  Countries,  and  one  in  Germany. 

Lent  by  Mr.  H.  A.  J.  Breun. 


81.  Archbishop  Laud.  A  Portrait  of  a  Bishop  in  a 
Geneva  Cap,  quite  unlike  Laud,  but  found  in 
several  contemporary  tracts,  and  in  some  copies 
of  Prynne's  Canterburies  Doome. 

Apparently  the  printer,  being  unable  to  get  a  true  picture, 
utilised  an  old  wood  block  of  rather  earlier  character. 


Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


3" 


82.  Bishop  Atterbury  in  prison  in  the  Tower,  holding  a 

portrait  of  Archbishop  Laud.  Printed  for 
Eman.  Bowen,  the  corner  of  Bolt  Court,  in 
Fleet  Street,  London  [1722]. 

"He  [Atterbury]  was  publicly  prayed  for  in  most  of  the 
Churches  of  London  and  Westminster  ;  and  there  was  spread 
among  the  people  a  pathetic  print  of  the  Bishop  looking 
through  the  bars  of  a  prison,  and  holding  in  his  hand  a  portrait 
of  Archbishop  Laud  ". — Mahon,  History  of  England  from  17 13  to 
1783,  ch.  xii. 

See  Bibliography,  No.  249. 

Lent  by  Mr.  H.  A.  J.  Breun. 

83.  King  Charles  I.    After  the  Portrait  by  Van  Dyck 

in  the  Pembroke  Collection. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 

84.  King  Charles  I,  Queen  Henrietta   Maria,  Abp. 

Laud,  and  the  Earl  of  Strafford.  Four  contem- 
porary woodcuts  on  two  sheets. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  F.  A.  H.  Vinon. 


85.  George  Abbot,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  1610- 
1633.  From  a  portrait  in  the  possession  of  the 
Earl  of  Verulam. 

Laud's  Calvinistic  predecessor.  On  August  G,  1633,  Laud 
(then  Bishop  of  London)  came  to  visit  the  King  at  Greenwich, 
not  having  heard  that  Abbot  was  just  dead.  "  My  Lord's  Grace 
of  Canterbury,"  said  the  King,  "  you  are  very  welcome." 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


312  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


86.    Launcelot  Andrewes,  Bishop  of  Winchester  1619- 
1626.    Dated  1618.    [Very  rare.) 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


87.    Bishop  Andrewes.    Dated  1635. 

Lent  by  the  Master  of  Pembroke  College, 
Cambridge. 


88.    Bishop  Andrewes,  in   Geneva   Cap.    By  Hollar 
dated  1643. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


89.  William  Juxon,  Bishop  of  London  (afterwards 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury).  Two  engravings, 
one  of  which  is  the  other  reversed.  After  the 
portrait  at  Longleat. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


90.    Bishop  Juxon. 

Lent  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  S.  Paul's. 


91.    George  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham  1 1592-1628). 

After  the  portrait  by  C.Johnson.  Engraved  by 
Houbraken. 

Diary,  June  15,  1622,  "  I  became  C[onfessor]  to  my  Lord  of 
Buckingham." 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


3r3 


92.  Sir  Thomas  Wentworth,  Earl  of  Strafford,  1593- 
164 1.  After  the  portrait  by  Van  Dyck  in  the 
possession  of  Sir  F.  Child. 

Lent  by  Rev.  Prof.  Collins. 


93.  William  Prynne,  John  Bastwick,  and  Henry 
Burton.  Set  in  the  pillory  by  authority  of  the 
Star  Chamber,  June,  1637.    Three  woodcuts. 

Diary,  June  14,  1637.  "This  day  Jo.  Bastwick,  Doctor  of 
Physic,  Henry  Burton,  Bachelor  of  Divinity,  and  William 
Prynne,  Barrister-at-Law,  were  censured  for  their  libels  against 
the  hierarchy  of  the  Church,  &c." 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


G. — Engravings,  &c.,  of  Places. 

94.    The  house  in  Broad  Street,  Reading,  in  which 
Laud  was  born. 

See  No.  38. 

Lent  by  Mr.  E.  Hill. 


95.    St.  Laurence's  Church,  Reading,  in  which  Laud 
was  christened. 

See  No.  39. 

Lent  by  H.  C.  Bond,  Esy. 


96.    The  Grammar  School,  Reading :  in  which  Laud 
probably  received  his  earliest  Education,  and 


314  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


of  which  he  was  a  generous  benefactor  in  later 
years. 

Lloyd,  Memoirs,  p.  225,  tells  how  Laud's  schoolmaster  used  to 
say  to  him  "  When  you  are  a  little  great  man,  remember 
Reading  School." 

Letter  CXXVII.  To  the  Corporation  of  Reading.  "  I  pray 
leave  to  put  you  in  mind  that  you  have  no  preferment  for  your 
school,  but  only  for  two  places  into  Saint  John's  College  in 
Oxford  ;  and  by  God's  blessing,  of  later  times  some  of  your 
sons  have  thrived  extraordinarily  well  there." 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Damell. 


97.    Two   Views   of  S.  John's   College,  Oxford,  by 
Loggan. 

Things  Projected,  No.  2.  "  To  build  at  S.  John's  in  Oxford, 

where  I  was  bred  up,  for  the  good  and  safety  of  that  College. 
Done." 

Diary,  1631,  July  26th.  "The  first  stone  was  laid  of  my 
building  at  S.  John's." 

1635,  September  3rd.  "  I  went  privately  from  the  Bishop 
of  Oxford's  house  at  Cuddesdon,  to  S.  John's  in  Oxford, 
to  see  my  building  there,  and  give  some  directions  for 
the  last  finishing  of  it." 

See  Letter  CCXCI  for  Laud's  wishes  as  to  the  arrangement 
of  the  New  Buildings. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Hutton,  B.D. 


98.  Inner  Quadrangle  of  S.  John's  College,  Oxford 
(built  by  Archbishop  Laud),  with  a  Procession 
of  Founders  and  Benefactors.  Being  the  plate 
of  the  Oxford  Almanac  for  1734. 


Lent  by  the  Rev.  T.  Arthur  Curties. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue. 


315 


99.  The  Chapel  of  Gray's  Inn,  before  restoration,  of 

which  Inn  Laud  was  a  Student. 

Hart  MSS.    No.    1912.      "  Arch-bishopps    of  Canterbury 

admitted  of  this  Society  

Lauid;  William, 

admitted  1  November,  1615." 

Lent  by  H.  C.  Richards,  Esq. 

100.  Parish  Church  of  North  Kilworth,  Leicestershire, 

of  which  Laud  was  Rector  from  1608  to  1609. 
Engraving  and  three  photographs. 

Diary,  1608,  April.    "The  Advowson  of  North  Kilworth,  in 
Leicestershire,  given  to  me." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Belgrave,  Rector  of 
North  Kilworth. 


101.  Parish  Church  of  West  Tilbury,  Essex,  of  which 

Laud  was  Rector  from  1609  to  1616.  Photo- 
graphs. 

Diary,  1609.  "  I  changed  my  Advowson  of  North  Kilworth, 
for  West  Tilbery,  in  Essex  ;  to  which  I  was  inducted  October 
28th,  to  be  near  my  Lord  of  Rochester,  Dr.  Neile." 

1616,  November.  "  I  resigned  my  Parsonage  of  West 
Tilbery." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Dobree,  Rector  of 
West  Tilbury. 

102.  Parish  Church  of  Norton,  Kent,  of  which  Laud 

was  Rector  from  1610  to  1617.  Photographs. 

Diary,  1G10.  "  I  left  Cuchstone,  and  was  inducted  into 
Norton,  November,  by  proxy." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  W.  Crowther,  Rector  of  Norton. 


316  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


103.  Parish  Church  of  Ibstock,  Leicestershire,  of  which 

Laud  was  Rector  from  1617  to  1626.  Photo- 
graphs. 

Diary,  1C17.  "  I  was  inducted  to  Ibstock,  in  Leicestershire, 
August  2nd,  in  my  return  out  of  Scotland :  and  left  Norton." 

1626,  March  6th.  "  I  resigned  the  Parsonage  of  Ibstock, 
which  I  held  in  Commendam." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Flood,  Rector  of  Ibstock. 

104.  Parish    Church  of  Crick,  Northamptonshire,  of 

which  Laud  was  Vicar  from  1622. 

Diary,  1622,  January  27th.  '•  I  went  out  of  London  about 
the  Parsonage  of  Creeke,  given  me  into  my  Commendam. 
January  29th.  I  was  instituted  at  Peterborough  into  the 
Parsonage  of  Creeke.  January  31st.  I  was  inducted  into 
Creeke.  February  2nd.  Being  Sunday  and  Candlemas  Day,  I 
preached  and  read  the  Articles  at  Creeke." 

1624,  July  23rd,  Friday.  "  I  went  to  lie  and  keep  house,  and 
preach  at  my  Livings,  held  in  Commendam,  Creeke  and 
Ibstock." 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Gray,  Vicar  of  Crick. 

105.  The  Chapel  of  Abergwili  Palace,  Caermarthen, 

rebuilt  by  Laud  when  Bishop  of  S.  David's. 
Photograph. 

A  modern  brass  in  the  Chapel  bears  the  inscription  "  *  Capel- 
lam  propriis  sumptibus  exstructam  Willelmus  Laud  episcopus 
Meneviensis  in  nomine  Sancti  Joannis  Baptista;  die  vigiliae 
decollationis  consecravit  m.  Augusti  d.  xxviiivo.  A.n.  mdcxx'°." 

Diary,  August  20th,  1625.  "  I  consecrated  the  chapel,  or 
oratory,  which  I  had  built  at  my  own  charge  in  my  house, 
commonly  called  Abergwilly  House.  I  named  it  the  chapel  of 
S.  John  Baptist,  in  grateful  remembrance  of  S.  John  Baptist's 
College,  in  Oxford,  of  which  I  had  been  first  Fellow,  and  after- 
wards President." 

Presented  by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  S.  David's. 


3i7 


106.    Church  of  S.  Katherine  Cree,  E.C.  Engraving. 

Rebuilt  (excepting  the  Tower)  1628-30,  and  consecrated  by 
Laud  (as  Bishop  of  London).  The  consecration  of  this  Church, 
and  the  ceremonies  on  the  occasion,  formed  one  of  the  charges 
against  the  Archbishop  at  his  Trial.  Hist,  of  Troubles,  pp. 
339.  34°- 

Diary,  1630-1,  Jan.  iG,  Sunday.  "  I  consecrated  S.  Catherine 
Creed  Church  in  London." 

Lent  by  Mrs.  Garrett. 


107.  Parish  Church  of  Great  Stanmore,  consecrated  by 
Laud  (as  Bishop  of  London)  on  July  17,  1632. 
Photograph. 

Diary,  1C32,  July  17,  Tuesday.  "  I  consecrated  the  Church  at 
Stanmore  Magna  in  Middlesex,  built  by  Sir  John  Wolstenham." 

Presented  by  the  Rev.  F.  C.  Jackson, 
Rector  of  Great  Stanmore. 


108     A  Bird's-eye  View  of  Lambeth  Palace.  Engraving, 
dated  1697. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


109.    Lambeth  Palace  Chapel,  as  it  was  in  the  Seven- 
teenth Century.  Engraving. 

The  ceiling,  mouldings,  &c,  are  by  Laud  ;  the  stalls  and 
screen  by  Juxon  after  the  Restoration. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


110.    Lambeth    Palace   Chapel.     Engraving  of  the 
Crypt. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 


318  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 

111.  Church  of  S.  Mary  the  Virgin,  Oxford.  Restored 

by  Laud  and  others.  Engraving. 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 

112.  Church  of  S.  Mary  the  Virgin,  Oxford.  Engraving 

of  the  South  Porch,  the  statue  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin  Mary  in  which  was  charged  against 
Laud  at  his  Trial.  (Prynne,  Cant.  Doomc, 
p.  71.) 

Diary,  1637.  "In  this  year  the  Porch  of  S.  Mary's  was 
finished  at  the  cost  of  my  Chaplain,  Dr.  Morgan  Owen,  which 
was  /230." 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Daniell. 

113.  OldS  Paul's  Cathedral,  West  Front,  built  by  Inigo 

Jones.    Engraving  by  Hollar,  dated  1643. 

The  Cathedral  was  restored  within  and  without  mainly 
through  the  exertions  of  Laud,  once  its  Bishop.  He  invited 
the  King  to  the  City  on  a  State  visit.  After  service  he  went 
over  the  Cathedral,  and  the  inspection  revealed  the  great  need 
of  restoration.  The  work  was  at  once  taken  in  hand,  beginning 
with  the  disused  and  dilapidated  choir ;  and  under  Laud's 
auspices  it  went  on  vigorously.  He  himself  guaranteed  £\oo  a 
year,  and  gave  far  more.  The  King  gave  Inigo  Jones's  new 
West  Front — greatly  admired  at  the  time — and  within  about 
ten  years  over  £100,000  had  been  spent  upon  the  work, 
which  was  nearly  finished  at  the  time  of  Laud's  impeachment. 
In  the  changes  which  followed,  it  need  hardly  be  said,  nothing 
more  was  done. 

Things  projected.  No.  5.  "To  set  upon  the  repair  of 
S.  Paul's  Church  in  London.  Done." 

"  Thus  fell  Laud,  and  S.  Paul's  with  him  :  The  yearly  Contri- 
bution toward  whose  Repair,  Anno  1641,  when  he  was  plunged 
into  his  Troubles,  fell  from  the  sum  of  15000/.  and  upward,  to 
somewhat  less  than  1500,  and  afterwards  by  degrees  to 
nothing  "— Heylin,  Cypr.  Aug.  p.  504. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow-Simpson. 


Laudian  Exhibition  Catalogue.  319 

114.    Old  S.  Paul's  Cathedral,  South  Side,  showing  the 
new  South  Transept.    Engraving  by  Hollar. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow-Simpson. 


115.    Old  S.  Paul's  Cathedral,  Interior  of  the  Nave. 
Engraving  by  Hollar. 

Laud's  friend,  Sir  Paul  Pindar,  gave  £10,000  for  the  decora- 
tion of  the  interior. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sparrow-Simpson. 


116.    Parish  Church  of  Tadlow,  in  Cambridgeshire. 

"  There  happened  also  in  the  Town  of  Tadlow  a  very  ill  inci- 
dent on  Christmas  Day  1638  by  reason  of  not  having  the  Com- 
munion Table  railed  in,  that  it  might  be  kept  from  profanation. 
For  in  Sermon  time  a  dog  came  to  the  Table  and  took  the  loaf 
of  bread,  prepared  for  the  Holy  Sacrament,  in  his  mouth  and 
ran  away  with  it.  Some  of  the  parishioners  took  the  same 
from  the  dog,  and  set  it  upon  the  Table.  After  the  Sermon 
the  Minister  cd.  not  think  fit  to  consecrate  the  bread  ;  and 
other  fit  for  the  Sacrament  was  not  to  be  had  in  that  town  ; 
and  the  day  so  far  spent  that  they  could  not  send  for  it  to 
another  town  ;  so  there  was  no  communion.  And  this  was 
presented  by  four  sworn  men  of  the  town  aforesaid."  Laud's 
Account  of  his  Province,  1639  (Works  v.  367/  It  was  the 
danger  of  profanation  such  as  this  which  led  to  Laud's  directions 
for  the  railing  in  of  the  Holy  Table. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  H.  W.  P.  Stevens, 
Vicar  of  Tadlow. 


117.  The  Parish  Church  of  Allhallows  Barking,  E.C., 
in  which  Laud  lay  buried,  1645- 1663.  En- 
graving, dated  1736. 

The  brick   Tower  is  an  almost  unique  specimen  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  architecture  of  the  Commonwealth  period. 


320 


Of  this  Church  Dr.  Edmund  Layfield,  Laud's  nephew,  was 
Vicar.  At  the  time  of  Laud's  death  he  was  in  prison  and 
sequestrated  by  order  of  the  Parliament  ;  and  the  use  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer  had  been  prescribed  on  the  very  day 
upon  which  the  Ordinance  for  the  Archbishop's  death  was 
passed.  Nevertheless,  an  intrepid  priest  named  Fletcher  was 
found  who  was  willing  to  use  the  Book,  and  Laud  was  buried 
in  the  vault  under  the  Altar,  with  the  Burial  Service  of  the 
Church  for  which  he  died. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  (Domestic),  1663-64,/.  320. 

Oct.  ?    Petition  of  Thomas  Fletcher  to  the  King  for  the 
living  of  Boxford,  Suffolk,  void  by  death  of  Jas.  Wharwell. 

Has  been  constant  22  years  in  preaching  and  reading 
the  book  of  Common  Prayer  ;  buried  Archbishop  Laud 
with  that  book  when  others  dared  not  ;  kept  Christmas 
Day  at  S.  Giles's  Cripplegate,  London,  when  other 
churches  were  shut  ;  and  hazarded  his  life  by  going  into 
Kent  four  Sundays,  to  animate  the  people  then  in  arms 
for  His  Majesty.  Has  only  supplied  the  cure  at  Strat- 
ford-le  Bow  on  a  contribution  of  the  inhabitants. 

Endorsed  is — 

Sir  John  Robinson  to  Sec.  Bennet.  Certifies  at  request  of 
many  persons  of  quality  that  the  petitioner  was  a  confident 
reader  of  the  Common  Prayer  book  in  times  of  danger,  a  bold 
asserter  of  the  King's  cause,  animating  his  audience  to  loyalty. 
"  And  true  it  is  he  buried  that  most  reverend  prelate  mentioned 
in  the  petition  when  many  would  not  have  undertaken  it." 

October  2,  1663. 
[He  seems  never  to  have  received  the  living.] 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mason. 

118.  A  True  and  Exact  Draught  of  the  Tower  Liber- 
ties :  survey'd  in  the  year  1597  by  Guillelmus 
Haiward  and  J.  Gascoignc. 

Showing  the  site  of  the  Scaffold. 

Lent  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mason. 


INDEX. 


[The  names  of  books  &c.  are  printed  in  italics.    The  asterisk  *  is 
prefixed  to  the  names  of  printers  and  booksellers  &c] 


A.,  Author  of  An  exact  Copy  of  a  Letter  &c,  213. 
•A.,  R.  231. 

Abbot  [or  Abbott)  George  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. — His  sturdy 
independence,  40.    Portrait  of,  311. 

Abel,  Alderman,  205. 

Aberdeen,  book  printed  at,  190. 

Abergwili  Palace  Chapel  rebuilt  by  Laud,  316. 

Abingdon,  S.  Helen's  Church,  205. 

"Accounts  of  his  Province,"  45  f. ,  290. 

Accusation  {The)  and  Impeachment  of  William  Laud,  199. 

Adams,  W.  H.  Davenport,  259. 

Alisburg,  Letter  from,  224. 

All  to  Westminster :  or,  Newes  from  Elizium,  202. 

Allhallows  Barking  Church. — Laud  Commemoration  at,  x  ;  Re- 
gister of  Laud's  burial  in,  296  ;  MS.  Poem  in  the  Vestry  Book, 
ib.  ;  Brass  to  Laud's  Auditor  in,  300  ;   Engraving  of,  319. 

Allon,  Henry,  Author  of  Laud  and  the  Puritans,  259. 

American  Church  Quarterly  Review  {The),  258. 

Amsterdam,  books  printed  at,  179,  180,  i93(?),  195  (?),  202,  223, 

226(?),  229,  235,  241,  242,  251,  294,  295. 
Andrewes,  Launcelot,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  13,  135.    His  Tortura 

Torti,  with  Laud's  Notes,  xx.     His  Constitutionalism,  41. 

His  Sermons,  104,  170.     His  MS.  Devotions,  285,  286.  MS. 

notes  in  his  Prayer  Book,  290.    Engravings  of,  312. 
Anselm,  St.,  4. 

Answer  {An)  to  Mr.  Fisher's  Relation  of  a  Third  Conference  &>c,  167. 
Answer  {An)  to  the  most  Envious,  Scandalous  &c.  Pamphlet,  214,  306. 
Arabic,  study  of,  before  Laud's  day,  76-78.     Laudian  Professor- 
ship of,  76,  79. 
Arber's  (E.)  Transcript  of  the  Stationers'  Register,  175,  264. 
Archbishop  Laud  and  his  Times,  257. 
Archbishop  Laud  more  than  half  a  Papist,  255. 

v 


322  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Archbishop  Laud's  Funeral  Sermon,  preached  &-c,  178. 
Archbishop  Laud's  Prayer  Booh.    Notes  on  the  Bibliography,  <~r.,  260. 
Archbishop  (The)   of   Canterbury's  Speech   or  His  Funcrall  Sermon, 
177.  3°3- 

Archbishop's  Cruelty  (The)  made  known,  205. 

Archy's  Dream,  203. 

Arms  of  Archbishop  Laud,  299. 

Articles  Exhibited  in  Parliament  (Dec.  1640),  194;  (Feb.  1640-1),  200. 

Articles  of  the  Commons  assembled  in  Parliament,  <src,  228. 

Articles  to  be  inquired  of. — (S.  David's  1622)  167  ;  (London  1628) 
169;  (London  1631)  170;  (Canterbury  1634)  ib. ;  (diocese  left 
blank,  1635)  171  ;  (Worcester  1635)  ib.;  (Winchester  1635)  ib. ; 
(Norwich  1635)  172  ;  (Canterbury  1636)  ib. ;  (Canterbury  1637) 
ib. ;  (Lincoln  1638)  174;  (for  all  dioceses,  1640)  175. 

Articulcn  van't  Huys  der  Gemeente  &-c.,  229. 

Artychelen  van't  Huys  der  Gcemeente  &c,  199. 

Ashbec's  Occasional  Facsimile  Reprints,  203,  208. 

Aston,  T.  H.,  Author  of  a  lecture  on  Laud,  261. 

Atterbury,  Francis,  Bishop  of  Rochester. -  His  commitment  for 
High  Treason,  252.    Portrait  of,  263,  311. 

Audran,  Benedictus,  Engraving  of  Laud  by,  310. 

Autobiography  (The)  of  Dr.  William  Laud  &>c,  187. 

B.,  A.  Author  of  A  Canterbury  Tale,  210. 
*B.,  I.  172. 
*B.,  J.  236. 

B.,  J.  Minister  of  the  Word  of  God,  238. 
*B.,  M.  181. 
*B.,  N.  225. 

*B.,  T.  (1641)  213;  (1687)  183, 

*Badger,  Richard,  169,  170,  171,  172,  173,  174,  175,  267. 
Bagshaw,  Edward  the  Elder,  Author  of  A  Just  Vindication  &-c,  244. 
Baildon,  W.  Paley,  Editor  of  Haywarde's  Star  Chamber  Notes,  56. 
Baillie  (or  Bayley),  Robert,  Author  of  Ladensium  autohatakrisis,  195. 

Life  of  William  now  Lord  Archbishop  &>c.  examined,  225.  Quoted, 

302. 

Baily  (or  Baylie),  Dr.  Richard,  167,  175. 
Baines,  John,  Author  of  Life  of  Laud,  256. 
Baker,  Thomas,  of  S.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  289. 
Barbarino,  Cardinal,  227. 
"Barker,  Robert,  191. 
Barkley  (or  Berkeley),  Judge,  216. 


Index. 


323 


Barnabas,  Epistle  of,  Letter  of  Laud  concerning,  291. 
*Barnes,  J.  165,  166. 

Baron,  Robert,  194. 

Baronius,  Cardinal,  83. 
*Basset,  Thomas,  175. 

Bastwick,  Dr.  John. — His  censure  and  punishment,  61,  172,  173, 

192,  204,  210.    Portrait  of,  313. 
Bateman,  Robert,  Chamberlain  of  the  City  of  London,  291. 
*Ba\ter,  Thomas,  249. 
Bede,  his  copy  of  the  Acts,  87. 
Bedell,  William  Bishop  of  Kilmore,  83. 
Bedwell,  Thomas,  his  Arabic  Lexicon,  78. 
Bellarmine's  Disputations,  with  Laud's  Notes,  xix. 
Bennet,  Secretary,  20. 

Benson,  Arthur  Christopher,  Author  of  Life  of  Laud,  260. 

Benson,  George,  Author  of  A  Collection  of  Tracts  Sec.  253,  254. 

Bensted  (or  Bensteed),  Thomas,  208. 

Berkshire,  County  of,  Laud's  benefactions  to,  255. 

Bibliography,  Laudian,  its  method  and  scope,  xvi. 
•Bill,  John,  165  ;    (with  Bonham   Norton)    166,  168  ;  (Assignes 

of)  191. 
'Billaine,  John,  245. 

Biographia  Britannica,  268. 

Bird,  John,  Author  of  Grounds  of  Grammar,  266. 
Bishop  (The)  of  Canterbury  his  Confession,  229. 
Bishop's  Last  Good  Night  {The),  220. 
Bishop's  Potion  (The),  207. 

Bliss,  Dr.  James,  Editor  of  Laud's  Works,  189,  221. 
*Blunden,  Humphrey,  237. 
Bodleian   Library,  Laud's  benefactions  to,  85  f.     Catalogue  of 

Laudian  MSS.,  257.     Specimens  of  MSS.  given  by  Laud  to, 

298. 

Bodley,  Sir  Thomas,  85,  165.    Laud's  verses  in  memory  of,  276. 
Book  of  Common  Prayer. — (Scottish)  189  f.,  260,  302;  (English)  in 

Greek,  265.    Copy  with  Laud's  Arms,  295. 
Bookcase  Doors,  with  Laud's  Arms,  288. 
*Bostock,  Robert,  227,  236. 
Boston  [U.S.A.] ,  book  printed  at,  257. 

Boswell,  Sir  William,  British  Agent  at  the  Hague,  227.  Letter 
from,  to  Archbishop  Laud,  249. 
'Bowen,  Eman.,  263. 
Boxford,  living  of  (Suffolk),  320. 

Y2 


324  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration 


Brandon,  Richard,  the  hangman,  263. 

Brass  (Memorial)  to  Archbishop  Laud,  300,  316;  to  George 
Snayth,  300. 

Breifc  Examination  (A)  of  a  certain  Pamphlet,  19G. 

Brcife  Rccitall  (A)  of  the  unreasonable  Proceedings,  205. 

Breife  Relation  (A)  of  certain  speciall  and  most  material/ passages,  192. 

Breifc  Relation  {A)  of  the  Death  and  Sufferings,  233. 

Breviatc  (A)  of  the  Life  of  William  Laud,  230,  288,  304. 

Bridge,  Mr.,  Nonconformist,  46. 

Briefe  Exposition  (A),  Paraphrase,  or  Interpretation,  235. 

Bright,  Dr.  William,  Author  of  Essay  on  Laud,  260. 

British  Critic  (The),  254,  255. 
*Broersz  (or  Broerz),  Joost,  223,  229. 
*Brown,  Dan.,  186. 

Brown,  John,  S.J.,  a  Prisoner  in  the  Gatehouse,  204. 
Bruce,  John,  Editor  of  Original  Letters  &>c.,  255. 
*Brudenell,  Thomas,  232. 
Buckeridge,  John,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  135. 
Buckingham,  Countess  of,  105,  111. 

Buckingham,  George  Villiers  Duke  of. — Obtained  a  prebend  for 
Vossius,  82.  His  leaning  to  Popery,  105.  His  relations  with 
Archbishop  Laud,  135,  312.  Dissuaded  by  Laud  from  seques- 
trating the  Charterhouse  funds,  88.    Engraving  of,  312. 

Burton,  Henry,  censure  and  punishment  of,  61,  172,  173,  192,  205, 
210.  Author  of  A  Replie  to  a  Relation,  198.  The  Grand  Imposter 
Unmasked,  234.  A  full  and  satisfactory  Answer,  ib.  Satirical 
print  of,  262  f.    Portrait  of,  313. 

Bust  of  Archbishop  Laud,  298. 
*Butter,  Nathaniel,  169,  196,  200. 

*C,  J.  (1645)  236,  (1673)  175. 
C,  T.    See  Carwell. 
*Calvert,  Giles,  234. 

Calvin,  John. — His  theology,  6.  His  system  of  Church  govern- 
ment, 7,  11.  Its  decline,  12,  16.  The  Institutes  at  Oxford,  88. 
"A  Discourse  betwixt  J.  C.  and  a  Prelaticall  Bishop,''  209. 

Cambridge  University,  more  careful  of  its  rights  than  Oxford,  84. 
Primate's  right  of  Visitation  vindicated  by  Laud,  46.  Vossius 
invited  to,  83. 

GanterburiarCs  Self -Conviction  (The),  195. 

Canterburies  Conscience  Convicted,  209. 

Canterburies  Doome,  239,  304,  310, 


hide  i . 


325 


Canterburies  Dreame,  209. 
Canterburies  Meditations,  210. 
Canterburies  Pilgrimage,  210. 
Canterburies  Tooles,  211. 

Canterbury,  Archbishop  of. — His  position  as  father  of  the  realm,  31. 

  Archdeaconry  of,  172. 

  Diocese  of.  Visitation  Articles,  170,  172. 

  Province  of.  Laud's  Accounts  of,  45  f.,  290.  Visitation 

Articles,  171,  175. 
Canterbury  (foreign  Church  at),  46,  238* 
Canterbury  his  change  of  diot,  208. 
Canterbury  Tale  (A),  210,  (MS)  306. 
Canterbury's  Amazement,  208. 
Canterbury's  Will,  211. 

Cardwell,  Dr.  Edward,  Editor  of  Laud's  Conference,  175,  198. 

Carter,  T.  T.,  Editor  of  Nicholas  Ferrar  (1894),  293. 

Carwell,  Thomas  (or  T.  C  ),  S.  J  ,  Author  of  Labyrinthus  Cautua- 

riensis,  245,  246. 
Casaubon,  Isaac,  15,  82. 

  Meric,  82  ;  Author  of  Of  the  necessity  of  Reformation, 

246  ;  Editor  of  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  dx.,  265. 
*Castle,  C,  204. 

Catalogi  Codicum  MSS  Bibliothecie  Bodleiana,  257. 

Catherine  II  Empress  of  Russia,  309. 

Caudle  Cup  said  to  have  been  used  by  Charles  I.,  295. 

Cavendish's  Life  of  Wolsey,  207. 

Chair,  Archbishop  Laud's,  287. 

Chalice,  given  by  Laud  to  Holy  Trinity,  Knightsbridge,  285. 
"Chalice,  Archbishop  Laud's,"  a  cup  so  described,  xx. 
Chamberlain,  John,  his  letter  to  Archbishop  Tenison,  290. 
Chancellorship  of  Oxford  University,  68  f.  ;  Laud's  Instrument  of 

Resignation,  273,  301. 
Channel  Islands,  Laud  founds  scholarships  for  natives  of,  88. 
Charge  (The)  of  the  Scottish  Commissioners  dbc,  199. 
Charles  I,  King. — His  last  interview  with  his  children,  105.  His 

Coronation,  191.    His  translation  of  Laud  to  Canterbury,  290, 

311.    His  shirt,  295.    His  portrait,  308,  311. 
Charm  (A)  for  Canterburian  Spirits,  236. 

Charterhouse,  its  funds  saved  from  sequestration  by  Laud,  88. 
"Chaucer's  old  English,"  210. 

Chillingworth,  William,  Laud's  influence  on,  19,  116.  Quoted,  143. 
Some  papers  of,  290. 


326  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


•Chiswell,  Ri.,  185. 
Christian  Admonition  (A)  to  Arbp.  Laud,  213. 
Christian  Remembrancer,  ix,  256. 
Church  Association  Lectures,  257. 
Church  Quarterly  Review,  261. 

"Churchman  (A)  of  the  Diocese  of  Canterbury,"  259 
Clarendon,  Edward  Hyde  Earl  of,  268. 
Clarendon  Papers  (The),  268. 
*Clarke  (or  Clark),  John,  264. 

Clericus  (Le  Clerc),  Joannes,  Editor  of  De  Vcritate  etc.,  251. 
Cleveland,  Earl  of,  224. 

Cobbett's  Complete  Collection  of  State  Trials,  187. 
*Coe,  Jane,  234. 
*Cole,  Peter,  177. 

"Coles  (or  Coules),  Francis,  200,  208. 

Collection  (A)  of  Ancient  and  Modem  Prophecies,  237. 

Collection  (A)  of  Tracts,  254. 
'Collins,  James,  248. 

Collins,  William  Edward,  lecture  by,  29. 

Colquhoun,  J.  C,  257. 

Commemoration  (A)  of  King  Charles  his  inauguration,  180. 
Commons  (House  of),  growth  of  power  of,  36. 
Con,  Seignior,  226,  227. 
Concilia  Magiue  Britannia  et  HibemUc,  186. 
Conference  (A)  between  Christ  and  a  doubtful  Christian,  186. 
Conference  with  Fisher,  105  ff.,  167,  174,  245. 
Congregational  Union  (The),  259. 
"Constable,  Francis,  201. 

Constitutions  and  Canons  Ecclesiastical  (Scottish),  190  ;  (English)  ib. 
Satirical  Print  of,  262. 

Convocation,  not  legally  responsible  to  Parliament,  43. 

Cooper,  Mrs.  Davis. — Miniature  of  Archbishop  Laud  by,  xv,  309. 

Copenhagen,  letter  occasioned  by  the  fire  at,  176. 

Coppinger,  Sir  N.,  his  Seasonable  Speech,  200. 

Copy  (The)  of  a  letter  from  Alisburg,  224. 

Copy  (The)  of  a  letter  sent  from  William  Laud,  213,  303. 

Copy  (A)  of  a  letter  written  from  liis  Holiness  Court,  220. 

Copy  (The)  of  the  Petition  <&c,  224. 
•Corbett,  T.,  251. 

Coronation  Service  of  Charles  I,  191,  289. 

Cosin,  John  Bishop  of  Durham,  on  the  Royal  Supremacy,  44. 
'Cotes,  Thomas,  266. 


Index. 


327 


Cotton,  Sir  Robert,  his  Choice  Papers,  249. 
*Coules,  F.    Sec  Coles. 

"Country  Layman  (A)."    Author  of  Letter  to  Mr.  Archdeacon 

Eaehard,  252. 
Cowell,  Dr.,  his  view  of  the  Royal  Authority,  33. 
Coxe,  H.  O.,  Author  of  Catalog)  Codicum  dtc,  257. 
Cranmer,  Thomas,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  compared  with 

Archbishop  Laud,  46 n. 
Crauford,  James,  Author  of  Four  Queries  Resolved,  238. 
Creeke  (or  Crick),  Parish  Church  of,  316. 

Creighton,  Mandell,  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  xi.    Lecture  by,  3. 
*  Crofts,  Richard,  181. 

Croydon  Palace,  Window  with  Laud's  Writing,  xix. 
Cuchstone  (or  Cuxton),  Parish  of,  315. 
Cyprianus  Anglicus,  247,  305. 

'D.,  G.  (with  R.  O.),  204,  219. 
*D.,  W.  286. 

Daily  Office  (The)  of  a  Christian,  182. 

De  Idolatria  Gentili,  267. 

De  Oratie  .  .  van  John  Pym,  202. 

De  Veritate  Religionis  Christiana,  251. 

Declaration  of  Sports  (The),  50. 

Delft,  book  printed  at,  174. 

Den  Brittannischen  Morgen-Wecker,  226. 

Den  Enghelschen  Paus,  227. 

Deputies  Ghost  (The),  212. 

Dering  (or  Deering),  Sir  E. — His  Foure  Speeches,  200.  Quoted,  293. 

Des  Acrts-bisschops  van  Cantelbergs  oratie,  179. 

Devonshire,  Earl  of,  his  apology  to  James  I.  on  his  marriage,  290. 

Dialogue  [A)  between  the  Bishop  of  Canterbury  and  his  phisitian,  207. 

Diary  of  Archbishop  Laud,  288. 

Dictionary  of  National  Biography  (The),  268. 

Difficulties  {The)  and  Discouragements  which  attend  die,  252. 

Digby,  Sir  Kenelm,  86. 

Discontented  Conference  (A)  betwixt  two  great  Associates,  211. 

Discovery  (A)  of  the  Notorious  Proceedings,  204. 

Display  (A)  of  Heraldry,  299. 

Divine  and  Politikc  Observations,  193. 

Divine  Right,  The  theory  of,  33. 

Dobson,  Walter,  witnesses  Laud's  Resignation,  274. 

Dolben,  John  Archbishop  of  York,  289. 


328  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Dowden,  John  Bishop  of  Edinburgh,  261. 
Drake,  Richard,  Editor  of  Andrewes's  Devotions,  285,  286. 
Dublin,  books  printed  at,  168,  247. 
  University  of,  74,  75,  88. 

Ducarel,  Andrew  Coltee,  Lambeth  Librarian,  290,  297. 
Duchesne,  Abbe,  113. 

Eachard,  Mr.  Archdeacon,  252. 
Ecclesia  Anglicancc  Suspiria,  304. 

Edinburgh,  books  printed  at,  189,  190,  195  (?),  198,  ig9(?),  261. 

  Laud's  letter  to  the  City  of,  291. 

  Laud's  Sermon  at,  170. 

Een  Brief  des  Aerts-Bisschops  va?i  Cantelbergh,  223. 

Een  vast  ende  bondigh  Antwoort,  235. 

Eight  Occasional  Speeches  by  Sir  John  Wray,  201. 

Elegie  (An)  on  the  most  reverend  Father  in  God  William  otc,  233. 

Eliot,  Sir  John,  139. 

Elizabeth,  Princess. — Laud's  verses  to,  on  her  marriage,  166,  277. 
Elizabeth,  Queen, — Her  policy,  9,  17.    Her  relations  with  the 
Commons,  33.    Her  zeal  against  idolatry,  78. 
*Enderbie,  Sam.,  238. 
Engelandts  Memoriael,  241. 

England — her  contribution  to  European  progress,  17. 
England  and  Ireland's  sad  Theater,  237. 
England's  Black  Tribunal!,  244. 
England's  Glory  in  her  royall  King,  209. 
England's  Rejoicing  at  the  Prelat's  Downfall,  206. 
English  Historical  Review  (The),  189,  261,  291. 
English  Patriarchate,  4. 
English  Pope  (The),  226. 

Episcopal  Traytors  or  Priests  awkward  Politicians,  252. 

Epistle  (An)  to  the  Reverend  Divines  &c,  227. 

Epithalamia,  sit  e  Lusus,  166,  277. 

Erpenius,  Thomas,  his  Arabic  Grammar,  76. 

European  Magazine  (The),  viii,  269. 

Exact  Copy  (An)  of  a  letter  sent  to  William  Laud,  213. 

Examination  for  degrees  at  Oxford,  71,  72. 

F.,  L.  240. 
F.,  R.  252. 

Fabula  Pontifical  Evangelicm  radUs  dissipatm,  266. 
Fair  Warning  :  the  second  part,  245. 


Index. 


329 


Farewell  Myter  or  Canterburies  Meditations,  xiv,  210. 
Fell,  Dr.,  Vice-Chancellor  of  Oxford  University,  182. 
Ferrar,  Nicholas,  14,  125,  292  f. 
Ferry-boat  (The)  at  Lambeth,  301. 

Ftlioque  Controversy,  Laud's  treatment  of,  107  f.  . 
Finch,  Lord,  198,  205 
Firth,  C.  H.,  239. 

Fisher  Controversy,  105  f.,  167,  174,  198,  245,  246,  248. 
Fisher,  Mr.,  the  Jesuit  (alias  Percy),  105  &c. 
•Flesher,  M.,  265. 

Fletcher,  Thomas,  buried  Archbishop  Laud,  320. 

Flower,  Sir  W.  H. — His  report  on  the  Tortoise,  287. 

Former  Ages  never  heard  of  die,  243,  307. 

Fortune's  Tennis-ball,  194. 

Four  Queries  Resolved,  238. 

Foure  Speecha  made  by  Sir  E.  Dering,  200. 

"  Friend  (A)  of  the  author  of  Cataline,"  252. 

Full  and  Satisfactory  Answer  (A)  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterburies 
Speech,  234. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  on  the  Censure  of  Prynne  &c,  61. 
*G.,  E.  205. 

Gage's  (T.)  Survey  of  the  West  Indies,  249. 

Gardiner,  Dr.  S.  R.,  viii,  59,  261,  268. 
'Garthwait,  Timothy,  246. 

Gascoigne,  J.,  engraver,  320. 

Gauden,  John  Bishop  of  Worcester,  304. 
'Gellebrand,  Sa.,  244. 

Geneva,  observance  of  Sunday  at,  51. 

Ghazzali's  Revival  of  the  Religious  Sciences,  86. 
•Gilliflower,  Matthew  (or  M.  G  ),  183. 
  ,  W.  and  M.,  184. 

Gladstone,  W.  E.,  on  Archbishop  Laud,  119,  142. 

Goodwin,  Col.,  224. 

Oosjjels  of  the  Four  Evangelists  in  Saxon,  294. 

Grammatices  Latiiuc  Compendium,  267. 

Grand  Imposter  (The)  Unmasked,  234. 

Gray's  Inn  Chapel,  engraving  of,  315. 

Great  English  Churchmen,  259. 

Great  Stanmore,  Parish  Church  of,  317. 

Greaves,  John,  the  Orientalist,  79. 

Greek  type,  to  be  acquired  by  the  King's  printers,  85. 


33°  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Gregorie,  see  Brandon,  Richard. 
*Griffin,  Ed.,  267. 
Griffiths,  J.,  191. 

Grimstone  (or  Grymston),  Sir  H  ,  his  Speech  in  Parliament,  201. 
Grotius,   Hugo. — Invites   Laud  to  escape,   83.    Author  of  lie 

Verilate,  251. 
Grounds  of  Gr.immar  Penned  and  Published,  266. 
Guillim,  Master, — his  Display  of  Heraldry,  299. 
Gulter,  Giles,  Author  of  The  Archbishop's  Crveltie,  205. 

H.,  J.  Minister  of  the  Gospel,  235. 

H.,  R.  Author  of  A  Rational  Account,  248. 

Habernfeld,  Andreas  ab,  227. 

Hacket  (or  Hackett),  John  Bishop  of  Lichfield. — His  Estimate  of 
Laud,  viii.  His  special  pleading,  47.  Ilis  Life  of  Williams, 
3°5- 

Hague  (The),  book  printed  at,  251. 
Haiward,  Guillelmus,  engraver,  320. 
Hale,  Sir  M.,  on  the  Star  Chamber,  56. 

Hales,  John. — His  interview  with  Laud,  1 16.  His  Tracts,  250.  His 

Letter,  250,  253. 
Hall,  Henry,  Lambeth  Librarian,  290. 

  Joseph  Bishop  of  Norwich,  141.    His  letter  to  \V.  L.,  xxi, 

197. 

  Peter,  Editor  of  Reliquice  Liturgica,  190. 

«         William,  182. 

Halley,  George,  249. 

Hamilton,  Marquis  of,  on  Archbishop  Laud,  126,  149. 
Hamilton,  W.  Douglas,  234. 
Hammond,  Dr.  Henry,  118. 
Hampden,  Col.  [John],  224 
Hampton  Court  Conference,  12. 
'Hancock,  John,  232,  238. 

Harangue  prononcSe  en  la  Chambre  de  I'Estoille,  173. 

Hare,  Francis  Bishop  of  Chichester,  252. 

Harington,  E.  C,  Author  of  The  Rite  of  Consecration,  18,8. 

Harleian  Miscellany  (The),  173,  177,  192,  199,  207,  218,  228. 
"Hartgers,  Joost,  241. 

Harvey,  John,  of  Ickwell-Bury,  xix. 

Hatclife,  Vincent  (or  John  Spenser),  S.  J.,  243. 

Hatherell,  J.  W.,  Editor  of  Laud's  Sermons,  185. 
"Haviland,  John,  167. 


Index. 


33i 


"Hawes,  W.,  179. 
Hawkins,  Dr.  E  ,  303. 

Hayne,  Thomas,  Author  of  Grammatices  Latino:  Compendium,  267. 
Haywarde's  Star  Chamber  Notes,  56. 
Hazlitt's  Handbook,  &c,  206,  218,  221,  223,  233,  267. 
*Heavisid,  Richard,  183. 
Hebrew  Professorship  at  Oxford — augmented  by  Laud,  76. 
Henrietta  Maria,  Queen,  49,  311. 

Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  Laud's  verses  in  memory  of,  165,  275 
"Hensman,  William  (or  W.  H.),  183,  18C. 

Herbert,  George,  13,  125. 
  Thomas,  Author  of  Answer  to  Mercuries  Message,  214. 

Herbert's  Memoirs,  quoted,  105,  295. 

Heme,  John,  Counsel  to  Laud  at  his  Trial,  269. 

Herring,  Thomas  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  290. 

Heylin,  Dr.  Peter. — His  estimate  of  Laud,  vii,  29.    Author  of  A 
Breife  Relation,  233.    Cyprianus  Anglicus,  247,  301,  305. 

Heywood,  Thomas,  Author  of  Header,  here  yon' I '  plainly  see,  205. 
"Hickman,  Henry,  Author  of  Laudcnsium  Apostasia,  244. 

Hidden  Workes  of  Darkness  brought  to  publike  light,  231. 

High  Commission,  Court  of. — Laud's  use  of,  46,  55,  57.  Number 
of  suspensions  by,  59. 
"Hilten,  Jan  van,  229. 

Hinde,  John,  177,  (printed  Winde)  179. 

Hindley's  Miscellanea  Antiqua,  203. 

Hippocratis  Aphorismi,  294. 

Historical  Gleanings,  258. 

Historical  MSS.  Commission  Reports,  xviii,  269. 
History  (The)  of  the  Troubles  and  Tryal,  185,  289,  302. 
Hollar,  engravings  by,  301,  312,  318,  319. 
•Holt,  Ralph,  175. 
Hook,  Walter  Farquhar,  259. 

Hooker,  Richard,  12     The  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  104 
Houbraken,  engraving  by,  312. 
Hurry,  Colonel,  221. 

Hutchinson,  Mrs.,  her  sneer  at  Archbishop  Laud,  159. 

Hutton,  William  Holden. — Lecture  by,  95.     Author  of  Life  of 

Laud,  261. 
Hyde,  Sir  Edward.    See  Clarendon. 

Ibbott,  Dr.,  Lambeth  Librarian,  290. 

Ibn  Tufail,  Author  of  The  Solf-tanght  Philosopher,  80. 


332  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration . 


Ibstock,  Parish  Church  of,  316. 
Ickwell-Bury,  Laudian  remains  at,  xix. 
"Ignatius  Holy-Water,  a  Jesuit,"  217. 
Illustrated  London  News  (Tlie).  xix 
Ireland,  S.  W.  H.,  Junr.,  214. 
* Islip,  Adam,  167. 

James  I,  King,  his  question  to  Neile  and  Andrewes,  41. 
*Jansonium,  Jodicum,  242. 

Jehojadah's  Justice  against  Matlan,  235. 

Jewel,  John  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  11. 

Jhonston,  Mr.  A.,  Clerk  to  the  General  Assembly,  195. 

Johnson,  C,  portrait  of  George  Villiers  by,  312. 

Jones,  Inigo,  318. 
*Jones,  J.,  178. 

Jubilee  Lectures  (of  the  Congregational  Union),  259. 
Junius  de  Pictvrd  Vcterum,  294. 

Jus  Re  gum,  or,  A  Vindication  of  the  Regall  Poicer,  236. 
Jvst  Vindication  (A)  of  the  Questioned  Part  &c,  244. 
Justa  Funebria,  165,  276. 
Justa  Oxoniensium,  165,  275. 

Juxon,  William  Bishop  of  London,  afterwards  Abp.  of  Canter- 
bury.— Character  of,  48.  Letter  and  Warrant  of,  292. 
Restored  Lambeth  Palace  Chapel,  317.     Portraits  of,  308, 

*K.,  F.  166. 

*Keble,  Samuel,  184,  186. 

Kerry,  Charles,  Author  of  History  of  S.  Lawrence,  Reading,  300. 
*Kirby,  George,  221. 

Knightsbridge,  Church  of  Holy  Trinity,  285. 

*L.,  F.  230. 

Labyrinthus  Cantuariensis,  245.    Replies  to,  246. 
Ladensium  antokatakrisis,  195.    Reply  to,  196. 
Lambeth  Faire,  218. 
Lambeth  Faire's  Ended,  219. 

Lambeth  Palace. — Assault  upon,  239,  307.    Engravings  of,  317. 

  Chapel,  restored  by  Laud,  146.    By  Juxon,  317. 

Lambred  upon  Trent,  216. 

Large  (A)  Supplement  to  the  Canterbxrian  Self-Conviction,  196. 
'Larnar,  William,  210. 
Last  Adcice  (2Vie)  of  William,  Land,  late  Archbishop,  236. 


/  nde  i . 


333 


Latham,  Edward,  witness  to  Laud's  resignation,  274. 
Latin  language,  use  of,  at  Oxford,  81. 

Laud,  William  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. — His  claim  to  greatness, 
viii,  3,  15,  18,  63,  64,  91,  120,  124.  His  sense  of  his  mission, 
130  f.  His  faults,  20-23.  His  penitence,  134.  Contemporary 
estimates  of,  125  &c.  His  academic  training  contributed  to 
his  failure,  20,  48.  His  ideal  for  the  Church,  18  f.,  24,  25,  42. 
Confused  Church  and  State,  21,  44m,  160,  161.  Yet  not 
Erastian,  42.  His  reverence  for  constitutional  forms,  35. 
His  view  of  the  Royal  power,  34,  38.  His  subserviency  to 
the  King,  46.  His  view  of  the  power  of  Parliaments,  37. 
His  share  in  the  Tyranny,  41,  158.  As  Minister — his  care 
for  the  Poor,  52  f.,  159,  160.  His  statesmanship,  30.  His 
care  for  externals,  18.  His  Visitations,  269.  His  policy  of 
Coercion,  55,  58-61,  144.  His  real  tolerance,  19,  57-59,  i37f. 
His  view  of  the  Holy  Eucharist,  128  f.  His  observance  of 
Sunday,  50-52.  "Accounts  of  his  Province,"  45 f.  Chan- 
cellor of  Oxford  University,  68  f.,  273.  His  benefactions,  52, 
76-81,  255.  His  care  for  the  University  Press,  84^  His 
gifts  to  the  Bodleian  Library,  S5-87.  Chancellor  of  Dublin 
University,  88.  His  dealings  with  other  educational  bodies, 
ib.   His  collection  of  Oriental  MSS,  79.    His  correspondence, 

82.  Only  by  accident  a  controversialist,  97.  Reply  to  Lord 
Say  on  the  Liturgy,  98.  Reply  to  Lord  Say  on  the  Bishops, 
ioif.  His  Controversy  with  Eisher,  io5f.,  167,  174.  His 
interviews  with  Chillingworth  &c,  216.  His  army  of  con- 
troversialists, 117.  His  work  at  Lambeth,  146.  In  the 
Tower,  151.    Invited  to  escape  to  the  Continent  by  Grotius, 

83.  His  execution,  239.    His  burial,  ix.  320. 

 ,    His  Birthplace,  299,  313.    Font  in  which  he  was  baptised, 

300.  His  School,  313.  Register  of  his  Burial,  296.  Memo- 
rial Brasses  to,  300,  316. 

 ,    Portraits  of. — See  Bibliography  and  Exhibition  Catalogue, 

passim.    Satirical  portraits,  262  ff.    Personal  relics,  286 ff. 

 ,    Works  of. — See  Bibliography,  2"issim.     MS.  on  Church 

Government,  xx.  His  MS.  Diary,  288.  His  MS.  Trial,  289. 
MS.  Accounts  of  his  Province,  290  Correspondence  with 
Bp.  Williams,  ib. 

Laud  and  the  Puritans,  259. 

Laud  Commemoration  (The),  ix  f. 

Laudensium  Apostasia,  243. 

Laudian  Bibliography  (The),  its  method  and  scope,  xvi. 


334  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Laudian  Exhibition  (The),  x,  xix,  279. 

Lawson,  John  Parker,  Author  of  Life  of  Land,  254. 

Layfield,  Dr.  Edmund,  Laud's  nephew,  320. 

Le  Bas,  Charles  Webb,  Author  of  Life  of  Laud,  255. 

Leicester,  Robert  Earl  of,  as  Chancellor  at  Oxford,  68. 

  Dorothy  Countess  of,  292. 

Leighton,  Robert,  his  treatment  by  Laud,  147,  253,  254. 
Leipzig,  book  printed  at,  242. 

Letter  (A)  sent  by  William  Laud  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  with 

divers  MSS,  176. 
Letter  (A)  sent  from  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  220. 
Letter  (A)  to  Mr.  Archdeacon  Eachard,  252. 
Letter  (A)  Written  by  a  reverent  and  learned  divine,  xxi,  197. 
Leyden,  book  printed  at,  180.    Compositor  in  Oriental  languages 

obtained  from,  for  Oxford,  84. 
"  Libels,"  some  modern,  xiii  f. 
Liber  Precum  Publicarum,  265. 

"Lichfield  (or  Litchfield),  Leonard,  177,  178,  221,  266. 
Life  (The)  and  death  of  William  Lawd,  late  Archbishop  die.,  iyz. 
Life  (The)  of  William  now  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  225. 
Lijck-Serinoen  van  Willem  Laud,  180. 
Lilley,  William,  student  in  Astrologie,  237. 

Lindsell,  Augustine  Bishop  of  Hereford,  editor  of  Theophylact, 

83,  265. 

Little  Gidding,  125.    The  Harmony  of  the  Moral  and  Ceremonial 
Law,  292  f. 

Liturgy,  Episcopacy  and  Church  Ritual,  187. 

Lives  of  Eminent  and  Illustrious  Englishmen,  268. 

Lloyd,  Da.,  Author  of  Memoires  of  the  Lives  &c.  248. 

Lloyd,  William  Bishop  of  Norwich,  289. 

Lodge's  Portraits,  268. 

Loggan,  engravings  by,  310,  314. 

London,  Diocese  of,  Visitation  Articles,  169,  170. 

Lord  Bishops  none  of  the  Lords  Bishops,  197. 

Lordly  Prelate  (The),  or  Receipts  how  to  recover  a  lost  Bishop,  206. 
*Lowndes,  R.,  185. 
•Lownes,  Matthew,  166. 

Luther,  his  relation  to  post-Tridentine  Theology,  4. 

Lysimachus  Nicanor,  195. 

*Mabb  (or  Mab),  Ralph,  202,  299. 
Macaulay,  Lord,  on  Archbishop  Laud,  viii,  158. 


Index. 


335 


•Macock,  John,  240. 
Mahon,  Lord,  his  History  of  England  quoted,  311. 
Maidstone,  foreign  Church  at,  238. 
Main-waring,  Dr.  Roger,  33. 

Man,  John,  his  History  and  Antiquities  of  Reading,  299. 
Manner  [The)  of  the  Coronation  of  King  Charles  the  Fu  st,  191,  289. 
Manuscripts  given  by  Laud  to  Oxford  University,  87. 
Maple-tree  planted  by  Laud  at  Ibstock,  301. 

Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  the  Roman  Emperor  his  Meditations,  265. 
•Marsh,  H.,  245. 

Marshall,  William,  engraver,  262,  263. 

Margoliouth,  D.  S.,  lecture  by,  67. 
•Martin,  Jo,  181. 

Mason,  Dr.  A.  J.,  xi. 

Mason,  Henry,  Author  of  New  Art  of  Lying,  264. 

"Mathematician  (A)  in  Southwarke,"  21C. 
•Maxwell,  A.,  246. 
•Maxwell,  D.,  244. 

Mayor,  J.  E.  B.,  Lives  of  Nicholas  Ferrar,  292. 
Medal  in  honour  of  Archbishop  Laud,  viii,  297. 
Memoires  of  the  Lives,  Actions,  Sufferings,  Jtc,  248. 
Menard,  Hugo,  letter  of  Laud  to,  291. 
Mercuries  Message,  xvii,  214,  306 
Mercuries  Message  Defended,  215. 

Mericke,  William,  witness  to  Laud's  resignation,  274. 
Merton  College,  use  of  Latin  made  obligatory  in,  81. 
Milton,  John,  tract  attributed  to,  207,  253. 
Monopolies  (Patents),  205,  231. 

Monthly  Intelligencer  of  the  Birmingham  .  .  Association,  261. 
•Moore,  A.,  252. 
•Morphew,  J.,  179. 

•Mosley  (or  Moseley),  Humphrey,  266,  286. 

Montague,  Richard  Bishop  of  Chichester,  117  f. 

Mozley,  J.  B.,  his  Essay  on  Laud,  ix,  256. 

Mr.  Grymston's  Speech  in  Parliament,  201. 

Murray,  John,  his  Experimental  Researches,  287. 
•Mynne,  Richard,  265. 

Myttens,  portrait  of  Laud  by,  xv,  309. 

Neile,  Richard  Bishop  of  Rochester  &c.  (afterwards  Abp. 

York). — Story  of,  40     His  relations  with  Laud,  125,  315. 
Xe>c  Art  (The)  of  Lying,  264. 


336  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


New  College,  study  of  Calvin's  works  at,  88. 

New  Discovery  (A)  of  the  Prelates  Tyranny,  204. 

New  Disputation  (A)  between  the  two  Lordly  Bishops,  225. 

New  England,  224. 

New  Lambeth  Fayre  newly  consecrated ,  219. 

New  Memoirs  of  the  Life  etc.  of  Mr.  John  Milton,  253. 

New  York,  books  printed  at,  256,  258. 

New  York  Review  (The),  256. 

Newes  from  Elizium,  202. 

Newman,  John  Henry,  Editor  of  Laud's  Autobiography,  187. 
Newrobe,  Richard,  Author  of  Farewell  Mytrr,  xiv,  210. 
•Noble,  S.,  250. 

North  Kilworth,  Parish  Church  of,  315. 

Northbourne,  Lord,  243. 
•Norton,  Bonham  (with  John  Bill),  166,  168. 
  John  N.,  Author  of  Life  of  Laud,  257. 

Norton,  parish  Church  of,  315. 

Norwich,  Diocese  of,  Visitation  Articles,  172. 

Notes  and  Queries,  268. 
*Nutt,  J.,  183. 

*0,,  R.  [Richard  Overton?]  (with  G.  D.),  204,  219. 
Object  (The),  Importance,  dx.  of  the  Rite  of  Consecration,  188. 
Of  the  Necessity  of  Reformation,  in,  and  before  Luther's  time,  246. 
Officium  Quotidianum,  or,  A  Manual  of  Private  Devotions,  181. 
Old  Maljynant  (The)  in  Neiv  Apparrell,  240. 
Old  Newes  newly  revived,  216. 

On  the  "  Real  Presence  "  of  the  Laudian  Theology,  258. 
On  Winys  of  Feare  dtc,  198. 

Oratie  yedaen  door  den  Aerts-Bisschop  van  Cantelburg,  180. 

Oratie,  ofte  Lyck-Predicatie  des  Aerts-Bisschopx  van  Canterbury,  179 

Ordinance  (An)  of  the  Lords  and  Commons  (May  19,  1643)  223 

(June  13)  ib. 
Organ's  Eccho  (The),  203. 
Organ's  Funerall  (The),  221. 
Original  Letters  and  other  documents  dc,  255. 
Orleans,  book  printed  at,  233. 

Overton,  Richard,  Author  of  New  Lambeth  Fayre,  219. 

Owen,  Dr.  Morgan,  Laud's  Chaplain,  318. 

Owen,  Robert,  his  Institutes  of  Canon  Laic  quoted,  46 n. 

Oxford  Almanac  (The)  for  1734,  314. 

Oxford,  S.  Mary  the  Virgin,  318. 


337 


Oxford,  University  of.  See  Bodleian  Library,  Chancellor,  Public 
Orator,  Merton  College,  New  College,  S.  John's  College, 
Statutes,  University  Press. — Foundation  of  Professorships, 
75.  Examination  for  degrees  introduced,  71.  Letter  to 
Laud  from,  80.  Laud's  letter  to,  with  MSS.,  176.  Laud's 
letter  to,  on  resigning  the  Chancellorship,  176.  Forged 
letters  of  Laud  to,  213,  220. 

P.,  L.    Author  of  A  New  Disputation,  225. 
Packet  (A)  of  Wonders,  202. 
*Paine,  Thomas,  222. 
Panzani,  Seignior,  226. 

Papers  on  the  Doctrine  of  the  English  Church,  258. 
Paris,  books  printed  at,  173,  233  ('?).    Books  ostensibly  printed  at, 
243.  245- 

Parker,  H.,  Author  of  Jus  Regum,  236. 
'Partridge,  John,  237. 

Pasor,  Matthias,  lectured  on  Arabic  at  Oxford,  78. 
Paul's  Cross,  Laud's  sermon  at,  181. 
Peck,  Francis,  Author  of  New  Memoirs  of  Milton,  253. 
Pembroke,  William  Earl  of,  Chancellor  of  Oxford,  68. 
*Perrie,  Hugh,  169. 
"Persecution"  by  Laud,  vii,  xiii,  58  f. 
Peters,  Master  [Hugh] ,  224. 

Petley  (Petilus),  Elias,  translator  of  Prayer  Book  into  Greek,  266. 
Petyt,  Mr.,  Keeper  of  the  Records,  290. 
Phelp,  W.  Aubrey,  287. 
Phillimore,  Sir  Robert,  258. 

Pindar,  Sir  Paul,  contributed  to  restoration  of  St.  Paul's,  319. 
*Playford,  J.,  244. 
Pleasance,  Dr.,  his  conversation  with  Cosin,  44. 
Plot  {A)  lately  discovered  for  the  taking  of  the  Tower,  216. 
Pococke,  Edward. — Chaplain  at  Aleppo,  79.     Laudian  Professor 
of  Arabic,  76.     Bearer  of  Grotius's  Message  to  Laud,  83. 
Portrait  of,  308. 
Politicall  Transactions  &-c,  243. 

Pope  (The),  216,  217,  218,  226,  227,  228,  229,  230,  231,  245. 
Pope's  Benediction  (The),  or  His  generall  pardon  &>c,  216,  305. 
Pope's  Nuntioes  (The),  226. 
'Popping,  S.,  249. 
Prerogative,  Royal,  gradually  limited,  36. 
"  Presbyter  of  the  Church  of  England."    See  Hare. 

z 


338  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Private  Devotions  (The)  of  Dr.  William  Laud,  184. 

Privy  Council  Warrant  for  the  collection  of  Ship  Money,  291. 

Pro  Ecclesia  Dei.    Laud  and  Tait,  259. 

Proceedings  (The)  in  the  Star  Chamber  against  Henry  Shcrfield,  Esq.,  250. 
Prognostication  (A)  upon  IV.  Laud  late  Bishop  of  Canterbury,  237. 
Propheeie  (A)  of  the  Life,  Reign  and  Death  of  William  Laud  230. 
Prynne,  William. — Censure  of,  61,  172,  173,  192,  204,  210.  His 

search  among  Laud's  papers,  228,  288.    His  Notes  for  Abp. 

Laud's  trial,  297.    Author  of  Lame  Giles  his  Haltings,  117. 

Lord  Bishops  none  of  the  Lords  Bishops,  198.    A  New  Discovery 

&-c.,  204.     Breviate,  230.     Hidden  Workes  of  Darknes,  231. 

Canterburies  Doome,  239.    Portrait  of,  313. 
Psalter ium  Davidis  Latuio-Saxonicum  vetus,  267. 
Public  Oratorship  at  Oxford,  augmented  by  Laud,  81. 
Puritans,  aim  of,  in  England,  8.    Strong  at  the  Universities  under 

Elizabeth,  9. 
*Purslowe,  George,  264. 
Pusey,  Dr.,  308. 

Puseyism  equivalent  to  Laudism,  255. 

Pym,  John. — His  idea  of  liberty  of  Conscience,  139.    His  Spcccli  or 
Declaration,  202. 

Ouartermayne,  Roger,  222. 

Quartermayns  Conquest  over  Canterburies  Court,  222. 

Questions  propounded  for  resolution  of  unlearned  Pretenders  &-c,  243. 

*Raban,  Edward,  igo. 
Rabett,  Reginald,  255. 
Ravius,  the  Orientalist,  83. 

Rational  Account  (A)  of  the  doctrine  of  Roman-Catholics,  248. 
Rational  Account  (A)  of  the  grounds  of  Protestant  Religion,  246. 
Read  and  Wonder  <S<.,  216. 
Reader,  here  you' I  plainly  see,  205. 

Reading. — Books  printed  at,  260,  299,  300.  Laud's  birthplace  at, 
313.  S.  Lawrence's  Church,  ib.  Grammar  School,  ib. 
Laud's  benefactions  to,  69. 

  Corporation  of,  gave  Laud  his  first  Scholarship,  69. 

Reasonable  Notion  (A)  in  the  behalf e  of  such  of  the  Clergic  (s»c,  212. 

Recantation  (The)  of  the  Prelate  of  Canterbury,  206,  260,  306. 

Receipts  how  to  recover  a  lost  Bishop,  206. 

Reform  measures  of  the  Tyranny,  53  f . 

Reformed  Devotions  being  a  collection  of  the  best  hymns  &-c.,  251. 


Index. 


339 


Relation  de  la  mort  de  1' Archevesque  dc  Cantorberi,  233. 
Relation  Memorable  de  V Arrest  de  mort,  donne  contrc  V Archevesque  <~r., 
197. 

Relation  (A)  of  the  Conference  betweene  William  Lawd  &-c,  174,  293. 
Relation  of  the  Troubles  of  the  three  f arraign  Churches,  238. 
Reliquia  Liturgka,  190. 

Replic  {A)  to  a  Relation  of  a  Conference  &>c,  198. 
Replie  {A)  to  Jesuit  Fisher's  Answere  to  certain  questions  S-c,  167. 
Revelation  of  S.  John. — Laud's  life  foretold  from,  230. 
Review  and  Observator,  179. 
•Ridley,  Jo.,  181. 
Robinson,  Sir  John,  xix,  320. 

Roche,  De  La,  his  picture  of  Laud  blessing  Strafford,  300. 

Roman  Controversy,  104  f.    See  also  Pope  (The). 

Romanism  in  England,  its  strength,  18. 

Rome  for  Canterbury,  217,  305. 

Rome's  ABC,  217. 

Rome's  Master-Peece,  227. 

"  Romish  Recusant  (A),"  260,  306. 

Rood,  Edward,  Minister  at  S.  Helens  in  Abingdon,  205. 

Rooke,  Admiral  Sir  George,  301. 

Roomsch  Meester-stuck,  228. 

Rose's  Biographical  Dictionary,  268. 

Rot  (A)  among  the  Bishops,  204. 

Rotterdam,  book  printed  at,  180. 

Routh,  Dr.  Martin  J.,  303. 

Royal  Supremacy,  Cosin's  view  of,  44.     Laud's  view  of,  44  n., 
161. 

Rudyerd,  Sir  Benjamin,  his  Speech  with  Laud's  annotations,  38. 
Rupert,  Prince,  A  Speech  spoken  by  his  Excellence,  221. 
Rushworth,  his  Collections,  quoted,  40,  53. 
Ruymbaen  voor  Cauterberg,  218. 

Ryle,  John  C.  Bishop  of  Liverpool,  his  lecture  on  Laud,  257. 
*S.,  M.  205. 

*S.,  W.  (William  Starbucke?),  231,  235. 
Sa'di,  Author  of  The  Rose-garden,  87. 
Salisbury,  S.  Edmund's  Church,  250. 

Sancroft,  William  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. — Papers  belonging 

to,  289,  290.    Prepared  Laud's  Diary  for  publication,  268. 
Sandwich,  Foreign  Church  at,  46,  238. 
Saturday  half-holiday,  origin  of,  50 

z? 


34° 


Say  and  Sele,  Lord. — His  opinion  of  Bishop  Williams,  47.  His' 

Speech   touching  the  Liturgy,  97  f . ,  202.     Speech  against  the 

Bishops,  101. 
Scaliger,  Joseph,  his  Arabic  studies,  76. 
ScoU  Pedler  (The),  210. 

Scott,  William,  Editor  of  Laud's  Works,  174,  189. 
Scottish  Commissioners,  their  charges  against  Laud,  199. 
Serin  in  Reserata,  305. 

Seasonable  Speech  (A)  by  Sir  N.  Goppinger,  200. 
Second  Message  to  Mr.  William  Laud  late  Arch  bishop  <&c,  215,  306. 
Second  Volume  of  [Laud's]  Remains,  186. 
*Seite,  A.,  247. 

Selden,  John. — On  the  House  of  Commons,  36.  On  "  Supreme 
Governor,"  44.  On  the  High  Commission,  56.  On  the 
Censure  of  Prynne  Sec,  61.  Assisted  by  Archbishop  Laud,  83. 

Sermoen  ofte  Redenen  van  den  Ertz-Disschop  van  Canterbury,  180. 

Sermon  (The),  Last  Speech  and  Prayers  etc.,  178. 

Sermon  (A)  preach' d  in  the  Cathedral  .  .  Church  of  York,  249. 

Sesquiseculum  Anglicanum,  242. 

Several  Tracts  by  the  ever-memorable  Mr.  John  Hales,  250. 
Shad  well,  C.  L.,  191. 

Sheldon,  Gilbert  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  182,  268,  290. 
Shelley's  King  Charles  I,  quoted,  58. 
Sheppard  v.  Bennett,  258. 

Sherfield,  Henry,  proceedings  against,  in  the  Star  Chamber,  250. 
Ship-Money,  Warrant  for  the  collection  of,  291. 
Shirt  of  King  Charles  I,  295. 

Shoreham,  Laud's  Visitation  Articles  for  the  Deanery  of,  170,  172. 
Sibthorp,  Dr.,  his  Assize  Sermon,  40. 
Sight  (A)  of  the  Transactions  of  these  latter  yeares,  239. 
Simpkinson,  C.  H.,  Author  of  Life  of  Laud,  261.     Lecture  by, 
123. 

Skull-cap,  Archbishop  Laud's,  28G. 
*Smith,  Jo.,  224. 

Snayth,  George,  Auditor  to  Archbishop  Laud,  300. 

Some  remarkable  passages  relating  to  Archbishop  Laud,  249. 

Somers  Tracts  (The),  177,  200,  207,  212,  226,  233. 

"  Southwark,  A  Mathematician  in,"  216. 

Southwark,  the  rising  of  prentices  and  seamen  at,  239,  307. 
"Sparke,  Michael,  Senior,  228,  230,  232,  240. 

Speech  (A)  concerning  the  Bishop  of  Canterburies  Petition,  223. 

Speech  (A)  delivered  in  the  Starr-Chamber,  172,  303. 


Index. 


34i 


Speech  (A)  of  the  Right  Honourable  Lord  Viscount  Say  and  Seele, 

202. 

Speech  (The)  or  Declaration  of  John  Pymm,  Esq.,  202. 
•Speed,  Samuel,  248. 
Spelman,  John,  Editor  of  Psaltcrium  Davidis  dec,  267. 
Spenser  (or  Spencer),  John,  S.  J.,  243. 
Spiritual  Cordiall  (A)  for  my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  231. 
St.  David's,  Diocese  of,  Visitation  Articles,  167. 
St.  Giles  Cripplegate,  Church  of,  320. 

St.  John's  College,  Oxford. — Laud's  obligations  to,  69.  Laud 
buried  there,  ix.  Memorial  Brass  to  Laud,  300.  Laud's 
Quadrangle,  310,  314.    Collected  materials  for  life  of  Laud, 

268. 

St.  Katherine  Cree,  Church  of,  317. 

St.  Paul's  Cathedral  (Old).    Accounts  of  the  restoration,  291. 

Engravings  of,  318,  319. 
Star  Chamber,  Court  of. — Its  functions,  55  f.    Laud's  use  of,  60. 

Case  of  Prynne  &c,  172.    Case  of  Henry  Sherfield,  250. 
Starbucke,  William. — Author  of  A  Spiritual  Cordial,  231.  ABriefe 

Exposition,  235. 
Statutes  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  191. 
Statutes  of  Oxford  University,  codification  of,  70,  71. 
Statutes  (The)  X  Anno  Caroli  Regis,  294. 
Staunton,  Andrew,  Editor  of  White's  Conference,  168. 
Sterne,  Dr.,  Laud's  Chaplain,  233. 
Steward,  Dr.,  letter  of  Sir  E.  Hyde  to,  268. 

Stillingfleet,  Edward  Bishop  of  Worcester,  245.  Author  of  A 
Rational  Account,  xix,  246. 

Stirry,  Tho.,  Author  of  A  Rot  amongst  the  Bishoj>s,  204. 

Strafford,  Thomas  Wentworth  Earl  of. — His  friendship  with  Laud, 
48,  135.  Sir  John  Wray's  Spfeech  against,  201.  Articles 
against,  240.  Death  of,  209,  241.  Calculation  of  his  Nativity, 
237.  Tracts  concerning,  211,  212.  Picture  of  Laud  blessing 
him,  301.    Portraits  of,  308,  311,  313. 

Sueur,  Herbert  le,  Bust  of  Archbishop  Laud  by,  298. 

Summarie  (A)  of  Devotions  compiled  and  used  by  Dr.  William  iMud, 
182  f,  303. 

Sunday. — Laud's  observance  of,  50.   At  Geneva,  51.   In  the  Savoy 

Conference,  52. 
Supplement  (A)  to  some  Tracts  formerly  published,  253. 
Supreme  Governor  not  the  same  as  Supreme  Head,  44. 
•Symmes,  John,  248. 


342  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


T.,  J.    Editor  of  Laud's  Devotions,  183. 
Tadlow,  Parish  Church  of,  319. 
Tait,  Archbishop,  and  Laud,  259. 
Tallyrand,  M.  de,  113 

Taylor,  Jeremy  Bishop  of  Dromore,  Author  of  Episcopacy  Asserted, 
117. 

Tenison,  Thomas  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  290. 
Terrible  Tempest  (A)  in  the  Sea  of  Canterbury,  204. 
Theatri  Geographic  Veteris,  295. 

Theophylacti  Archiep.  Bulgaria  in  D.  Pauli  Epistolas  Continental ti , 
265. 

Theopilus,  Author  of  Divine  and  Politike  Observations,  193. 
Thorold  Rogers,  Prof.,  47.    Author  of  Historical  Gleanings,  258. 
Thorold,  Thomas,  S.J.,  245. 
Three  Speeches  made  by  Sir  John  Wray,  201. 
Times  {The),  article  from,  on  Archbishop  Laud,  157. 
Todd,  Archdeacon,  on  Laud's  services 'to  Literature,  269. 
Tolmach  (Tollemache),  Sir  Lionel,  293. 
Tortoise,  Archbishop  Laud's,  287. 
Tower  of  London,  Bird's-eye  view  of,  320. 
Tractarian  Movement  (The),  and  Archbishop  Laud,  viii. 
Tracts  of  the  Anglican  Fathers,  188. 
Tragicum  Thcatrum  Actorum  &-c,  242. 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature,  269. 
Tridemiter  (the  month),  xiv,  210. 
True  Church  of  England-Man's  Companion  (The),  254. 
True  Copy  (The)  of  a  Letter  sent  from  the  Most  Reverend  William  &-c., 
176,  303- 

True  Copy  (A)  of  certain  Passages  of  the  Lord  Arch-Bishop  of  Canterbury 

His  Speech,  178. 
True  Description  (A)  or  rather  a  parallel  &>c,  207,  307. 
Tudor  Kings,  power  of  the,  32,  35. 

Tyranny,  the  Ten  Years'.  —  Laud's  responsibility  for,  41,  158. 

Reform  measures  of,  53.    End  of,  62,  63. 
Tyrril,  Thomas,  Author  of  The  Copy  of  a  Letter  from  Alisburg, 

224. 

Union  Review  (The),  258. 

Universities.    See  Oxford  and  Cambridge. — Centres  of  Puritanism 

under  Elizabeth,  9. 
University  Press  (Oxford),  84,  85. 
Ussher,  James  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  79,  83,  88. 


Index. 


343 


Vandyck,  portraits  by,  xv,  307,  308,  309,  310,  311,  313. 
Vane,  Sir  Harry,  131,  136. 
*Vere,  Edward,  221. 

Vermccrdert  Engclandts  Mtmoriael,  241. 
Villiers.    See  Buckingham. 
•Vincent,  Robert,  183. 
Virgilii  Evangelissantis  Christiados,  294. 
Visitation  Articles.    See  Articles. 
Visitations  of  Archbishop  Laud,  269. 
Vollstandiges  Englisches  Memorial,  242. 

Vossius,  Gerhard. — Laud's  letter  to,  on  Toleration,  57.  Pre- 
bendary of  Canterbury  Cathedral,  82.  His  answer  to 
Baronius,  83.  Invited  to  Cambridge,  ib.  His  correspondence 
with  Laud,  90.    His  De  Idolatria  Gcntili,  267. 

Vrystadt,  books  printed  at,  226. 

W.,  E.    Author  of  The  Life  and  Death  of  William  Lawd,  232. 

W.,  T.    Minister  of  the  Word  of  God,  205. 
♦Walker  Henry  (or  H.),  204,  210 ;  (H.  W.)  213. 

Walking-stick,  Archbishop  Laud's,  287. 

Waller,  Edmund  (the  poet),  234. 

Wallis,  H.  M.,  Author  of  a  Lecture  on  Laud,  260. 

Walpole,  Sir  Robert,  309. 
•Walthoe,  John,  183. 

Wan  der  Werff,  portrait  of  Laud  by,  310. 

Wanstead,  Laud's  Sermon  at,  166. 

Ward,  G.  R.  M.,  191. 

Warrington  Museum  and  Library,  230. 

Warwick's  Memoirs,  quoted,  105 

Wasse,  Joseph,  Author  of  Reformed  Devotions,  251. 

Watson,  James,  engraver  of  a  portrait  of  Laud,  309. 

Waymarks  in  Church  History,  260. 
•Wellington,  R.,  184. 

Wentworth.    See  Strafford. 

Wescombe  (or  Westcombe),  Martin,  Author  of  Fabula  Pontifica,  266. 

Westminster  Assembly,  An  Epistle  to  the,  227. 

Westminster,  Laud's  Sermons  at,  1C8,  169. 

West  Tilbury,  Parish  Church  of,  315. 

Wharton,  Captain  George,  Student  in  Astronomy,  239. 

Wharton,  Henry.    Editor  of  History  of  the  Troubles  &c,  185,  268, 

300.    Second  Volume  of  the  Remains  <&-<".,  186. 
"Whig  Legend,"  the  great,  157 


344  Archbishop  Laud  Commemoration. 


Whiston,  Jona.,  293. 
*Whitaker,  Richard,  266. 
White,  Francis  Dean  of  Carlisle. — His  Conference,  105,  167. 

  John  Bishop  of  Ely,  Co-editor  of  Andrewes's  Sermons,  170. 

Whitehall,  Laud's  Sermons  at,  166,  168,  169. 

Whitgift,  John  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  245.  His  exercise  of 
discipline,  12. 

Widdovves,  Giles,  Editor  of  The  Lawless,  Knceless,  Schismatical 
Puritan,  117. 

Wilkins,  David,  Editor  of  Concilia  Magna  Britannia,  xxi,  186. 
Wilkins'  Political  Ballads,  203. 

William  Laud  of  Reading,  sometime  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  260. 

Williams,  John  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  afterwards  Archbishop  of 
York. — His  character,  47.  Treatment  by  Laud,  147  Dis- 
placed by  Laud  at  the  Coronation,  289.  His  Annotations 
on  Laud's  Star  Chamber  Speech,  173.  His  correspondence 
with  Laud,  290.  A  New  Disputation  between  .  .  Yorlte  and 
Canterbury,  225.    His  Life,  305.    Portrait,  308. 

Wilson,  J.  P.,  Editor  of  Andrewes's  Sermons,  170. 

Winchester,  Diocese  of,  Visitation  Articles,  171. 

Windebanke,  Secretary,  232. 

"  Witnesse  (A)  of  Jesus  Christ,"  198. 

Wittewrong,  James,  Author  of  The  Copy  of  a  Letter  from  Alisburg,  224. 
Wolsey,  Thomas  Cardinal. — His  policy,  4,  31.    Parallel  between 

him  and  Laud,  207,  253.    Apparition  of,  209. 
Wood,  Anthony  a,  176,  177,  274. 
Wood,  Mr.  C.  W.,  xv. 

Woodhead,  Abraham,  Author  of  A  Rational  Account,  248. 
Worcester,  Diocese  of,  Visitation  Articles,  171. 

Wordsworth,  Christopher,  Editor  of  The  Manner  of  the  Coronation 

&c.,  191. 
*Wotton,  Matt.,  186. 

Wray,  Sir  John,  his  Three  Speeches,  201. 

Wren,  Matthew  Bishop  of  Ely,  210,  262. 
"Wright,  John,  223,  224,  225,  228,  248. 

Wright,  Samuel,  Secretary  to  Bishop  Andrewes,  286. 

XCVI  Sermons  by  .  .  Lancelot  Andrewes  Lord  Bislwp  of  Winchester, 
170. 

Yonge,  Dr.,  on  Laud's  patience  with  non-Conformists,  116. 
*Young,  Robert,  190. 


